獨(dú)立寫作開頭段的寫法Adrian獨(dú)立寫作開頭段的寫法Adrian1StructureMainIdeaReasonIReasonIIConclusionStructureMainIdeaReasonIReas2RequirementOG:Score5Anessayatthislevellargelyaccomplishesallofthefollowing:Effectivelyaddressthetopicandtask.Iswellorganizedandwelldeveloped,usingclearlyappropriateexplanations,exemplifications,and/ordetails.Displaysunity,progression,andcoherence.Displaysconsistentfacilityintheuseoflanguage,demonstratingsyntacticvariety,appropriatewordchoice,andidiomatically,thoughitmayhaveminorlexicalorgrammaticalerrors.RequirementOG:3How？Effectivelyaddressthetopicandtask.有效地闡明話題.Letpeopleknowwhatthetopicis.Showyourpersonalopiniononthetopic.Thedetailsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.How？Effectivelyaddresstheto4

ParagraphIParaphrasetheargument改述原題MainIdea發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)AdverbialofCause用一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)短地提及論據(jù)

ParagraphI5a.WhatthetopicisDisplaysconsistentfacilityintheuseoflanguage,demonstratingsyntacticvariety,appropriatewordchoice.topic一般就在題目中； 為體現(xiàn)句法的多樣性和用詞的準(zhǔn)確性，不能照抄原題；需要對(duì)原題進(jìn)行恰當(dāng)而準(zhǔn)確地改述，即paraphrase.Whatisparaphrase？Aparaphraseofsomethingwrittenorspokenisthesamethingexpressedinadifferentway.——《柯林斯英漢雙解大辭典》a.WhatthetopicisDisplaysc6e.gDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Alwaystellingthetruthisthemostimportantconsiderationinanyrelationship.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.e.g7Howtoparaphrasethetopic?形式與內(nèi)容的嚴(yán)格對(duì)應(yīng)詞與詞的替換；（synonym）詞類替換；（word--phrase）詞性替換（noun--verb,adjective--noun）2.意義的對(duì)應(yīng)Howtoparaphrasethetopic?8形式與內(nèi)容的對(duì)應(yīng)詞與詞的替換（synonym）133.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Aperson'schildhoodyears(thetimefrombirthtotwelveyearsofage)arethemostimportantyearsofaperson'slife.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Brainstorming:aperson's--one's,someone'simportant--significant,momentousofaperson'slife--inone'slifetimeParaphrase:One'schildhoodyearsarethemostsignificantyearsinhislifetime.形式與內(nèi)容的對(duì)應(yīng)詞與詞的替換（synonym）9詞與詞的替換（synonym）9.Somepeopleprefertoliveinasmalltown.Othersprefertoliveinabigcity.Whichplacewouldyouprefertolivein?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Brainstorming:prefertodosth--wouldratherdosthlive--reside,dwellsmall--littlebigcity--metroplisParaphase:Somepeopleprefertoresideinasmalltown.Otherswouldratherliveinametroplis.詞與詞的替換（synonym）9.Somepeople10詞類替換b)word--phrase11. Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Universitiesshouldgivethesameamountofmoneytotheirstudents'sportsactivitiesastheygivetotheiruniversitylibraries.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.Brainstorming:shoulddo--berequiredtodo,besupposedtodothesameamountofmoney--theequivalentmoneyParaphase:Unversitiesaresupposedtorendertheequivalentmoneytotheirstudents'sportsactivitiesastheydototheuniversitylibraries.詞類替換b)word--phrase11詞性替換c)noun--verb,adjective--noun35. Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Attendingaliveperformance(forexample,aplay,concert,orsportingevent)ismoreenjoyablethanwatchingthesameeventontelevision.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.Brainstorming:attendsth--attendanceinsthbemoreenjoyable--have/bring/producemorejoy/delight/pleasureParaphase:Attendanceinaliveperformancebringsmorepleasurethanwatchingthesameoneontelevison.詞性替換c)noun--verb,adjective-12意義的對(duì)應(yīng)9.Somepeopleprefertoliveinasmalltown.Othersprefertoliveinabigcity.Whichplacewouldyouprefertolivein?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Paraphrase:Nowadays,peopleseldomagreewitheachothereveninsuchtrivialissuesaspreferancebetweenlivinginabigcityandasmalltown.133.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Aperson'schildhoodyears(thetimefrombirthtotwelveyearsofage)arethemostimportantyearsofaperson'slife.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Paraphrase:Whenlookingbackuponhislifetime,onemayregardhischildhoodasthemostsignificantperiodinhislifetime.意義的對(duì)應(yīng)9.Somepeoplepreferto13SentenceI1.在形式與內(nèi)容對(duì)應(yīng)的改述中，一般格式較為固定：Nowadays,peopleoftenconsider/regard/holdthat...Nowadays,peopletendto/wouldliketo...Inmostcases,peopleargue/contendthat...Inmodernsociety,thereisatendency/phenomenon/controversythat...Nowadays,somepeople...,whileothers...2.在只有意義對(duì)應(yīng)的改述中，格式較為自由、開放，可以展示更多的語(yǔ)法可能性與表達(dá)的多樣性。SentenceI1.在形式與內(nèi)容對(duì)應(yīng)的改述中，一般格14ExamplesDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Onlypeoplewhoearnalotofmoneyaresuccessful.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.SentenceI：Nowadays,peopleoftenconsiderthatonlytheoneswhoearnalargeamountofmoneyaresuccessful.Nowadays,peoplewouldliketoholdtheviewthatonlythosewhoearnmuchmaterialwealthcanbeviewedasthesuccessfulones.Nowadays,manypeoplebelievethatalargeincomeequalssuccess.Practice:175.Somestudentslikeclasseswhereteacherslecture(doallofthetalking)inclass.Otherstudentspreferclasseswherethestudentsdosomeofthetalking.Whichtypeofclassdoyouprefer?Givespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyourchoice.ExamplesDoyouagreeordisagr15b.Showyourpersonalopinion要求：觀點(diǎn)鮮明，簡(jiǎn)明扼要。SentenceII常用句型：前半句：AsfarasIamconcerned/Inmypointofview/Asforme/Formypart/Intermsofme/Personallyspeaking,......后半句：Iwouldsay/assertthat......Itendtoagree/disagreethat......Thereissomethingcertain/wrongtosay/considerthat......Itisnodoubtthat......完整的句子：Itseemstomethat......b.Showyourpersonalopinion要16Examples27.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Peopleshouldsometimesdothingsthattheydonotenjoydoing.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.SentenceII：......Inmyopinion,therereallyissomethingwrong,nevertheless,tothinkwecouldbefinallysuccessfulbyonlydoingthingsthatwedoenjoydoing.......AsfarasIamconcerned,itisnodoubtthatinsomecases,peopleshoulddowhattheyinfactdonotenjoyingdoinginordertobesuccessful.......Formypart,Itendtoagreethatundersomecircumstancespeopleoughttodowhattheyarenotgladtodo.Practice:175.Somestudentslikeclasseswhereteacherslecture(doallofthetalking)inclass.Otherstudentspreferclasseswherethestudentsdosomeofthetalking.Whichtypeofclassdoyouprefer?Givespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyourchoice.Examples27.Doyouagreeordi17C.Supportyouropinion對(duì)接下來(lái)中間段要展開的兩至三個(gè)分論點(diǎn)用一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句或名詞短語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)要地提及一般接在SentenceII后作狀語(yǔ),不另成句。Why？使作者清楚文章的框架，便于預(yù)期和理解加深讀者對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的記憶限制思維的廣度，使作者能深入思考理由和例證顯示語(yǔ)言變化能力增加文章字?jǐn)?shù)C.Supportyouropinion對(duì)接下來(lái)中間段18常用句型名詞短語(yǔ)：……,becauseof/dueto/onaccountof/inviewof/inregardto/intermsof/considering/given/for原因狀語(yǔ)從句：……,giventhat/considering(thefactthat)/for/since/seeingthat/nowthat/as/inviewofthefactthat/inthat/forthereasonthat……常用句型19SampleSampleINowadays,peopleoftenconsiderthat…AsfarasIamconcerned,Iwouldsaythat….,becauseof…SampleIINowadays,peopletendto…Formypart,Itendtoagree/disagreethat…,forthereasonthat…SampleSampleI20Example話題：電視已經(jīng)成為書本更有效的學(xué)習(xí)方式觀點(diǎn)：完全同意理由1：電視畫面和聲音結(jié)合，吸引人，注意