Unit1GreatScientistsNewworldsWarmingupDoyouknowwhatisthecenterofthesolarsystem?Canyounamethenineplanetsinthesolarsystem?NinePlanetsIntheSolarSystem

.Mercury水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars火星Jupiter木星Saturn土星Uranus天王星Neptune海王星Pluto冥王星NinePlanetsIntheSolarSystem:Mnemonics(記憶術(shù))MercuryVenusEarthMarsJupiterSaturnUranusNeptunePlutoMyVeryEasyMethod:JustSetUpNinePlanets.Canyouuseagoodmethodtomemorizethem?Fastreading1.WhatdidCopernicusthinkwasthecenterofthesolarsystem?2.WhendidCopernicuspublishhistheory?ReadingCopernicus’RevolutionaryTheoryCarefulreadingWhydidn’tCopernicuspublishhistheorybeforehedied?Discussion(pairwork)IfyouwereNicolausCopernicus,wouldyouhavehiddenyourtheoryforsomanyyears?Giveareason.P7.1.Usethereadingtohelpyoudrawthetwotheoriesoftheuniverse.BeforeCopernicus’theoryAdiagramshowingthesolarsystemwiththeearthatitscentreShowingCopernicus’theoryAdiagramshowingthesolarsystemwiththesunatitscentrePersuasivewriting(PleaserefertoP8LearningTip)WritingTask:P73.NowwriteashortletteraskingCopernicustopublishhisideassoeveryonecanreadthem.Firstyouneedtocollectyourideas.Forexample:Hebelieveshisnewtheoryistrue.Thereareproblemswiththepresenttheory.Hehasdonemanyyearsofobservationstoprovehisnewtheoryistrue.Sciencecan’tdevelopunlesspeoplepublishtheirideas.Timewillshowifhistheoryistrueornot.Hereisaplan:Beginning:TellCopernicuswhoyouareandwhyyouwanthimtopublishhisideas.Paragraph1:Reason1andevidence.Paragraph2:Reason2andevidence.Summingup:Askhimtothinkagainaboutpublishinghisideas.Onepossibleversion:DearNicolausCopernicus,IamastudentstudyingastronomyandIwouldverymuchliketoreadyournewtheoryaboutthesolarsystem.Ihopeyouwillpublishitforseveralreasons.Iunderstandtheproblemswiththepresenttheory.Thewaytheplanetsmoveisnotwhatyouwouldexpectiftheearthwasthecertreoftheuniverse.Itisalsooddthatthebrightnessofsomestarsseemstochange.SoIagreewithyouthatweneedanewtheory.Iknowyourobservationshavebeenverycarefullycarriedoutovermanyyears.Nowyoumusthavethecouragetopublishthem.Sciencecanneveradvanceunlesspeoplehavethecourageoftheirbeliefs.Iknowyouworryaboutwhatwillhappenifyoupublishyournewtheory.Nomatterhowpeopleopposeit,timewillshowifyourideasarerightorwrong.SoIhopeyouwillfeelyoucanpublishyournewtheory.Yourssincerely,ZhangHuaNicolausCopernicus

wasaPolishastronomer(1473-1543).

BorninTorun,hebeganhisuniversitystudiesinKrakowin1491,wherehestudiedcanonlawandLatinandGreekclassics.Howeverhealsohadaninterestinmathematicsandastronomy.AfterobtaininghisdegreeofDoctorofCanonLaw(教會(huì)法規(guī)博士學(xué)位)inItalyin1503,CopernicusreturnedhometoWarmiainPolandtoserveasCanon(=priest).

In1530,CopernicuscompletedhisgreatworkDeRevolutionibus(《天體運(yùn)行論》).CopernicusknewthatthesefindingswouldleadhimintotroublewiththeRomanCatholicChurch(羅馬天主教教徒),sohewasinnohurrytopublishhistheory.Heonlypublisheditashelaydyingin1543.

ThoughCopernicusdidnotlivetohearofitsextraordinaryimpact,thebookwhichfirstsuggestedthattheSun,nottheEarth,isthecentreoftheuniverseisnowrecognizedasoneofthemostinfluentialscientificworksofalltime.Adaptedfromhttp://www.library.rdg.ac.uk/colls/special/featureditem/copernicus/Listening(P5)1.QianXuesenfirststudiedtobeanengineer.2.InAmericahebegantoworkonspacerocketssothathewasabletodevelopaspaceprogrammewhenhecamebacktoChina.3.WhenQianXuesenreturnedtoChinahesepupaSpaceInstitutetobegintrainingpeopleinhowtodesignandbuildrockets.4.InChinahehasbeenhonouredas