Unit2

EnglishConsonants:Stops

/p//b//t//d//k//g/1

PlaceofarticulationMannerofarticulationBilabialLabio-DentalDentalAlveolarPalato-alveolarPalatalVelarGlotal

Plosive(清)(濁)pbtdkɡFricative(清)(濁)fvθesz??hAffricate(清)(濁)??Nasalmn?LaterallApproximantwrjEnglishConsonantsPronunciationPowerdemo2ListeningExercise–

Sounddiscrimination

1. pat bat2. pond bond3. pie buy4. lap lab5. rope robe6. rapid rabid7. napped nabbed8. staple stable9. ten den10. tuck duck11. kitty kiddy12. writing riding13. matter madder14. feet feed15. right ride16. shoot shooed17. came game18. cash gash19. coast ghost20. lacking lagging21. pick pig22. duck dug23. lock log24. sacking sagging3

ListeningExercise–Soundsforinformation

1.

Thespeakerwantstohavealookatthe_______. A.cart B.card 2. Whatwasthegirldoing? A.Sopping. B.Sobbing. 3. Theyweretalkingabout__________them. A.stabling B.stapling 4.

Themanmustbefondof________. A.writing B.riding 5.

Thespeakerwaslookingforthe__________. A.bills B.pills 6.

Whatdidthemando? A.Hehitthedog. B.Hehidthedog. 7.

Theboyswere_________. A.praying B.playing 8.

Thenewteacherlikeshisnew___________. A.class B.glass 9.

Thegirlsaregoingto_________. A.docleaning B.collectthings 10.

Whataretheygoingtodo? A.Tryit. B.Dryit.

4ListeningExercise–

Soundsforinformation

Canwehavealookatyourcart,please?Itwasrainingsohardthatthegirlstartedsopping.Theyweretalkingaboutstablingthem.Hespendshoursridingeveryday.Wherearethebills?Irememberputtingthemonthedesk.Didyousaythemanhidthedog?Didtheboysenjoypraying?Icanseethenewteacherlikeshisnewglass.Howwillthegirlscleanthem?Theyhavetotryit.5SpeakingExercise--soundsforinformation

1. Wecanseealotofpeasinthegarden.Wecanseealotofbeesinthegarden.2. Wewerenotabletogettherebecauseofthepricks.Wewerenotabletogettherebecauseofthebricks.3. Didn'tyouseethetensecrowdinfrontofthebuilding?Didn'tyouseethedensecrowdinfrontofthebuilding?4. Alltheriversbenttotheeast.Alltheriversbendtotheeast.5. Canyoutellifitisagoodlock?Canyoutellifitisagoodlog?6. Whatareyougoingtodowithyourcoat?Whatareyougoingtodowithyourgoat?7. Howarewegoingtopraiseit?Howarewegoingtobraiseit?8. Don'ttalkaboutthecreed.Don'ttalkaboutthegreed.9. Arewegoingtotryit?Arewegoingtodryit?10. Whoisgoingtocleanallthis?Whoisgoingtogleanallthis?6SpeakingExercise–soundsinperceptionandproduction1.a.Howdoyouspell"toe"? TOE.b.Howdoyouspell"dough"? DOUGH.2.a.Where'sthecart? Ontheroad.b.Where'sthecard? Onthetable.3.a.Didyousay"Theyboughtthefloor?" Yes.Theyboughtityesterday.b.Didyousay"Theyboardthefloor?" Yes.Theydiditthemselves.4.a.Whatdoes"fate"mean? Apowercontrollingone'slife.b.Whatdoes"fade"mean? Todisappeargradually.5.a.Whatdoyouthinkofthenewcard? It'sbeautiful.b.Whatdoyouthinkofthenewguard? He'ssmart.6.a.Howareyougoingtocleanthem? We'llwashthem.b.Howareyougoingtogleanthem? It'sdifficulttogetthedetails.7.a.Lookatthoseclamorousgirls! Theyareexcitedaboutthegame.b.Lookatthoseglamorousgirls! Theyarebeautiful,aren'tthey?8.a.Whoisgoingtotrainthem? Totraintheplayers?b.Whoisgoingtodrainthem? Thewaterflowsawaybyitself.9.a.Peoplewerecomplainingaboutthecrime. Becauseweneedasafercity.b.Peoplewerecomplainingaboutthegrime. Becauseweneedacleanercity.10.a.Doyouknowhowtostaplethem? Youneedastapler.b.Doyouknowhowtostablethem? Youputtheminthestable.7Readingaloud–

FastfoodFast-foodrestaurantsareverypopularbecausetheserviceisfastandthefoodisinexpensive.Formanypeople,thisismoreimportantthanthequalityofthefood.Theserestaurantsarealsopopularbecausethefoodisalwaysthesame.Peopleknowthatiftheyeatatacompany’srestaurantinthenorthorsouthofthecity,thefoodwillbethesame.IftheyeatinNewYorkorLondon,itwillstillbethesame.FastserviceandlowcostareimportantintheUnitedStates.Onereasonisthatabout50percentofallmarriedwomenwithchildrenworkoutsidethehome.Theyaretoobusyandtootiredtocookdinnereverynight.8Readingaloud– Identifywordsthatarestressedfirst. Payspecialattentiontothepronunciationofstops.Fast-foodrestaurantsareverypopular.Theserviceisfast.Thefoodisinexpensive.Thisismoreimportantthanthequalityofthefood.Theserestaurantsarealsopopular.Thefoodisalwaysthesame.Theyeatatacompany’srestaurant.Therestaurantsareinthenorthorsouthofthecity.Thefoodwillbethesame.IftheyeatinNewYorkorLondon,itwillstillbethesame.FastserviceisimportantintheUnitedStates.LowcostisalsoimportantintheUnitedStates.About50percentofmarriedwomenworkoutsidethehome.Manymarriedwomenwithchildrenareworkingoutsidethehome.Theyaretoobusyandtootiredtocookdinnereverynight.9Readingaloud– Identifywordsthatarestressedfirst. Payspecialattentiontothepronunciationofstops.Fast-food

restaurantsarevery

popular.Theserviceisfast.Thefoodisinexpensive.Thisismore

importantthanthequalityofthefood.These

restaurantsarealso

popular.Thefoodisalwaysthesame.Theyeatatacompany’srestaurant.Therestaurantareinthenorthorsouthofthecity.Thefoodwillbethesame.IftheyeatinNew

YorkorLondon,itwillstill

bethesame.Fast

serviceisimportantintheUnited

States.Low

costisalso

importantintheUnited

States.About

50

percentofmarried

women

work

outsidethehome.Many

married

womenwithchildrenareworking

outsidethehome.Theyaretoo

busyand

too

tired

tocook

dinner

every

night.10Listen&Imitate11Listen&ImitateD: Hi,Gloria.Howisitgoing?G: OK,Iguess.D: Gloria,thisisafriendofmine,John.G: Hi,John.J: Hi,Gloria.Gladtomeetyou.12Listen&Imitate13Listen&ImitateD: Excuseme,Idon'tthinkwe'vemetbefore.MynameisDingGuowen.G: Howdoyoudo,Prof.Ding.MynameisGeorgeWhite.D: Nicetomeetyou,Mr.White.WelcometotheEnglishDepartment.G: PleasecallmeGeorge.I'vecometoseeDavid,mybrother,whoisteachinginyourdepartment.Mymotherisheretoo.MayIpresentmymother,Mrs.White.D: Oh,howdoyoudo,Mrs.White.It'sapleasuretomeetyou.Youhavetwofineyoungsonsthere.W: Thankyou,Prof.Ding.We'reveryproudofthem.14Task1:

Makingaproperintroductiontoyourself.

StudentA=aChinesestudent;StudentB=aninternationalstudentstudyinginChinaTaketurnstobeAandBPossiblestepsSayhellotostartaconversation.Tellhim/heryourname.Tellhim/herwhoyouare.Askanythingappropriateabouthim/her.…Endyourconversationinanappropriatemanner.15Task2:

Introducingpeopleinanappropriatemanner.

GroupWork–Groupsofthree:TaketurnstobeA,BandCStudentA=aChinesestudentStudentB=aChinese(afriend,teacher…)StudentC=aforeigner(afriend,teacher…)

PossiblestepsAsayshellotostartaconversation.AintroducesBandC.BandCsayhellotoeachother.Anythingappropriate…Endtheconversationinanappropriatemanner.16Allophonicvariationsof/p/Allophone Occurrence Example

[ph]Aspiratedreleaseininitialwordandstressedpositions poke [p-]Unreleasedinwordfinalposition topten [p?]Unaspiratedreleaseinclusters,esp.after/s/ spot [p:]Lengthening,whenarresting/p/isfollowedbyareleasing/p/ StopPete. [p

~] Nasalrelease,beforeasyllabicnasal Stophim.17Allophonicvariationsof/b/Allophone Occurrence Example[b-]Unreleasedinwordfinalposition rob[b:]lengthenedwhenarresting/b/isfollowedbyareleasing/b/RobBob[b?

]Nasalresonance,beforeasyllabicnasal Robhim.

18Allophonicvariationsof/t/Allophone Occurrence Example

[th]Aspiratedreleaseininitialwordandstressedpositions tape [t-]Unreleasedinwordfinalposition coathanger [t?]Unaspiratedreleaseinclusters,esp.after/s/ stop [t:]Lengthening,whenarresting/t/isfollowedbyareleasing/t/ Getten. [t?] Nasalrelease,beforeasyllabicnasal button [t?] Dentalizedbefore/θ/ eighth [?] Flapped,intervocalically letter [

?] Glottalstop,beforesyllabic[n]or[l] button,battle19Allophonicvariationsof/d/Allophone Occurrence Example[d?]Dentalizedbeforeaninterdental width[d-]Unreleasedinwordfinalposition leadglass

[d?l]Bilateralreleasewith/l/ middle[d:]Lengthenedwhenarresting/d/isfollowedbyareleasing/d/sadDave[d?]Nasalrelease,beforeasyllabicnasal breadandbutter

20Allophonicvariationsof/k/Allophone Occurrence Example

[kh]Aspir