英語(yǔ)報(bào)選讀(專升本)期末試卷A一、閱讀理解（375分CaliforniaCondor’sShockingCaliforniacondorsareNorthAmerica’slargestbirds,withwind-lengthofupto3meters.Inthe1980s,electricallinesandleadpoisoning(鉛)nearlydrovethemtodyingout.Now,electricshocktrainingandmedicaltreatmentareheltorescuethesebigbirds.Inthelate1980s,thelastfewcondorsweretakenfromthewildtobebred(繁殖).Se1992,therehavebeenmultiplereintroductionstothewild,andtherearenowmorethan150flyingoverCaliforniaandnearbyArizona,UtahandBajainMexico.Electricallineshavebeenkillingthemoff.“Astheygointorestforthenight,theyjustdon’tseethepowerlines,”saysBruceRideoutofSanDiegoZoo.Theirwingscanbridgethegapbetweenlines,resultinginelectrocution(電死)iftheytouchtwolinesatonce.Soscientistshavecomeupwithashockingidea.Tallpoles,cedinlargetrainingteachthebirdstostayclearofelectricallinesbygivingthemapainfulbutundeadlyelectricshock.Beforethetrainingwasintroduced,66%ofset-birdsdiedofelectrocution.Thishasnowdroppedto18%.Leadpoisoninghasprovedmoredifficulttodealwith.Whencondorseatdeadbodiesofotheranimalscontaininglead,theyabsorblargetiesoflead.Thisaffectstheirnervoussystemsandabilitytoproducebabybirds,andcanleadtokidney(腎)failuresanddeath.SocondorswithhighlevelsofleadaresenttoLosAngelesZoo,wheretheyaretreatedwithcalciumEDTA,achemicalthatremovesleadfromthebloodoverseveraldays.Thisworkisstartingtooff.Theannualdeathrateforadultcondorshasdroppedfrom38%in2000to5.4%inRideout’thinksthattheCaliforniacondors’averagesurvivaltimeinthewildisnowjustundereightyears.“Althoughthesemeasuresarenoteffectiveforever,theyarevitalfornow,”hesays.“Theyaretrulygoodbirdsthatarewortheveryeffortweputintorecoveringthem.”Californiacondorsattractresearchers’interestbecause .areactiveathadtobebredinthearefound almostdiedoutintheResearchershavefoundelectricallinesare .(B)A.blockingcondors’journeyhomeB.bigkillersofCaliforbniaC.restcesforcondorsatD.usedtokeepcondorsAccordingtoParaghaph5,leadpoisoning .(D)A.makescondorstoonervoustoflyB.haslittleeffectoncondors’C.canhardlybegottenridofformcondors’D.makesitdifferentforcondorstoproducebabyThepassageshows .(theaveragesurvivaltimeofcondorsisRideout’sresearchinterestliesinelectricengineeringC.theeffortstoprotectcondorshavebroughtgoodresultsD.researchershavefoundthefinalanswerstotheNotsolongago,mostpeopledidn’tknowwhoSyAnnFrancisPrycewasgoinge.Shewasjustaagehighschoolathlete.TherewaseveryindicationthatshewasjustanotherAmericanteenagerwithoutmuchofafuture.However,onewantstochangethis.StephenFrancisobservedtheneighteen-year-oldSyAnnasatrackmeetandwasconvedthathehadseenthebeginningoftruegreatness.Hertimewerenotexactlyimpressive,butevenso,heseemedtherewassomethingtryingtogetout,somethingtheothercoacheshadoverlookedwhentheyhadassessedherandfoundherlacking.HedecidedtoofferSyAnnaceinhisverystricttrainingseasons.Theircooperationquicklyproducedresults,andafewyearlatJamaica’sOlympicgamesinearly2008,SyAnn,whoatthattimeonlyrankednumber70intheworld,beatJamaica’sunchallengedqueenofthesprint(短跑).“Wheredidshecomefrom?”askedanastonishedsprintingworld,beforeconcludingshemustbeoneofthoseone-hitwondersthatspringupfromtimetotime,onlytodisappearagainwithoutsigns.ButSyAnnwastoprovethatshewasanythingbutaone-hitwonder.AttheBeijingOlympicshesweptawayanydoubtsaboutherabilitytoperformconsistentlybyingthefirstJamaicanwomanevertowinthe100metersOlympicgold.ShediditagainoneyearonattheWorldChampionshipinBriton, ingworldchampionwithatimeof10.73---therecordever.Sy-Annisalittlewomanwithabiile.Shehasamentaltoughnessthatdidnotcomeaboutbychance.Herjourneyto ingthefastestwomanonearthhasbeenanythingbutsmoothandeffortless.ShegrewupinoneofJamaica’stoughestinner-citycommunitiesknownasWaterhouse,whereshelivedinaone-roomapartment,sleefourinabedwithhermotherandtwobrothers.Waterhouse,oneofthepoorestcommunitiesinJamaica,isareallyviolentandoverpopulatedce.SeveralofSy-Ann'sfriendsandfamilywerecaughtupinthekillings;oneofhercousinswasshotdeadonlyafewstreetsawayfromwhereshelived.Sometimesherfamilydidn’thaveenoughtoeat.Sheranattheschoolchampionshipsbarefootedbecauseshecouldn’taffordshoes.Hermothere,oneofafamilyoffourteen,hadbeenanathleteherselfasayounggirlbut,likesomanyothergirlsinWaterhouse,hadtostopaftershehadherfirstbaby.e’searlyentryintotheadultworldwithitsresponsibilitiesgaveherthedeterminationtoensurethatherkidswouldnotendupinWaterhouse'sroundaboutofpoverty.OneofthefirstthinaximeusedtodowithSy-Annwastakinghertothetrack,andshewasreadytosacrificeeverything.Itdidn'ttakelongforSy-AnntorealizethatsportscouldbeherwayoutofWaterhouse.OnasummereveninginBeijingin2008,allthoselong,hardhoursofworkandcommitmentfinallyborefruit.Thebarefootkidwhojustafewyearspreviouslyhadbeenlivinginpoverty,surroundedbycriminalsand,hadwrittenanewchapterinthehistoryofsports.ButSy-Ann’svictorywasfargreaterthanthat.ThenightshewonOlympicgoldinBeijing,theroutinemurdersinWaterhouseandthedrugwarsintheneighbouringstreetsstopped.Thedarkcloudaboveoneoftheworld’stoughestcriminalneighbourhoodssimplydisappearedforafewdays.“Ihavesomuchfireburningformycountry,”Sysaid.ShenstostartafoundationforhomelesschildrenandwantstobuildacommunitycentreinWaterhouse.ShehopestoinspiretheJamaicanstolaydowntheirweapons.Sheintendstofighttomakeitawoman’saswellasaman’sworld.AsMuh dAliputsit,“Championsaren'tmadeingyms.Championsaremadefromsomethingtheyhavedeepinsidethem.Adesire,adream,avision.”O(jiān)neofthethingsSy-Anncanbeproudofisherunderstandingofthistruth.WhydidStephenFrancisdecidetocoachSy-HehadastrongdesiretoherfamilyfromHesensedagreatpotentialinherdespiteherShehadbigproblemsmaintainingherShesufferedalotofdefeatsattheprevioustrackWhatdidthesprintingworldthinkof y-Annbeforethe2008Olympic eapromisingShebadlyneededtosethigherHersprintingcareerwouldnotlastHertalentforsprintingwasknowntoWhatmadeedecidetotrainherdaughteronthetrack?(HersuccessandlessonsinherHerinterestin y-Ann’squickHerwishtogetSy-AnnoutofHerearlyentranceintothesprintingWhatcanweinferfrom y-Ann'sstatementunderlinedinParagraph5?(ShewashighlyrewardedforherShewaseagertodomoreforherShebecameanathleticstarinherShewastheenvyofthewholeBymentioning dAli’swords,theauthorintends lusthat .(D)yersshouldbehighlyinspiredbygreatathletesneedtoconcentrateonhardworkisnecessaryinone’smotivationallowsgreatathletestobeontheWhatisthebesttitleforthepassage?(TheMakingofaGreatTheDreamforTheKeytoHighThePowerofFullInthedepthsoftheFrenchGuianeserain,therestillremainunusualgroupsofindigenous(土著的)people.Surprisingly,thesepeoplelivelargelybytheirownlawsandtheirownsocialcustoms.Andyet,peopleinthisareaareinfactFrenchcitizensbecauseithasbeenacolony(殖民地oftheFrenchRepublicse1946Intheory,theyshouldlivebytheFrenchlawisoftenignoredorunknown,thusmakingthemintoaninterestingareaof“l(fā)awlessness”intheThelivesofthesepeoplehavefinallybeenrecordedthankstotheeffectsofaFrenanformPariscalledGin.Ginspentfivemonthsinearly2015exploringthemostremotecornersofthisarea,whichsitsontheedgeoftheAmazonrain,withhalfitspopulationofonly250,000livinginitscapital,Cayenne.“IhaveaspeciallovefortheFrenchGuianesepeople.Ihaveworkedthereonandoffforalmosttenyears,”saysGin.“I’vebeenabletokeepfirmfriendshipswiththem.ThusIhavebeenallowedtogainaccesstotheirlivingenvironment.Idon’tseeitasalawlessland.ButratherIseeitasanareaof.”“Iwantedtoshowtheaudienceaphotographicrecordtouchingupontheuncivilizedlife,”continuesGin.“Iprefertoworkinblackandwhite,whichallowsmetoshowdifferentspecificworldsmoreclearly.”Hisblack-and-whitepicturespresentaworldalmostlostintime.Thesepicturesshowpeopleseeminglypushedintoaworldthattheywereunpreparedfor.Theselocalcitizensnowhavetobalancetheirtraditionalself-supportinghuntinglifestylewiththelifestyleofferedbythemodernFrenchRepublic,whichbringswithitnotonlynecessarystatewelfare,butalsoalcoholism,betrayalandevensuicide.WhydoestheauthorfeelsurprisedabouttheindigenouspeopleinFrenchTheyseldomfollowtheFrenchTheyoftenignoretheGuianeseTheyareseparatedfromthemodernTheyarebothGuianeseandFrenchGinintroducedthespecialworldoftheindigenousGuianeseas atouraafilmaWhatisGin’sattitudetowardsthelivesoftheindigenousWhatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphreferThemodernFrenchTheself-supportingTheuncivilizedTheFrench

OneofthegreatestcontributionstothefirstOxfordEnglishDictionarywasalsooneofitsmostunusual.In1879,OxfordUniversityinEnglandaskedProf.JamesMurraytoserveaseditorforwhatwastobethemostambitiousdictionaryinthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.ItwouldludeeveryEnglishwordpossibleandwouldgivenotonlythedefinitionbutalsothehistoryofthewordandquotations引文)showinghowitwasThiswasahugetask.SoMurraryhadtofindvolunteersfromBritain,theUnitedStates,andtheBritishcoloniestosearcheverynewspaper,magazine,andbookeverwritteninEnglish.Hundredsofvolunteersresponded,ludingWilliamChesterMinor.Dr.MinorwasanAmericanSurgeonwhohadservedintheCivilWarandwasnowlivinginEngland.Hegavehisaddressas“Broadmoor,Crowthorne,Berkshire,””50fromOxford.MinorjoinedthearmyofvolunteerssendingwordsandquotationstoMurray.Overthenextyears,hebecameoneofthestaff’smostvaluedcontributors.Buthewasalsoamystery.Inspiteofmanyinvitations,hewouldalwaysdeclinetovisitOxford.Soin1897，MurrayfinallydecidedtotraveltoCrowthornehimself.Whenhearrived,hefoundMinorlockedinabook-linedcellattheBroadmoorAsylumfortheCriminallyinsane.MurrayandMinorbecamefriends,sharingtheirloveofwords.contributingtothedictionary,sendinginmorethan10,000submissionsin20years.MurraytovisitMinorregularly,sometimestakingwalkswithhimaroundtheasylumgrounds.In1910,MinorleftBroadmoorforanasyluminhisnativeAmerica.MurraywasatthetowavegoodbyetohisremarkableMinordiedin1920,sevenyearsbeforethefirsteditionoftheOxfordEnglishDictionarywascompleted.The12volumesdefined414,825words,andthousandsofthemwerecontributionsfromaveryscholarlyanddevotedasylumpatient.Accordingtothetext,thefirstOxfordEnglishDictionary .cameoutbeforeminorwaseditedbyanAmericanludedtheEnglishwordsinventedbywasintendedtobethemostambitiousEnglishHowdidDr.Minorcontributedtothe HehelpedMurraytofindhundredsofHesentnewspapers,magazinesandbookstoHeprovidedagreatnumberofwordsandhewenttoEnglandtoworkwithWhydidDr.Minorrefusetovisit Hewasshutinan B.HelivedfarfromC.Hewasbusywritinga D.HedislikedProf.MurrayandDr.Minorbecamefriendsmainlybecause (BtheybothservedintheCivilTheyhadacommoninterestinMinorrecoveredwiththehelpofMurraywenttoAmericaregularlytovisitWhichofthefollowingbestdescribeDr. Braveand B.CautiousandC.Considerateand D.UnusualandWhatdoesthetextmainlytalk ThehistoryoftheEnglishThefriendshipbetweenMurrayandMinorandthefirstOxfordEnglishBroadmoorAsylumandisHarvardresearchershavecreatedatough,low-cost,biodegradable可生物降解的)materialinspiredbyinsects'hardouterss.Thematerial'sinventorssayithasanumberofpossibleusesandsomedaycouldprovideamoreenvironmentallyfriendlyalternativetostic.Thematerial,madefromshrimp('蝦)ssandproteinsproducedfromsilk,iscalled"shrilk."Itisthin,clear,flexibleandstrong.Amajorbenefitofthematerialisitsbiodegradability.stic'stoughnessandflexibilityrepresentedarevolutioninmaterialsscienceduringthe1950sand'60s.Decadeslater,however,stic'sverydurability(耐用性)israisingquestionsabouthowappropriateitisfor productssuchassticbags,orshort-livedconsumergoods,usedinthehomeforafewyearsandthencastintoalandfillwheretheywilldegradenturies.Whatisthepointofmakingsomethingthatlasts1,000years?Shrilknotonlywilldegradeinalandfill,butitsbasiccomponentsareusedasfertilizer(肥料),andsowillenrichthesoil.Shrilkhasgreatpotential,theinventorssaid.Materialsfromwhichitismadeareplentifulinnature,foundineverythingrangingfromshrimpss,insectbodiestolivingnts.Thatmakesshrilklowcost,anditsmassproductionpossibleshoulditbeusedforproductsdemandingalotofmaterial.Workonshrilkiscontinuinginthelab.Theinventorssaidthematerial esflexiblewhenwet,sothey'reexploringwaystouseitinwetenvironments.They'realsodevelosimplerproductionprocesses,whichcouldbeusedfornon-medicalproducts,likeforcomputercasesandotherproductsinsidethehome.They'reevenexploringcombiningitwithothermaterials,likecarbonfibers,togiveitnewproperties.ParagraphIofthepassageismainlyaboutshritk's.remarkable B.interestingC.major D.basicWhat eaconcernaboutstic?Usingit B.ProducingitC.Develoitspropertiesquickly. D.EvaluatingitscontributionsAccordingtotheinventors,shrilkhasgreatpotentialpartly (Ditcanhelpstic B.itcanbefoundinlivingC.itsmassproductionhasbeen D.itsrawmaterialsare Whataretheinventorsnginthe RecingcarbonfiberswithTestingahrilk'suseinwetMakingshrilkoutofusedhouseholdImprovingshrilk'sflexibilityformedicalWhichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthe (DRecentProgressinEnvironmentalBenefitsofInsectsinScientificTheHarmofimeAPossibleAlternativetoTwofriendshaveanargumentthatbleaksuptheirfriendshipforever,eventhoughneitheronecanrememberhowthewholethinggotstarted.Suchsadeventshappenoverandoverinhighschoolsacrossthecountry.Infact,accordingtoanofficialreportonyouth,"Inourcountrytoday,thegreatestthreattothelivesofchildrenandadolescentsisnotdiseaseorstarvationorabandonment,buttheterriblerealityof".Giventhatthisisthecase,whyaren'tstudentstaughttomanagethewaytheyaretaughttosolvemathproblems,drivecars,orstayphysicallyfit?Firstofall,studentsneedtorealizethatisunavoidable.Areportonamongmiddleschoolandhighschoolstudentsindicatesthatmostviolentsbetweenstudentsbeginwitharelativelyminorinsult().Forexample,afightcouldstartoverthefactthatstudenteatsapeanutbuttersandwicheachlunchtime.Laughteroverthesandwichcanleadtoinsults,whichinturncanleadto.Theproblemisn'tinthesandwich,butinthewaystudentsdealwiththe.Oncestudentsrecognizethatisunavoidable,theycanpracticethegoldenruleofresolution(解決)staycalm.Oncethestudentfeelscalmer,heorsheshouldchoosewordsthatwillcalmtheotherdownaswell.Rudewords,name-calling,andaccusationonlyaddfueltotheemotionalfirOntheotherhand,softwordsspokenatanormalsoundlevelcanputoutthefirebeforeitexplodesoutofcontrol.Afterbothsideshavecalmeddown,theycanuseanotherkeystrategyfor resolution;listening.Listeningallowsthetwosidestounderstandeachother.Oneshoulddescribehisorherside,andtheothershouldlistenwithoutinterrupting.Afterward,thelistenercanasknon-threateningquestionstoclarifythespeaker'sposition.Thenthetwopeopleshouldchangeroles.Finally,studentsneedconsiderwhattheyarehearing.Thisdoesn'tmeantryingtofigureoutwhat'swrongwiththeother.Itmeansunderstandingwhattherealissueisandwhatbothsidesaretryingto plish.F