獨(dú)特創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)A

Unique

Design多連桿獨(dú)立懸架Multi-link

Suspension————————太原理工大學(xué)晉翔車隊(duì)Taiyuan

University

of

Technology

JX

Racing

Team獨(dú)創(chuàng)“瞬軸設(shè)計(jì)法”Create

A

New

Method動(dòng)態(tài)性能出眾High

Performance自主探索總結(jié)出多連桿懸架導(dǎo)向機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)“瞬軸法”和轉(zhuǎn)向回正力矩計(jì)算方法，充分發(fā)揮了多連桿懸架的優(yōu)勢(shì)，提高了賽車的操控性能During

this

process,we

found

a

new

way

for

the

design

of

multi-link

suspension

byourselves,and

this

method

can

be

used

for

nearly

all

kinds

of

independentsuspension.太原理工大學(xué)JX.1賽車懸架采用了大學(xué)生方程式中極少用到的多連桿獨(dú)立懸架，其設(shè)計(jì)過程經(jīng)過了運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)優(yōu)化（包括懸架運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)的車輪及主銷定位參數(shù)變化、側(cè)傾中心布置及載荷轉(zhuǎn)移等參數(shù)變化）、動(dòng)力學(xué)優(yōu)化（包括轉(zhuǎn)向力、反饋力等）、輕量化設(shè)計(jì)和制造成本優(yōu)化JX.1racing

car

of

TYUTwas

designed

using

multi-linksuspension，which

is

hardlyused

in

Formula

Student.

Wedesigned

it

with

consideringof

kinematic，dynamic，lightweight

and

producingcost

optimizing.——————————————————————————概述SummaryWhy

is

multi-link?高性能Performance調(diào)節(jié)自由Adjustable設(shè)計(jì)自由度Design

Possibilities受力良好Force

Situation面向制造節(jié)約成本Easier

produce

and

Less

costFirst

of

all,

Formula

Student

is

a

engineering

design

competition

aiming

to

train

us

new

guys,

so

whywe

try

something

new?

Why

don’t

we

try

to

learn

more

from

this?多連桿獨(dú)立懸架擁有更多的控制臂，因此，精心設(shè)計(jì)的多連桿懸架可以提供更好的操控性能。Amulti-link

suspensioncontains

more

links

sothat

it

can

supply

betterhandling

performance

whenelaborate

designed.—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—多連桿懸架在很多高性能汽車上得到應(yīng)用，例如大眾輝騰、寶馬3系和5系、以及奔馳C級(jí)，他們的前后懸架均為多連桿形式。In

fact

there’s

many

high

performance

cars,

such

as

Volks

Wagon

Phaeton

,BMW

3

Class

and5

Class,

and

Mercedes

E

Class,

use

multi-link.

Besides,

without

bushings,

a

racing

car

withmulti-link

will

have

less

problems.桿系受力Force

Situation雙叉臂懸架的A臂看似是一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定的三角形，但事實(shí)上由于焊接、應(yīng)力、鉸接等需求，A臂要想受力良好需要更多的工作和成本。There’s

always

bending

force

on

an

A-arm.

An

A-arm

seems

like

a

steady

triangle,

but

in

fact

it’sweld

at

end,

so

that

the

force

can’t

betransfered

perfectly

along

bar

direction,

and

itmay

cause

some

trouble

at

the

hardpointconnecting

A-arm

and

upright.多連桿懸架的所有桿件均為二力桿，桿件結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，制造方便，成本低廉。All

the

control

arm

in

multi-link

suspension

aretwo-force

members

with

simple

structure,

whichmeans

we

can

use

thinner

bars,

cheaperballjoints，and

less

cost

for

producing.

It

doesgreat

help

for

lightweightand

volume-produce.設(shè)計(jì)空間Design

Possibilities試想，三維空間中的五個(gè)桿件可以組合多少種可能？更多的連桿提供給了我們更大的設(shè)計(jì)空間。多連桿懸架可以實(shí)現(xiàn)更好的性能，也能實(shí)現(xiàn)更自由的布局。這提供給設(shè)計(jì)者更多的方便，可根據(jù)需要自由協(xié)調(diào)平衡。同時(shí)，設(shè)計(jì)自由度更大的多連桿懸架可能讓你的車看起來的確與眾不同。Try

to

imagine

what

amazing

can

be

done

with

five

links

in

3D

space?

More

control

arms

supply

usmore

possibilities

in

design

than

only

two

A-arms.

Multi-link

can

achieve

better

performance(suchas

steering

wheel

feed

back,

and

kinematic

stuff)

or

better

package,

you

can

balance

it

duringthe

design.自由調(diào)節(jié)AdjustableDouble

A-arm

often

has

fixedstructure,

or

use

some

complexdesign

to

make

it

adjustable,

andmost

of

them

cannot

adjustcamber

and

kingpin

inclinationseparately.雙A臂懸架通常具有難于調(diào)整

的結(jié)構(gòu)，或者需要更復(fù)雜一點(diǎn)

的設(shè)計(jì)來實(shí)現(xiàn)某個(gè)參數(shù)的可調(diào)。由于多連桿懸架沒有實(shí)際的主

銷，它可以通過調(diào)節(jié)控制臂的

長(zhǎng)度來實(shí)現(xiàn)車輪和主銷定位參

數(shù)的調(diào)整。在不同的比賽中，

只需擰擰螺母就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)定位

參數(shù)的微調(diào)。Multi-link

can

be

adjust

all

of

camber,

kingpin

inclination,

and

kingpin

caster,

becausethere’s

no

actual

kingpin.

The

virtual

kingpin

moves

when

change

length

of

a

control

arm.瞬軸法Instant

Axle

Method多連桿懸架的控制臂通常是空間交錯(cuò)的，“虛擬”的主銷軸線位置的確定本W(wǎng)here’s

the

kingpin身n就？是一個(gè)課題。我們獨(dú)立提出了一種新的“瞬軸法”設(shè)計(jì)多連桿懸架的方法。這種

“瞬軸法”通過基礎(chǔ)的三維建模，將復(fù)雜的空間解析問題用幾何法

表達(dá)了出來，不僅直觀可見，而

且方便于對(duì)其運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)和動(dòng)力學(xué)規(guī)

律的研究，已經(jīng)形成從“零”開始的整套多連桿懸架設(shè)計(jì)流程。A

wheel

moves

around

an

axis

called

instant

axle

at

certain

time

when

it’s

jumping

or

rebounding,

and

th

is

some

kindofgeometrical

relationship

between

control

arms

and

the

instant

axle.

Using

this

method

we

can

find

where

is

the

kingpinofa

certain

suspension,

but

also

do

it

in

opposite

direction.

You

know

the

instant

axle

does

a

lotofinfluences,

so

we

fix

instant

axle

firstly,

and

place

control

arms

by

followin

geometrical

relationship

anywhere

we

want.

This

process

can

be

done

easily

and

visually

with

a

softwareCATIA(everybody

can

use

CATIA).瞬軸法Instant

Axle

MethodIt’s

not

easy

to

design

a

multi-link

suspension,

especially

when

thewheels

are

traveling,

everything

you

designed

in

static

conditionchanges

causing

more

data

to

deal

with.

We

did

it

only

by

a

basaland

popular

software,

CATIA.

It

might

looks

stupid,

but

what

we

didis

quite

meaningful

for

us

to

understand

theory

and

principle

ofsuspension.由于懸架的跳動(dòng)，產(chǎn)生的大量動(dòng)態(tài)特性數(shù)據(jù)將使設(shè)計(jì)變得十分困難。在這里我們只用了最基礎(chǔ)的軟件——CATIA，來處理這些問題。這樣一種最簡(jiǎn)單最基礎(chǔ)的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助，對(duì)使我們更好地了解懸架理論起到了重要作用。力反饋Force

feedbackIn

a

Formula

Student

racing

car,we

don’t

have

EPS.

But

steeringforce

and

force

feedback

areimportant

for

feeling

and

controlthe

car.

At

this

point

we

also

cameup

with

a

way

found

by

ourselvesto

calculate

it.在大學(xué)生方程式的賽車上，我們沒有電子助力轉(zhuǎn)向，但是轉(zhuǎn)向力和方向盤力反饋對(duì)于操控車輛來說又十分重要。對(duì)此，我們找到了一種計(jì)算轉(zhuǎn)向力和力反饋的方法。同時(shí)，通過這種方法，我們也清晰地了解到了力反饋產(chǎn)生的機(jī)理。It

also

only

used

CATIA,

but

none

of

simulation

software.

The

method

we

found

used

calculationfunction

of

CATIA,

and

we

made

both

velocity

and

force

visible.力反饋Force

feedbackThis

is

a

sheet

containing

what

wemeasured

from

the

model

and

results

wegot

by

calculation.

Finally

we

got

a

sheetlike

right右面的表格包含了從CATIA數(shù)模中測(cè)量的項(xiàng)目和計(jì)算的結(jié)果，最終我們可以借此得到某一工況下。轉(zhuǎn)向力和力反饋的結(jié)果—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—力反饋Force

feedback我們計(jì)算了三種工況下的轉(zhuǎn)向

力和力反饋——高速小G值、中速中等G值、和大G值，分別用

于評(píng)估車輛的高速直線行駛穩(wěn)

定性、以及在常用工況和極端

工況下的轉(zhuǎn)向操縱性。最終我

們得到每種工況下的力或力矩，并通過等效來讓駕駛員在設(shè)計(jì)

的早期體會(huì)這個(gè)力值。This

We

calculated

threeconditions,

high

speed

and

lowlateral

G,

middle

speed

andmiddle

G,

and

high

G,

to

evaluatestraight

ahead

controllabilityand

cornering

controllability.We

can

get

a

torque

or

a

forcevalue

finally.—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—推桿Shock

Absorber

Pushing

Rodwe

used

a

pushing

rod

for

a

shock

absorber.Unlike

a

double

A-arm

suspension,

the

pushing

rodmoves

if

steering,

but

not

rolling.

It

might

lift

oneside

of

the

car

and

dive

the

other

side,

makingstee