2023年自考類英語自考英語閱讀(二)歷年高頻考題帶答案難題附詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）第1卷一.歷年考點試題黑鉆版(共50題)1.Therearealargenumberofdietingprogramstobefoundonline,eachpromisingyousignificantweightloss.Expertswarnpeopleagainstgoingforanyandeverydietprogram.Ifyourdietistoostrictyoumightharmyourhealth.Yourmotiveshouldbetoloseweightinahealthyway.

Strictdietingisanu______wayoflosingweight.2.Monkeysarejustoneofmanykindsofanimalsthathelpimprove-orevensave—humanlives.Butnotallanimalsaresuitedtodoeveryjob.Certainanimalsare"hired"forspecificjobsbasedontheirtraits,orcharacteristics.Byusingdifferentmethodsofconditioning,humanscanteachanimalstoperformextraordinarytask.

T______differentanimalsindifferentways.3.Livinginthecity,peoplecanparticipateinthepoliticalandculturalactivitiesandseethelatestfilms.Therearegoodschoolsforchildrentostudyinthecity.Andtherearebigdepartmentstoresforresidentstobuyagreatvarietyofgoodsproducedineverypartoftheworld.

It'sgoodtoL______inthecity.4.Doyoucheckyourworkemailswhenyou'reonholiday?Doyoucallyourcolleaguestoaskwhat'shappeningintheofficeevenonadayoff?Whenyouseenosignalonyourmobilephoneinabusyshoppingcentreornowifiinthehotelbythebeach,willyougetanxious?

Typicalsignsofaw______.5.Whatmakesonepersonmoreintelligentthananother?Whatmakesonepersonagenius,likethebrilliantAlbertEinstein,andarcherpersonafool?Arepeoplebornintelligentorstupid,orisintelligencetheresultofwhereandhowyoulive?Theseareveryoldquestionsandtheanswerstothemarestillnotdear.

D______aboutproblemsintermsofpeople'smind.6.Someofthedestructionisdirectlycausedbythequakeitself.Otherdamageresultsfromlandslides,largeoceanwavesormajorfiresthatareinitiatedbythequake.

Earthquakeisr______forvastamountofdestruction.7.InthecityofCorinththereoncelivedawonderfulsingerwhosenamewasArlion.Nootherpersoncouldplayonthelyreorsingsosweetlyashe,andthesongswhichhecomposedwerefamousinmanylands.

Thebriefintroductionofam______.8.Theproblemofkidswithgunscannotbeoverstatedinviewofrecenttrendsingun-relatedkillingsamongyouth.9.Itisdifficulttoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutmemory.Themeaningsofthousandsofeverydayperceptions,thebasesforthedecisionswemake,andtherootsofourhabitsandskillsaretobefoundinourpastexperiences,whicharebroughtintothepresentbymemory.

Thef______ofmemory.10.Youwillunderstandthisbetter,perhaps,ifIgiveyousomefamiliarexamples.Youhaveallhearditrepeatedthatmenofscienceworkbymeansofinductionanddeduction,thatbythehelpoftheseoperations,they,inasortofsense,managetoextractfromNaturecertainnaturallaws,andthatoutofthese,bysomespecialskilloftheirown,theybuilduptheirtheories.Anditisimaginedbymanythattheoperationsofthecommonmindcanbebynomeanscomparedwiththeseprocesses,andthattheyhavetobeacquiredbyasortofspecialtraining.

S______workbymeansofinductionanddeduction.11.Today,avarietyofsafetytestsisconductedonawiderangeofchemicalsandproducts,includingdrugs,vaccines,cosmetics,householdcleaners,pesticides,industrialchemicals,foodstuffs,andpackingmaterials.Themostthoroughtestingisreservedfordrugsandproductsthatwillbeusedinoronfoodstuffs.

Thet______ofsafetytesting.12.Afactoryisoftenthepropertyofasocietyoragovernment,ratherthanthepropertyofoneperson.13.Skilledcomputercriminalscanbreakintoacomputersystemfarmoreeasilythananarmedrobbercangainaccesstoabankvault,andusuallywithfarlessriskofapprehensionandpunishment.14.Willpowerisnotsomeunchangeablecharacteristicswearebornwith.Itisskillthatcanbedeveloped,strengthenedandtargetedtohelpusachieveourgoals.Foreveryobstaclewewanttoovercome,weneedwillpower,whichisaninnerstrengththatwillpushustoconfrontchallengeandkeepusgoing.

Willpowercanben______.15.AyoungladywhowasfondofShakespearevisitedStratford-on-Avonandlikedeverythingshesawthere.Whenshereachedtherailwaystation,shelookedroundandcried,"Ho,IthinkIlikethismostofall!HerethegreatmastermusthavecometotakethetraintoLondon,justasIamdoing."

Thepassageisnothingbutaj______.16.Wedonotrealizehowmuchwedependontheearth'sgravityuntilwearedeprivedofit.17.Hehadagreatdealofintelligence;andifIhadhadleisureIthinkImighthavetrainedhimtosomekindofgoodbehavior,thoughIdespairedofhisthievingdisposition.18.Hereisonewayitisdone.Therobotisgivencertaininformationaboutthesizeandshapeofabaseball.Thenitanalyzespicturestakenbyits"eye",whichisreallyacamera.Therobottransformsthethousandsofdotsthatcomposethepictureintozeroesandones,dependingonhowdarkeachdotis.

Robot'ss______forplayingbaseball.19.Thepopularityofrivalriesfueledtheattractionofthegame(baseball)andcausedittobecomethenationalpastime.Thesporttransformedfrombeingagameofamateursintoasportplayedbyprofessionals.Withthattransformation,theinnocenceofbaseballhadbeenlost.

Baseballt______toaprofessionalsport.20.FromchildhoodBillGateswasintelligentandcompetitive.Inschool,hehadexcellentrecordsinmathematicsandscience.ItwasaveryimportantdecisioninBill'slifethathisparentssenthimtoaprivateschool,anditwastherethathewasintroducedtoacomputer.BillGatesandhisfriendsformedthe"ProgrammersGroup"inlate1968.Inthenextyear,theygottheirfirstopportunityinInformationSciences.

Theg______ofBillGates.21.Probablythemostprimitivereasonforteenagerebelliousnessisphysicalinnature.Ataboutthebeginningofadolescence,childrenareundergoingprofoundhormonalchangesastheirbodiesgothroughpuberty.Theirbodiesaretellingthemthattheyarenolongerchildren,andyettheirparentsarestilltreatingthemaschildren.

Reasonswhyteenagersr______theirparents.22.Willpowerisnotsomeunchangeablecharacteristicswearebornwith.Itisskillthatcanbedeveloped,strengthenedandtargetedtohelpusachieveourgoals.Foreveryobstaclewewanttoovercome,weneedwillpower,whichisaninnerstrengththatwillpushustoconfrontchallengeandkeepusgoing.

Willpowercanben______.23.Orbitingonlyaboutthreemillionmilesoutfromitsstar,theJupiter-sizegasgiantplanet,dubbedTrEs-2b,isheatedto980degreesCelsius.Yettheapparentlyinkyworldappearstoreflectalmostnoneofthestarlightthatshinesonit.

Ad______planetthatreflectsalmostnolight.24.ThesinglelargestcauseofsickleaveintheUKisnotthecommoncoldorflu,butbackpain.BackpainaffectsoneinthreeBritishadults,andisnotoriouslydifficulttotreat.Traditionally,doctorsintheUKhaveadvisedbackpainsuffererstodostretchingexercisesandtakepainkillerswhennecessary.Butnowanewsolution:acupuncturehasbeenofficiallyendorsedbytheNHS.

B______anditstreatments.25.Whenpricesclimbfasterthanpeople'sincomes,familiessoonerorlaterareforcedtocutbackonbuyinginordertomakeeachendmeet.26.Asleadersandprofessionals,wearecalledupontobeatourbestallofthetime.Notonlydoweneedtomaintainandimprovepersonalperformance,butweasprojectmanagersandprogrammanagersarefrequentlyresponsiblefortheperformanceofothers.Onechallengeishowwemanagemanyofourpositiveandnegativefeelingsthatinevitablycomeourwayinthecourseofourprofessionalendeavors.

Leadersandprofessionalsshouldknowhowtoc______theirpersonalfeelings.27.Mostmammalscansprintfasterthanhumans—havingfourlegsgivesthemtheadvantage.Butwhenitcomestolongdistances,humanscanoutrunalmostanyanimal.Becausewecoolbysweatingratherthanpanting,wecanstaycoolatspeedsanddistancesthatwouldoverheatotheranimals.

Human'sefficientc______system.28.Tuitionforprivateforprofittradeschoolsthatusuallyspecializeinonefield,suchashairstylingorautomechanics,varieswidely.29.However,allcountriesdonotbenefittothesamedegreefromthisprograminmedicineandhygiene.30.Intheoverallcrimemix,thesharpdeclineincrimeamongthelargeadultpopulationhaseclipsedtherisingcrimerateamongtherelativelysmallpopulationofteens.31.Besidestheacademicdegree,teachersshouldalsobeinterestedinteaching.Itwasnecessarynotonlythatteachersshouldbeknowledgeableintheirmajorfields,butalsothattheyshouldbeskillful.Inaddition,theteachermusthaveproficiencyinthetargetlanguagethatincludesfourskills:understanding,speaking,readingandwriting.

Itisreallyd______tobeateacher.32.Theylivehandtomouth,daytoday,anddonothaveenoughincometosupporttheirdailyexistence—muchlessputsomethingasideforretirement.33.Theproblemofunsupervisedyouthdoesnotendnorthesolutionnecessarilybeginwiththebreakdownofthetraditionalfamily.34.Programmingrobotstointerpretwhattheirsensorspickupisatoughtask.Remember,siliconbrainshandleinformation,includingsensorydata,aszeroesandones.Imaginethedifficultyintryingtoexplaintoarobotwhatabaseballlookslike—usingonlyzeroesandones.

D______forrobotplayingbaseball.35.Willpowerisnotsomeunchangeablecharacteristicswearebornwith.Itisskillthatcanbedeveloped,strengthenedandtargetedtohelpusachieveourgoals.

Willpowercanben______.36.Ittakestimeforthemtoprepareforthegreatchangesthatoccurinspace.Whenthespaceshipleavestheearthattremendousspeed,theastronautsfeelasiftheyarebeingcrushedagainstthespaceshipfloor.Later,whentheyleavethezoneoftheearth'sgravitation,theyareunabletostayinoneplace.

Problemsforastronautstoo______whentravelingtospace.37.Loveplaysaveryimportantpartinthisworldtoday.Itisdifficulttoimaginewhattheywouldbelikeiftherewerenoloveforeachother.

Tolivewithoutl______ismiserable.38.Hewasveryfondofboiledmeat,particularlyboiledfish,andwasconstantlypickingbones.39.ThereareactuallytwocrimetrendsongoinginAmerica—onefortheyoungandoneforthemature,whicharemovinginoppositedirections.40.Tobeabletoaffordtheseitemsandstillhavemoneyleftfornonessentialssuchastravelandentertainment,mostfamiliesfindthemselveseconomizingandwatchingtheirpennies.41.ThenameoftheRussianastronautwhoperformedthisfeatwasLeonov,andthedateofhiswalkinspacewasMarch18,1965.42.Somepessimisticexpertsfeelthattheautomobileisboundtofallintodisuse.Theyseeadayinthenot-too-distantfuturewhenallautoswillbeabandonedandallowedtorust.Otherauthorities,however,thinktheautoisheretostay.Theyholdthatthecar-willremainaleadingmeansofurbantravelintheforeseeablefuture.

Possiblep______ofautomobiles.43.Risingcarbondioxidelevelsleadstoglobalwarming.Theindustrializedworldhasbeenthemainprotagonistgiventhatcarbondioxidelastsabout100yearsintheatmosphere,butasthedevelopingnationsbecomeincreasinglymechanizedandurbanized,thebalanceisshifting.Indeed,thecarbonemissionsofAsiamorethandoubledfrom1990onwards.

Developingcountriesp______morecarbonemissionsthanbefore.44.Whilemanypoliceofficialscanlegitimatelyfeelgratifiedaboutthearrestedcrimerate—betterthatitbedownthanup—thereismuchmoretothegreatcrimedropstory.45.MostcommutersinMunich,Germany,spendhoursstuckintrafficortryingtosqueezeintooneoftheovercrowdedsubwaytrains,everymorning,butfor40-year-oldBenjaminDavid,commutingisactuallyarelaxingexperience.Everyday,hejumpsintotheIsarRiverandswimstwokilometerstohisworkplaceinKulturstrand.

Adifferentwaytoa______heavytraffic.46.Teachingandlearningaretwoentirelydifferentprocesses.Theydifferinkindandfunction.Thefunctionofteachingistocreatetheconditionsandtheclimatethatwillmakeitpossibleforchildrentodevisethemostefficientsystemforteachingthemselvestoread.Teachingisalsopublicactivity.Itcanbeseenandobserved.

Teachingandlearningdifferinkindandf______.47.Allplantsandanimalsthathavebeenstudiedcarefully(includinghumans)seemtohavebuild-inclocks.Theyknowthetimenaturallyandcorrectlywithoutanyhelpfromoutside.

Tohaveab______clock.48.Onesystemusingsolarenergytocleanuppollutioninwaterhasbanksofmovingmirrorsthatfocussunlightontoawaterfallofwastewater.Theothermethodreflectslightfromamirroredtroughontowastewaterflowingthroughglasstubes.Thesolarpurifierswillreduceconcentrationoforganicpollutantstoafewpartsperbillion.

Twomethodsforwatert______withsolarenergy.49.Increasingly,childrenarebeingraisedinhomesdisruptedbydivorceandeconomicstress;toomanychildrenemergeundersocializedandundersupervised.50.Mostfive-year-oldscanexpressthemselvesfluentlywithavarietyofwordsandcanunderstandaneven-largervarietyofwordsusedinconversationsandstories.Ifchildrenhavebeenexposed,tobooksandheardstoriesreadandtold,theyhavebeguntodevelopan-interestinwhatprintsaysandhowitisusedtoexpressideas;aconceptofstoryandstorystructure;andanunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenoralandwrittenlanguage.

Cognitiveandlanguaged______inchildren.第1卷參考答案一.歷年考點試題黑鉆版1.參考答案：unhealthy[解析]題目可譯為“嚴格的飲食控制是一種怎樣的瘦身方法”。文章主要講了網(wǎng)上提供的一系列的節(jié)食項目貌似是在幫助人們減肥，但是專家還是警告人們應禁止節(jié)食減肥，并提倡健康的減肥方法。單詞以u開頭，又與“不健康的”意思相近的是unhealthy。答案為unhealthy。2.參考答案：Train[解析]本段主題句為最后一句，Byusingdifferentmethods...humanscanteachanimalsto...，即“人們用不同方法訓練不同的動物”。“訓練”用train，文中的teach是個表示泛指含義的詞，train常用來指訓練。答案為Train。3.參考答案：live[解析]本段落的主旨是住在城市比較好。因為城市里有好的學校、大的超市，比較便利。答案為live。4.參考答案：workaholic5.參考答案：Doubt[解析]本段話說，什么使一個人比另一個人聰明?聰明是天生的呢還是后天養(yǎng)成的，這些老問題的答案到現(xiàn)在仍然不是很清楚。intelligent和fool這些大腦的思考能力的特性屬于intermsofpeople'smind。不確定，疑問是doubt。答案為Doubt。6.參考答案：responsible[解析]本段落的主旨是地震是造成巨大破壞的直接原因。答案為responsible。7.參考答案：musician[解析]本段落的主旨是對音樂家Arion的簡要介紹。答案為musician。8.參考答案：考慮到年輕人持槍犯罪的最近趨勢，青少年持槍的問題已不再是被過分夸大。[解析]這是一個簡單句，直譯即可。其中，inviewof考慮到。9.參考答案：function10.參考答案：Scientists[解析]本段落的主旨是科學家通過歸納和演繹來進行工作。答案為Scientists。11.參考答案：types[解析]本段落的主旨是安全檢測的種類。答案為types。12.參考答案：工廠常常是社會或政府的財產(chǎn)，而不是哪一個人的財產(chǎn)。[解析]這是一個簡單句，可直譯。其中ratherthan指而不是。13.參考答案：熟練的電腦罪犯進入銀行金庫的電腦系統(tǒng)比武裝劫匪闖入要容易得多，而其被捕和受懲罰的風險卻很小。[解析]breakinto強行進入；gainaccessto進入……途徑；withfarlessriskofapprehensionandpunishment，在這兒做狀語，做補充說明。14.參考答案：nurtured[解析]本段落的主旨是意志力是可以培養(yǎng)的。意志力并不是我們與生俱來的不可改變的特質(zhì)，它可以不斷地發(fā)展、加強，最終幫助我們達到目標。當我們遇到挫折的時候，意志力可以幫助我們克服困難，繼續(xù)前行。答案為nurtured。15.參考答案：joke[解析]Thepassageisnothingbutajoke.本段講一位年輕的喜歡莎士比亞的女士去莎士比亞故鄉(xiāng)旅行時鬧的笑話。答案為joke。16.參考答案：只有在失去地球引力之后．我們才意識到我們多么依賴它。[解析]howmuchwedepend...ofit是由howmuch引導的賓語從句；dependon依賴。17.參考答案：很聰明。如果我有時間，我想我本來可以教給它一些規(guī)矩，盡管它偷東西很讓我失望。[解析]agreatdealof大量的；ifI...behavior是由if引導的條件狀語從句。despairof對……很失望。18.參考答案：system[解析]本段落的主旨是機器人打棒球的方法。人們把棒球的大小和形狀以圖片的形式呈現(xiàn)，而后以數(shù)字代碼“0”和“1”的形式輸出。答案為system。19.參考答案：transformed[解析]本段落的主旨是棒球轉(zhuǎn)變成一種職業(yè)性運動。棒球在以前只是人們娛樂時的一種體育項目，而今卻轉(zhuǎn)變成了職業(yè)選手參加的體育比賽項目。答案為transformed。20.參考答案：growth21.參考答案：rebel[解析]題目可澤為“青少年為什么……家長的原因”。文章主要講了青少年反叛是因為身體的變化暗示了他們的成長，但是父母對待他們依然像孩子一樣。單詞以r開頭，與“反叛”意思相近的是rebel。答案為rebel。22.參考答案：nurtured[解析]本段落的主旨是意志力是可以培養(yǎng)的。意志力并不是我們與生俱來的不可改變的特質(zhì)，它可以不斷地發(fā)展、加強，最終幫助我們達到目標。當我們遇到挫折的時候，意志力可以幫助我們克服困難，繼續(xù)前行。答案為nurtured。23.參考答案：dark[解析]本段主要講了一顆像朱庇特那么大的星球TrES-2B以三百萬公里的距離圍繞著自己的行星繞轉(zhuǎn)，這顆星球的表面很灰暗，并沒有反射任何一顆行星的光。段中的關(guān)鍵詞inky為我們提供了信息，由此我們可以總結(jié)出主題句應為一顆很黑暗沒有反射星光的行星。答案為dark。24.參考答案：Backache25.參考答案：當物價上漲超過人們的收入水平時，為了保證收支平衡，家家戶戶遲早得減少消費。[解析]whenprices...endmeet為時間狀語從句；soonerorlater遲早；beforcedtodosth.強迫做某事；makeeachendmeet指為了保證收支平衡。26.參考答案：control27.參考答案：cooling[解析]本段主要列舉了猛犸象可以在短程中跑得比人快的例子，但是在長跑中，人類可以超越任何的動物。原因是我們可以通過出汗而不是喘氣來使身體降溫，因此在長跑中能保持身體涼爽，但是動物在長跑中會變得越來越熱。段中的關(guān)鍵詞cool給我們提供了信息，因此我們可以總結(jié)出這段主要講了人類的降溫系統(tǒng)。答案為cooling。28.參考答案：以贏利為目的，專注于美發(fā)或機械自動化等某個領域的學校通常收取學費的差別很大。[解析]thatusuallyspecializein...widely為由that引導的定語從句，來作schools的定語；specializein指專營。29.參考答案：并不是所有國家都從醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生的進步中得到同樣多的實惠。[解析]benefitfrom指從中獲利。這是一個簡單句，可直譯。30.參考答案：在各類案件中，人口數(shù)量占優(yōu)的成年人犯罪率驟降已掩蓋了人口數(shù)量相對較少的青少年犯罪率的攀升。4[解析]Intheoverallcrimemix指在各類案件中；thesharpdecline指急劇下降。31.參考答案：musician[解析]本段落的主旨是對老師的要求越來越高。老師不僅要有扎實的專業(yè)知識，而且要具備聽、說、讀、寫的能力。答案為demanding。32.參考答案：他們的收入僅夠糊口，日復一日，沒有足夠