TheV-ingformastheAttributeandAdverbial

Unit４Grammar

TheV-ingformUnit４Grammar1動(dòng)詞-ing形式所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞荩?/p>

主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞

賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞

表語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞

定語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞

狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞

賓補(bǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞

V-ing形式充當(dāng)?shù)某煞种R(shí)回顧動(dòng)詞-ing形式所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞荩褐髡Z(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)21.單個(gè)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作定語(yǔ)位于被修飾名詞的前面,動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)表示被修飾者的作用或功能,現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)常表示被修飾者的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如：asleepingcar

臥車(chē)

=acarforsleepingasleepingchild一個(gè)正在睡覺(jué)的孩子

=achildwhoissleeping一、V-ing作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞一、V-ing作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞31)

drinkingwater飲用水

=waterfordrinking

2)awalkingstick拐杖

=astickforwalking

3)areadingroom閱覽室

=aroomforreading

4)awritingdesk寫(xiě)字桌

=adeskforwriting5)tiringmusic令人疲倦的音樂(lè)

=musicwhich/thatistiring6)asurprisingresult令人吃驚的結(jié)果

=aresultwhich/thatis

surprising現(xiàn)在分詞【即練1】同義改寫(xiě)動(dòng)名詞1)drinkingwater飲用水現(xiàn)在分詞【即練42.V–ing形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí),放在所修飾的名詞之后,并且在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。如：①Theexperimentwasan

amazing

success.=Theexperimentwasasuccess

whichwasamazing.

②Theylivedinaroomfacingthestreet.=Theylivedinaroom

that/whichfacesthestreet.

3.V-ing形式短語(yǔ)也可以用作非限制定語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,這時(shí)它與句子其他部分用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。如:

Hisbrother,working

as

ateacher,livesinBeijing.=Hisbrother,whoisworkingasateacher,livesinBeijing.2.V–ing形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí),放在所修飾的名詞51)Theman

standing

there

isPeter’sfather.=Theman

whoisstandingthere

isPeter’sfather.2)Anybodyswimming

in

this

riverwillbefined.=Anybodywhoisswimminginthisriverwillbefined.

3)Hersons,bothworkingabroadringhereveryweek.=Hersons,whobothwork/arebothworkingabroad,ringhereveryweek.【即練2】用定語(yǔ)從句改寫(xiě)【即練2】用定語(yǔ)從句改寫(xiě)61.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須是句子的主語(yǔ),分詞必須和句中的主語(yǔ)含有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,否則不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。如:Hearingtheknockonthedoor，theystoppedtalking.聽(tīng)到有人在敲門(mén)，他們停止了談話(huà)。＝Whentheyheardtheknockonthedoor,theystoppedtalking.（hearing的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)they

發(fā)出的，當(dāng)主從句主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，可把從句改為分詞短語(yǔ)）

二、現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)1.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須是72.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí),不能直接用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。判斷正誤：①Whensheheardthewords,herfacewentred.()②Hearingthewords,herfacewentred.()（分詞hearing的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子的主語(yǔ)

herface發(fā)出的,不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)）

【注意】分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)不相同時(shí),要用獨(dú)立主語(yǔ)，即獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。如:Thegirlwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonherhead．=Whenthegirlwaitedforthebus,abirdfellonherhead.√×2.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子的√×83.少部分V-ing形式可以充當(dāng)獨(dú)立成分，這時(shí)句子主語(yǔ)與其無(wú)任何語(yǔ)法關(guān)系，不要誤認(rèn)為是V-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)。如：Judging

from

histone,there'snodoubtheisagainst

it.從他的話(huà)音可判斷，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)他是反對(duì)的。常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)：generally/strictly/exactlyspeaking大體/嚴(yán)格/準(zhǔn)確說(shuō)來(lái)judgingfrom/by...根據(jù)……判斷talkingof...談到……considering...考慮，鑒于……supposing(that)．..假設(shè)，假定regarding...關(guān)于……3.少部分V-ing形式可以充當(dāng)獨(dú)立成分，這時(shí)句子主語(yǔ)與其91)Thechildranthroughtherain,hishairgotwet.________________________________,hishairgotwet.2)Iftimepermits,we'lldoanotherexperiment.

_________________________,we'lldoanotherexperiment.3)Whensheheardthewords,herfacewentred.____________________,herfacewentred.4)Becausealltheticketshadbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly._______________________________,theywentawaydisappointedly.【即練3】用分詞短語(yǔ)改寫(xiě)ThechildrunningthroughtherainTimepermittingShehearingthewordsAlltheticketshavingbeensoldout1)Thechildranthroughther10如:1)Hearingthebell,theybegantoentertheroom.

解析:hearing是一般式主動(dòng)，表示聽(tīng)到和進(jìn)入兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,相當(dāng)于狀從:Whentheyheardthebell2)Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisournewlibrary.解析:

beingbuilt是一般式被動(dòng)形式,表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行之中,相當(dāng)于定從:Thebuildingwhichisbeingbuiltnow3)

Havingdonethework,hewenthome.解析:

Havingdone是完成式主動(dòng),強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng)見(jiàn)和進(jìn)入兩個(gè)動(dòng)作先后發(fā)生,相當(dāng)于狀從:Afterhe(had)finishedthework主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式

(not)doingbeingdone(not)havingdonehavingbeendone一般式完成式三、V-ing的形式和句法功能1.V-ing的一般式和完成式如:1)Hearingthebell,theyb112.現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語(yǔ),修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子,表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的原因、時(shí)間、方式、結(jié)果、條件、伴隨等?，F(xiàn)在分詞一般不用作表目的地狀語(yǔ)(通常用不定式表目的地狀語(yǔ))。1)表時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.2.現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語(yǔ),修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或整1)表時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)122)表原因狀語(yǔ)

Beingastudent,youshouldstudyhard.=Sinceyouareastudent,youshouldstudyhard.3)表伴隨狀語(yǔ)

作伴隨狀語(yǔ)的分詞表示的動(dòng)作,必須是主語(yǔ)的一個(gè)動(dòng)作,或是與謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作(或狀態(tài))

同時(shí)發(fā)生,或是對(duì)謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)詞(或狀態(tài))作進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。

Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.=Hesatonthesofa,andwatchedTV.2)表原因狀語(yǔ)3)表伴隨狀語(yǔ)Hesato134)表結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)

Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingherwithheryoungerbrother.=Hermotherdiedin1990,andleftherwithheryoungerbrother.5)表?xiàng)l件狀語(yǔ)Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.4)表結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)5)表?xiàng)l件狀語(yǔ)Usingyour14【即練4】用分詞短語(yǔ)改寫(xiě)1)Whentheyheardthestrangenoise，theyfeltscared.Hearingthestrangenoise,theyfeltscared.2)Becausehewasill,hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.Beingill，hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.3)Ifyouwalkedahead,youwillseeawhitehouse.Walkingahead,youwillseeawhitehouse.4)Theylaughedandtalkedhappilyastheywentinto

theclassroom.

Laughingandtalkinghappily,theywentintothe

classroom.5)Unfortunately,hisfatherdied,andleftthefamily

evenworseoff.

Unfortunately,hisfatherdied,leavingthefamily

evenworseoff.【即練4】用分詞短語(yǔ)改寫(xiě)1)Whentheyheard151.WhenheapproachedMsSmith,hetouchedhershoulderandkissedher.________________MsSmith,hetouchedhershoulderandkissedher.I.用V-ing形式改寫(xiě)句子Whenapproaching2.Thepersonwhoistranslatingthesongscanspeaksevenlanguages.Theperson__________________canspeaksevenlanguages.translatingthesongs語(yǔ)法作業(yè)1.WhenheapproachedMsSmith163.Theboystandingthereisreadingabookaboutbodylanguage.Theboy______________thereisreadingabookaboutbodylanguage.whoisstanding4.Becausehedidn’tknowanyone,hestoodtheresilently.___________anyone,hestoodtheresilently.Notknowing3.Theboystandingthereisr175.Thepicturethathangsonthewallisaworld-famousone.Thepicture_______onthewallisaworld-famousone.6.Becausehehadn’treceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherlettertohim.________________ananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherlettertohim.hangingNothavingreceived5.Thepicturethathangsont187.Whenheseesthemountain,healwaysthinksofhishometown._______themountain,healwaysthinksofhishometown.8.BecauseitisSunday,therearenostudentsintheschool.It___________,therearenostudentsintheschool.SeeingbeingSunday7.Whenheseesthemountain,199.Hehuntedalltheshopstolookforanicepresentforhismother.Hehuntedalltheshops,____________anicepresentforhismother.10.Ifyoustudyhard,you’llmakeprogress.______________,you’llmakeprogress.

______________,andyou’llmakeprogress.(祈使句+and/or+陳述句)lookingforStudyinghardStudyhard9.Hehuntedalltheshopsto20II．單句改錯(cuò)。句子共有10處語(yǔ)言，涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏詞符號(hào)（/\）,并在該句