小升初語法總復(fù)習(xí)小升初語法總復(fù)習(xí)1語法指導(dǎo)語法指導(dǎo)2一、詞類：一、詞類：這里強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn)：不可數(shù)名詞都默認(rèn)為單數(shù)，所以總是用is1）名詞復(fù)數(shù)如何加后綴（各種不同情況變化）A.一般情況直接加-sbook-booksbag-bagscat-catsbed-bedsB.以s.x.sh.ch結(jié)尾加-es：bus-busesbox-boxesbrush-brusheswatch-watchespeach—peachesglass—glassesC.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾變y為i,再加-esfamily-familiesstudy—studiesD.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾變f或fe為v，再加-esknife-knivesE.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)man-menwoman-womenpoliceman-policemenpolicewoman-policewomenmouse-micefoot-feetchild-childrenfish-fishChinese-Chinese一、詞類：一、詞類：3練習(xí)寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)

I_________him_________this___________her______

watch_______child_______photo________diary______

day________foot________book_______dress________

tooth_______sheep______box_______strawberry_____

thief_______yo-yo______peach______sandwich______

man______woman_______paper_______

juice___________

water________milk________rice__________tea__________

練習(xí)42.人稱代詞第三人稱第二人稱第一人稱I，we

主格youhe,she,it,theyme

，

us

you

him

，

herItthem賓格2.人稱代詞第三人稱第二人稱第一人稱I，we主格y53.形容詞性物主代詞Iyousheheittheywe主格：Myyourherhisitstheirour形容詞性物主代詞:3.形容詞性物主代詞Iyoushe6Thisis

mother.

Nicetomeet

.

3.

nameisMark.

4.What’s

name?

5.Excuse

6.Are

MissLi?

7.

amBen.

8.

ismysister.

9.Fine,thank

.

10.Howoldis

exercisesThisismother.

6.74.指示代詞

指近處指遠(yuǎn)處單數(shù)this（這個(gè)）that（那個(gè)）復(fù)數(shù)these（這些）those（那些）5.冠詞有a、an、the。a和an的區(qū)別：an用于元音音素（一般就是元音字母a、e、i、o、u）前，a用于輔音音素前。4.指示代詞

指近處指遠(yuǎn)處單數(shù)this（這個(gè)）that86.形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)一、形容詞的比較級(jí)

1.形容詞比較級(jí)在句子中的運(yùn)用：兩個(gè)事物或人的比較用比較級(jí)，比較級(jí)后面一般帶有單詞than。比較級(jí)前面可以用more,alittle來修飾表示程度。than后的人稱代詞用主格（口語中可用賓格）。

2.形容詞加er的規(guī)則：一般在詞尾加er；以字母e結(jié)尾，加r；

3.以一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加er；

“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，先把y變i，再加er。

4.不規(guī)則形容詞比較級(jí)：

good-better,beautiful-morebeautiful6.形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)9二、副詞的比較級(jí)

1．形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別(有be用形，有形用be；有動(dòng)用副，有副用動(dòng))

（1）在句子中形容詞一般處于名詞之前或be動(dòng)詞之后

（2）副詞在句子中最常見的是處于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之后2．副詞比較級(jí)的變化規(guī)則基本與形容詞比較級(jí)相同(不規(guī)則變化：well-better,far-farther)

二、副詞的比較級(jí)

10練習(xí)根據(jù)句意填入單詞的正確形式：

1.Mybrotheristwoyears__________(old)thanme.

2.Tomisas________(fat)asJim.

3.Isyoursister__________(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.

4.Whois___________(thin),youorHelen?Helenis.

5.Whosepencil-boxis__________(big),yoursorhers?Hersis.

練習(xí)根據(jù)句意填入單詞的正確形式：

1.Mybrother116.Mary’shairisas__________(long)asLucy’s.

7.Ben______(jump)________(high)thansomeoftheboysinhisclass.

8.________Nancysing__________(well)thanHelen?Yes,she_____.

9.Fangfangisnotas_________(tall)astheothergirls.

10.Myeyesare__________(big)than________(she)..

11.Whichis___________(heavy),theelephantorthepig?

12.Whogetsup_________(early),TimorTom?6.Mary’shairisas_________12二、否定句be動(dòng)詞（am、is、are）+not、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can+not、助動(dòng)詞（do、does）+not如何將一個(gè)肯定的陳述句改為否定句：1.看句中有無be動(dòng)詞，如有，直接在be動(dòng)詞后+not。2.看句中有無情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如有，直接在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后+not。3.如上述二者都沒有，就應(yīng)用助動(dòng)詞+not。二、否定句13三、一般疑問句

（1）肯定陳述句中本來是沒有助動(dòng)詞的，要加上去，位置在主語（某人或某物）后，動(dòng)詞前。（2）確定助動(dòng)詞用do、does，根據(jù)句中動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞是原形的助動(dòng)詞就用do，動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)的助動(dòng)詞就用does，（3）在助動(dòng)詞后加not。（4）原句中動(dòng)詞假如發(fā)生變化就要恢復(fù)成原形。強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn)，有some的要考慮是否要用any。三、一般疑問句（1）肯定陳述句中本來是沒有助動(dòng)詞的，要加上14常用疑問詞：Whattime什么時(shí)間問具體時(shí)間，如幾點(diǎn)Who誰問人Whose誰的問主人Where在哪里問地點(diǎn)What什么問東西、事物Whatcolour什么顏色問顏色Howold多大年紀(jì)問年紀(jì)Howmany多少數(shù)量（可數(shù)名詞）問數(shù)量Howmuch多少錢；多少數(shù)量（不可數(shù)名詞）問多少錢或數(shù)量（不可數(shù)）常用疑問詞：15五時(shí)態(tài)（一）：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法：經(jīng)常性的和習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作常用時(shí)間狀語：usually,sometimes,inspring,everyday,inthemorning動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：動(dòng)詞原型.work

動(dòng)詞+S.（主語是第三人稱單數(shù)）works

否定構(gòu)成：don’t+動(dòng)原

doesn’t+動(dòng)原五時(shí)態(tài)（一）：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法：經(jīng)常性的和習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作16一般疑問構(gòu)成及簡(jiǎn)答：Do+主語+動(dòng)原+其它？Yes,Ido.

Does+主語+動(dòng)原+其它？No,hedoesn’t.特殊疑問舉例：1.WhatdoyouoftendoonSundays?

2.

Wheredoeshelive?一般疑問構(gòu)成及簡(jiǎn)答：171.

She______________(go)toschoolateighto’clock.2.

It’ssixo’clock.Theyare_____________supper.(eat)3.

Heusually___________upat17:00.(get)4.

She___________(live)inBeijing.5.

Sally_________(be)herejustnow.(剛才)6.

_______(be)thereafly(蒼蠅)onthetablejustnow?7.

Theyare__________(dig)ahole(洞).8.

Myfather_______________(mend)hismodel(模型)planethesedays1.

She______________(go)18用法：說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作常用時(shí)間狀語：now,thesedays動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞(--ing)

am/is/areworking否定構(gòu)成：

am/is/are+not+現(xiàn)在分詞

Forexample:Tomisplayingfootballontheplayground.用法：說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作19用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Look!Thechildren________(swim)intheriver.2.Nowwe________(want)toplaybasketball.3.-________you________(draw)apicture?

-No,I'mnot.I________(write)aletter.4．

Whatareyou_________(do)now?I___________(eat)bread.5.

It’snineo’clock.Myfather_______________(work)intheoffice.用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。20一般疑問構(gòu)成及簡(jiǎn)答：Am/Is/Are+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它？Yes,Iam(heis.)/No,theyaren’t

特殊疑問舉例：Whatareyoudoingnow?Whoisflyingakitethere?

一般疑問構(gòu)成及簡(jiǎn)答：216.

Look,theboy____________(put)therubbishintothebin.7.

__________he__________(clean)theclassroom?No,heisn’t.He____________(play).8.

WhereisMark?He___________(run)onthegrass.9.

Listen,who____________(sing)inthemusicroom?Oh,10.Look!LiPingandLiYing________(play)basketballnow.6.

Look,theboy____________22一般過去時(shí)用法：過去時(shí)間發(fā)生的或過去經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作

常用時(shí)間狀語：yesterday,lastnight,twodaysago,in2000,atthattime,beforeliberation，when等引導(dǎo)的含過去時(shí)的句子。

動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)（-ed）workedwork否定構(gòu)成：didn’t+動(dòng)原didn’twork一般疑問構(gòu)成及簡(jiǎn)答舉例：Did+主語+動(dòng)原+其它？Yes,主語+did./No,主語+didn’t.

一般過去時(shí)用法：過去時(shí)間發(fā)生的或過去經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作

常用時(shí)間狀23

一般疑問構(gòu)成及簡(jiǎn)答舉例：Did+主語+動(dòng)原+其它？

Wewent

tothecinemayesterday.

Didyougoto

thecinemayesterday

?特殊疑問句舉例：Whatdidhedoyesterday?Whendidhegetupthismorning?備注：Heopenedthedoor.(不能確定門現(xiàn)在是否開著)一般疑問構(gòu)成及簡(jiǎn)答舉例：Did+主語+動(dòng)原+其它？We24練習(xí)一、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

1.I_______atschooljustnow.

2.He________atthecamplastweek.

3.We________studentstwoyearsago.

4.They________onthefarmamomentago.

5.YangLing________elevenyearsoldlastyear.

6.There________anappleontheplateyesterday.

7.There________somemilkinthefridgeonSunday.

8.Themobilephone_______onthesofa

yesterdayevening.

練習(xí)一、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

1.I_______25二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換

1.Itwasexciting.

否定句：__________________________________一般疑問句：__________________________________

肯、否定回答：__________________________________

2.Allthestudentswereveryexcited.

否定句：__________________________________一般疑問句：__________________________________

肯、否定回答：________________________二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換

1.Itwasexciting.

否定26一般將來時(shí)用法：將來會(huì)出現(xiàn)或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作常用時(shí)間狀語：thisevening,tomorrow,nextmonth,inafewminutes,attheendofthisterm

動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成:1.will/shall+動(dòng)原2.am/is/aregoingto+動(dòng)詞原型3.sm/is/are(about)+動(dòng)詞不定式4.am/is/are+coming等現(xiàn)在分詞

否定構(gòu)成：will/shallnotdo/am/is/arenotgoingtodo一般將來時(shí)用法：將來會(huì)出現(xiàn)或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作27特殊疑問句舉例:Whatwillyoudotomorrow?

Whenarewegoingtohaveaclassmeeting?

備注：在if條件或assoonas等時(shí)間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。IwillwritetoyouassoonasIarrivedinBeijing.特殊疑問句舉例:28練習(xí)填空。

1.

我打算明天和朋友去野炊。

I_____________________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.

I________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.

2.

下個(gè)星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打籃球。

What___________________________________________nextMonday?

I__________________playbasketball.

What_________youdonextMonday?I________playbasketball.

3.你媽媽這個(gè)周末去購(gòu)物嗎？是，她要去買一些水果。

_____yourmother_______________goshoppingthis___________?

Yes,she_________.She________________________buysomefruit.

4.你們打算什么時(shí)候見面。

練習(xí)填空。

1.

我打算明天和朋友去野炊。

I_____29六下復(fù)習(xí)資料---單詞歸類

動(dòng)物類：ant螞蟻fish魚goose鵝sheep羊horse馬hen母雞lamb小羊goat山羊cow母牛d＆#111nkey驢cat貓rabbit兔子pig豬duck鴨dog狗kangaroo袋鼠lion獅子snake蛇tiger虎zebra斑馬fox狐貍deer鹿giraffe長(zhǎng)頸鹿elephant象mouse老鼠ox牛dragon龍seal海豹spermwhale抹香鯨squid魷魚shark鯊魚六下復(fù)習(xí)資料---單詞歸類動(dòng)物類：30衣服類：jacket夾克衫shirt襯衫skirt裙子dress連衣裙T-shirt短袖jeans牛仔褲pants長(zhǎng)褲socks襪子shoes鞋子shorts短褲sneakers膠底鞋slippers拖鞋sandals涼鞋boots靴子vest背心衣服類：31交通工具：car小汽車jeep吉普車taxi出租車bus公共汽車bike自行車boat小船plane飛機(jī)train火車ship輪船subway地鐵天氣：Warm暖和cold寒冷cool涼爽hot炎熱rainy雨天snowy雪天windy刮風(fēng)天cloudy多云sunny晴天交通工具：32蔬菜類：tomato西紅柿potato馬鈴薯onion洋蔥carrot胡蘿卜mutton羊肉cabbage卷心菜pork豬肉eggplant茄子greenbeans扁豆tofu豆腐cucumber黃瓜蔬菜類：33顏色類：red紅色blue藍(lán)色brown棕色orange橙色yellow黃色white白色green綠色pink粉紅色black黑色grey灰色purple紫色人物類：boy男孩girl女孩man男人woman女人baby嬰兒children兒童cousin堂兄弟uncle舅舅aunt阿姨Father爸爸mother媽媽grandmother奶奶grandfather爺爺sister姐妹brother兄弟son兒子顏色類：34職業(yè)類：fammer農(nóng)夫assistant服務(wù)員baseballplayer棒球手driver司機(jī)doctor醫(yī)生nurse護(hù)士actor演員teacher教師人體：hair頭發(fā)ear耳朵nose鼻子mouth嘴巴tooth牙齒face臉arm手臂body身體leg腿finger手指head頭foot腳knee膝蓋neck脖子toe腳趾職業(yè)類：35水果類：apple蘋果banana香蕉pear梨orange橘子watermelon西瓜peach桃子strawberry草莓grape葡萄lemon檸檬

mango芒果食物類：（吃的，喝的）egg雞蛋ice冰ice-cream冰淇淋fish魚noodles面條beef牛肉vegetable蔬菜soup湯bread面包milk牛奶water水chicken雞肉coffee咖啡juice果汁tea茶水果類：36數(shù)字類：基數(shù)詞：One一two二three三four四five五six六seven七eight八nine九ten十eleven十一twelve十二fifteen十五sixteen十六seventeen十七eighteen十八nineteen十九twenty二十twenty-one二十一thirty-one三十一four-one四十一fifty-one五十一sixty-one六十一seven-one七十一eighty-one八十一ninty-one九十一hundred一百數(shù)字類：37序數(shù)詞：first(1st)second(2nd)third(3rd)fourth(4th)fifth(5th)sixth(6th)seventh(7th)eighth(8th)ninth(9th)tenth(10th)eleventh(11th)twelfth(12th)thirteenth(13th)fourteen(14th)fifteenth(15th)sixteenth(16th)seventeen(17th)eighteenth(18th)nineteenth(19th)twentieth(20th)序數(shù)詞：38課程類：Englishclass英語課Chineseclass語文課mathclass數(shù)學(xué)課P.E.class體育課artclass美術(shù)課computerclass電腦課scienceclass自然課musicclass音樂課MoralEducation思品課SocialStudies社會(huì)課禮貌用語：Goodmorning！早上好Goodafternoon！下午好Hello！你好Hi！嗨Bye-bye！再見Nicetomeetyou！Sorry！對(duì)不起Please！請(qǐng)Thankyou！謝謝That’sOK!沒關(guān)系Howareyou!你好!課程類：39國(guó)家類：USA美國(guó)CAN加拿大UK英國(guó)PRC中國(guó)電器類：TV電視phone電話fridge電冰箱形容詞：big大的small小的cheap便宜的expensive貴的long長(zhǎng)的short短的fat胖的thin瘦的old老的young年青的sweet甜sour酸salty咸pretty可愛的colourful多彩的fresh新鮮的beautiful漂亮的new新的strong強(qiáng)壯的quiet安靜的Cute漂亮的lovely可愛的tall高的funny有趣的kind慈祥的strict嚴(yán)格的smart機(jī)靈的active活躍的tasty美味國(guó)家類：40物品：Computer電腦picture圖畫fan電風(fēng)扇light燈board黑板window窗戶door門floor地板classroom教室bed床sofa沙發(fā)shelf書架table桌子chair椅子knife小刀chopsticks筷子spoon調(diào)羹plate盤子fork叉子key鑰匙toy玩具umbrella雨傘violin小提琴piano鋼琴curtain窗簾trashbin垃圾筒closet衣櫥mirror鏡子bag書包pencil鉛筆pen鋼筆book書ruler尺子pencil-case鉛筆盒walkman隨身聽lamp燈crayon蠟筆物品：41動(dòng)作：Fly飛sing唱歌cook做飯angry生氣play玩耍draw畫jump跳watch看open打開guess猜taste品嘗send發(fā)送walk走swim游泳run跑sleep睡fight打架swing蕩秋千drink喝count數(shù)數(shù)write寫catch捉clean大掃read讀see看listen聽eat吃run跑visit參觀happy高興angry生氣bored厭煩tired累sad傷心excited激