2023年自考類英語自考英語國家概況歷年高頻考題帶答案難題附詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）第1卷一.歷年考點試題黑鉆版(共50題)1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutAustraliaisnottrue?______A.Itliessouthoftheequator.B.Itistheworld'ssmallestcontinent.C.Itistheflattestandlowestcontinent.D.Itisthecontinentthatcontainsmorethanonecountry.2.TheSevenYears'War(1756—1763)wasfoughtbetweenBritainand______forthecolonizationinNorthAmerica.A.SpainB.RussiaC.HollandD.France3.______accountsforamajorsourceofpopulationgrowthintheU.S.A.ImmigrationB.EmigrationC.HighbirthrateD.Lowdeathrate4.ThebiggestcityinAmericais______withapopulationofover______million(in1990).

A.NewYork,18B.NewYork,11C.LosAngeles,14.5D.Chicago,125.Adecisiontosetupaworldorganization,theUnitedNations,wasmadeat______.A.YaltaConferenceB.PotsdamConferenceC.TeheranConferenceD.ParisConference6.TheUnitedStatesisbyfartheindustrialcountryintheworld.A.biggestB.secondbiggestC.thirdbiggestD.fourthbiggest7.TheRestorationinEnglishhistorytookplacein______.A.1042B.1066C.1606D.16608.WinstonChurchillwasheavilydefeatedatthegeneralelectionof1945because______.A.hedidnotactasagreatwarleaderB.hefailedtoleadhiscountrytovictoryC.peoplewantedBritaintoreturntothepoliticsofthe1920sand30sD.theConservativeParty'straditionalprinciplesseemedold-fashioned9.WhichisnotthepopularSundays?A.NewsoftheWorld.B.TheSun.C.Thepeople.D.SundayMirror.10.ThePresidentoftheUnitedStatescanissuerules,regulationsandinstructions,whicharecalled______.A.legalactsB.standingordersC.verdictsD.executiveorders11.EnglandshoweditssuperiorityasanavalpowerbydestroyingtheSpanish______in______time.A.Armada,ElizabethⅠ'sB.navy,JamesⅠ'sC.king,HenryⅦ'sD.colonist,HenryⅢ12.WhatistheethniccompositionofIreland?13.TheUnitedKingdomisaconstitutionalmonarchy.TheheadofStateisakingoraqueen.Inpractice,______.A.ParliamentrulesthecountryB.theSovereignreignsbutdoesnotruleC.theSovereignrulesbutdoesnotreignD.thePrimeMinisterrulesandreigns14.WhatwasthechiefweaknessoftheArticlesofConfederation?15.HowlongwasBritainundertheRomanoccupation?16.TheHundredYears'Warended______.A.indefeatforEnglandB.invictoryforEnglandC.inpeaceforbothcountriesD.indefeatforFrance17.Thestockmarketcrashof192918.UncleTom'sCabinandRootsaretwonovelswhichgiveavividdescriptionthemiserablelifeofthe______.A.earlysettlersB.puritansC.nativeIndiansD.blackslaves19.WhichofthefollowingisnottrueabouttheAmericaneconomy?A.Itisoneoftheleastregulatedeconomicsintheworld.B.Itisbasedlargelyonafreeenterprisesystem.C.Thereislittlegovernmentinvolvementintheeconomy.D.Manyofthenation'sbasicindustriesarerepresentedbyonlyafewmajorcorporations.20.In1170,theAnglo-SaxonsinvadedIreland,fromthenon,conflictsbetweentheEnglishandtheIrishwentonforalmost______years.A.1000B.800C.600D.50021.By1900therewere______milesofrailroadintheUnitedStates.A.10000B.100000C.193000D.29000022.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutAustraliaistrue?______A.Itistheworld'sfifthlargestcountryandissurroundedbysea.B.Itisthesmallestandtheonlycontinentthatcontainsonlyonecountry.C.ItisacontinentthatcontainsonlyAustraliaandNewZealand.D.Itistheworld'ssmallestcontinentandtheworld'sfourthlargestcountry.23.HowistheBritishhighereducationfinanced?24.AtChristmas,thehomeisdecoratedwiththefollowingexcept______.A.colorfulpaperchainsB.leavesofhollyandmistletoeC.ayoungfir-treeD.firecrackers25.AsaresultofAmericaneconomicaidundertheMarshallPlan,WesternEurope______.A.managedtotieoverthedifficultyearsinthelate1940sB.succeededinsolvingthefoodproblemC.recoveredfromwardestructionanditseconomybegantodevelopD.becameprosperous26.babyboom27.InCanada,thinlysettledregionof______takesupfourfifthsofthecountry.A.AtlanticprovincesB.theCanadianShieldC.BritishColumbiaD.northernCanada28.______,kingofEnglandinitiatedthelong,drawn-outstrugglewithFrancecalledtheHundredYears'War.A.EdwardⅠB.EdwardⅡC.EdwardⅢD.HenryⅢ29.InrecentyearsAustraliangovernmentshaveencouragedpeoplewithdifferentethnicbackgroundstokeeptheirowncultures,thispolicyiscalled______.A.CatholicismB.nationalismC.multiculturalismD.multiracism30.WhoweretheforerunnersoftheLiberalPartyinBritain?31.WhatistheHouseofLordsmadeupof?32.ThePilgrimscametoAmericainsearchof______.A.morelandB.goldC.religiousfreedomD.wealth33.Whichoneofthefollowingisnotgovernment-runattheU.S.federallevel?______A.MotorvehicleB.TheroadsystemC.NationaldefenseD.Thepostalservice34.______wasfoundedin1969,andbeganitsfirstcoursein1970.A.GlasgowUniversityB.AberdeenUniversityC.TheOpenUniversityD.StAndrewsUniversity35.WhydoesGreatBritainhavethegreatestinfluenceuponAustralia?36.WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasonthatHenryⅧcarriedoutthereligiousreform?______A.Heneededmoney.B.Hewasafrivolousking.C.Theprivilegeandwealthoftheclergywereresented.D.AdesireforchangeandreformintheChurchhadbeengrowingformanyyears.37.FlyingDoctors38.Thecitythathasanice-freeharborasCanada'smajoroutlettothePacificOceanis______.A.OttawaB.QuebecC.TorontoD.Vancouver39.WhydidWilliamⅠgivehisbaronslargeestatesinEngland?40.In1972,U.S.President______visitedChina,whichledtotheestablishmentofdiplomaticrelationswithChinainJanuary1979.A.RonaldReaganB.RichardNixonC.JimmyCarterD.GeraldFord41.Thesystemwhichadmitsallhighschoolgraduatesandotherresidentstouniversitiesandcollegesisknownasthe______system.A.equaladmissionB.alladmissionC.openadmissionD.unconditional42.constitutionalmonarchy43.KingGeorgeⅢwasnicknamed"______"becausehewassoenthusiasticaboutchangesinagriculture.A.FarmerGeorgeB.peasantGeorgeC.AgriculturalGeorgeD.EnthusiasticKing44.Whatisthe"winner-take-all"systemintheU.S.?45.Whatnaturalconditionsallowsfortheyear-roundoutdooractivitiesinNewZealand?46.Historically,Irelandhasbeenfreeofethnicconflictsbecauseofits______.A.racialunityB.racialhomogeneityC.multiculturalismD.highrateofemigration47.WhatfielddidtheIndustrialRevolutionfirstlyoccurin?48.DuringtheAmericanCivilWar,thevictoryat______provedtobetheturningpointfortheUnionArmy.A.HarrisburgB.GettysburgC.LexingtonD.FortSumter49.WhoarethetwoIrishpoetsthatwontheNobelPrizefewLiterature?50.HowmanymainislandsdoesNewZealandhave?第1卷參考答案一.歷年考點試題黑鉆版1.參考答案：D[解析]澳大利亞在南半球，是世界上最小的一個大洲，是惟一的只包含有一個國家的大洲。在世界上七個大洲中，它是最平坦、最低，并且是惟一一個能開著汽車到達(dá)最高山頂?shù)拇笾蕖?.參考答案：D[解析]英法兩國進(jìn)行的七年戰(zhàn)爭(1756—1763年)結(jié)束后，1768年簽訂的《巴黎條約》把加拿大交給了英國。3.參考答案：A4.參考答案：A[解析]美國最大的城市是紐約，1990年人口超過1800萬。5.參考答案：A[解析]第二次會議于1945年2月在雅爾塔舉行。會議實際通過了戰(zhàn)后三大國勢力范圍的重新劃分，并決定成立一個世界組織——聯(lián)合國。6.參考答案：A[解析]到目前為止，美國是世界上最大的工業(yè)國，既是經(jīng)濟(jì)大國又是科技大國。7.參考答案：D[解析]1660年選出的英國議會要求前國王的兒子從長期流亡地法國回國做國王，稱查爾斯二世(1660—1685)，從而解決了危機。這就是所謂的王朝復(fù)辟。8.參考答案：D[解析]Atthegeneralelectionof1945WinstonChurchillwasheavilydefeated.Theelectorate(votes)returnedaLabourgovernment.ThepeoplesufferedtheBlitz,evacuation,rationingandthe...thatmeanthetoowasnowpasthistory.1945年的大選中。溫斯頓·丘吉爾慘敗。選民選舉了工黨政府。人民遭受了閃電襲擊、撤離家園、定量配給和完全的技術(shù)戰(zhàn)爭，他們想把戰(zhàn)爭置之腦后，因為丘吉爾代表著戰(zhàn)爭勢力，因此現(xiàn)在他已經(jīng)成為歷史。9.參考答案：B[解析]英國的3份通俗星期日報是《世界新聞報》、《星期日鏡報》和《人民報》。B項《太陽報》屬通俗日報。10.參考答案：D[解析]美國總統(tǒng)可以發(fā)布規(guī)章、制度和指示，這些被稱為行政命令，對聯(lián)邦機構(gòu)具有法律約束力。11.參考答案：A[解析]伊麗莎白一世時期，摧毀西班牙的無敵艦隊這一事件，顯示了英國作為海上強國的優(yōu)勢。12.參考答案：InIrelandthebasicethnicstockisCeltic,withamixtureofNorse,French,NormanandEnglish.13.參考答案：B[解析]聯(lián)合王國是君主立憲制國家，國家首腦是國王或女王。實際上君主統(tǒng)而不治。14.參考答案：Thechiefweaknesswasthedocumentfailedtosetupagovernmentthatcouldfunction.15.參考答案：Fornearly400yearsBritainwasundertheRomanoccupation.16.參考答案：A[解析]1422年亨利去世。此后法國人民在民族女英雄圣女貞德的鼓舞下，把英軍驅(qū)逐出了法國。17.參考答案：Thestockmarketcrashof1929:OnOct.24,1929tensofmillionsofsharesweredumpedonthestockmarket,drivingdownthesharepricesandwipingoutbillionsofdollarsofpaperprofits.Thestockmarketcrashwasthebeginningofalongeconomicdepression.18.參考答案：D[解析]美國文學(xué)中，《湯姆叔叔的小屋》和《根》這兩部小說生動地描述了黑人奴隸的悲慘生活。19.參考答案：C[解析]美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)是以私營為主的自由市場經(jīng)濟(jì)；私有成分在經(jīng)濟(jì)中所占的比例比任何其他發(fā)達(dá)國家都大得多。然而，政府仍是美國經(jīng)濟(jì)中的重要組成部分。國家的多數(shù)基礎(chǔ)工業(yè)被少數(shù)幾家公司控制。20.參考答案：B[解析]1170年，盎格魯—撒克遜人入侵愛爾蘭，他們逐漸控制了這個島。英國人和愛爾蘭人之間的沖突持續(xù)了近800年。21.參考答案：C[解析]到1900年，美國有鐵路19.3萬英里。22.參考答案：B[解析]澳大利亞面積770萬平方公里，是世界上最小的一個大洲。但澳大利亞是一個大國，是繼俄國、加拿大、中國、巴西和美國之后的世界上第六大國。澳大利亞是惟一的只包含有一個國家的大洲。23.參考答案：Itislargelyfinancedbypublicfunds,tuitionfeespaidthroughtheawardssystemandincomechargedbyinstitutionsforresearchandotherpurposes.24.參考答案：D[解析]圣誕時，家里要裝飾上五顏六色的紙帶、冬青樹和槲寄生植物的樹葉，以及朋友寄來的迷人的賀卡。角落的大花盆里有棵小冷杉樹，這是“圣誕樹”，其枝條裝飾有發(fā)光的小飾物和彩燈，有時還掛上禮物。25.參考答案：C[解析]從1947年到1952年初，美國向歐洲共投入130億美元的援助，西歐恢復(fù)了生產(chǎn)，并開始顯露出發(fā)展的跡象。26.參考答案：babyboom:Babyboomreferstothegreatincreaseofbirthratebetween1946and1964.Peopleborninthisperiodarecalledbabyboomers.27.參考答案：D[解析]光禿禿的、人煙稀少的加拿大北部地區(qū)占整個國土的4/5，盡管該地區(qū)氣候惡劣，但成千上萬頃的森林、豐富的礦產(chǎn)資源和許多水資源都在開發(fā)中。28.參考答案：C[解析]愛德華三世于1887年對法宣戰(zhàn)，英法戰(zhàn)爭一打就持續(xù)了百年。29.參考答案：C[解析]澳大利亞絕大多數(shù)人是來自30多個國家的移民或他們的后代子孫。這些人來自其他國家，有著不同的生活方式，通常還有不同的語言、宗教信仰、服飾、風(fēng)俗、食物以及不同的體育愛好，近年來，澳大利亞政府鼓勵具有不同民族背景的人們保持他們自己的文化。這種政策被稱為多元文化主義。30.參考答案：TheforerunnersoftheLiberalPartyinBritainwereWhigs.31.參考答案：TheHouseofLordsismadeupoftheLordsSpiritualandtheLordsTemporal.32.參考答案：C[解析]為了逃避宗教迫害，新教徒們離開英國到荷蘭的菜頓生活。盡管那里氣氛比較寬容，但他們擔(dān)心如果不采取措施，他們的子孫就會變成荷蘭人。于是在1620年，201個英國清教徒乘坐一艘叫“五月花號”的船來到新大陸。33.參考答案：A[解析]郵電服務(wù)(不包括電話)、鐵路系統(tǒng)和國防工業(yè)由聯(lián)邦政府、州政府或和地方政府三級分別管理。34.參考答案：C[解析]開放大學(xué)是非住宿大學(xué)，以白金漢郡的新城彌爾頓·凱恩斯為基地。之所以叫開放大學(xué)是因為她對所有要上學(xué)的人“開放”。該大學(xué)于1969年成立，1970年開設(shè)第一門課程。35.參考答案：GreatBritainhashadthegreatestinfluencebecauseAustraliawassettledasaBritishcolony．36.參考答案：B37.參考答案：FlyingDoctors:ItisspecialhealthservicewhichprovidesmedicalcareforpeoplelivinginisolatedareasinAustralia.Doctorstravelbyplanefromtheirbaseandkeepintouchwiththeirpatientsbyradio.38.參考答案：D[解析]溫哥華島是一個極為重要的不凍港，也是加拿大到太平洋的主要通道及太平洋沿岸最大的貨運港口。39.參考答案：WilliamⅠgavelargeestatestohisbaronsbecausehewantedtogetapromiseofmilitaryserviceandaproportionof