合肥師范學(xué)院吳林

QQ754081226HowtodescribethepicturesTheriverwasseriouslypolluted.1/37Sometreeshavebeencutdown.

合肥師范學(xué)院吳林

QQ7540812262/37合肥師范學(xué)院吳林

QQ754081226

ThePassiveVoice(被動(dòng)語態(tài)）

3/37

語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞一個(gè)形式，表示主語和動(dòng)詞之間關(guān)系。英語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語是動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語是動(dòng)作承受者。被動(dòng)語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞一個(gè)特殊形式，普通說來，只有需要?jiǎng)幼鲗?duì)象及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

英語語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)組成

workedopenedclosed

seentaughtasked

work

close

openask

seeteache.g.由助動(dòng)詞be

+及物動(dòng)詞過去分詞（V-ed）組成。助動(dòng)詞be有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)改變。合肥師范學(xué)院吳林

QQ7540812264/37英語謂語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)WespeakEnglish.主語謂語賓語Englishisspokenbyus.主語謂語賓語賓變主,主變賓,前加by動(dòng)變被,看清be,結(jié)構(gòu)分別be+pp主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)5/37主變被解題步驟:1.找賓語----即動(dòng)作承受者They

make

shoesinthatfactory.

Shoes2.判斷賓語單復(fù)數(shù)----即be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù).arewere3.判斷動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)----即be動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài).4.修改謂語時(shí)態(tài)----即原句動(dòng)詞改為過去分詞

made5.修改原句主語----即by+主語/賓語.bythem.6/37

Tom

broke

thewindow.

Thewindow

wasbroken

byTom.

Tom

broke

thewindows.

Thewindows

werebroken

byTom.

He

broke

thewindows.

Thewindows

werebroken

byhim.

7/37

Fillintheblankswiththeproperformofthewordsgiveninthebrackets.Thebridge

(build)lastyear.TheOlympicGames

(hold)everyfouryears.Theproblem

(discuss)atthemeetingnow.Hisnewbook

(publish)nextmonth.Theclassroom

(notclean)yet.

wasbuilt

Isheldisbeingdiscussed

willbepublished

hasnotbeencleaned

8/37Readtext-1

6.

Themachine

(repair)atthistimeyesterday.7.Shesaidthereport

(type)byLiMeifortwoweeks.8.MissLisaidthebook

(give)tothestudentsthenextmorning.9.BytheendofnexttermtwothousandEnglishwords

(learn).10.Hesaidtheproject.(finish)by.

合肥師范學(xué)院吳林

QQ754081226wasbeingrepairedhadbeentypedwouldbegiven

willhavebeenlearnedwouldhavebeenfinished

9/37Readtext-2

Whencanweusethepassivevoice?不知道動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是誰，或沒有必要指出動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者時(shí)。

Mybikewasstolenlastnight.

昨晚我自行車被偷了。Lettersarecollectedateighteverymorning.

信件天天早晨八點(diǎn)收取。ThedeskwasmadebyMasterWang.

這張課桌是王師傅做。

Thebagwastakenawaybyhissister.

那個(gè)口袋是她姐姐提走。合肥師范學(xué)院吳林

QQ7540812262.為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作承受者時(shí)。10/37Article1_popwin_title3.為了更加好地安排句子。Thewell-knownpersongotonthebusandwasimmediatelyrecognizedbypeople.（一個(gè)主語就夠了）那個(gè)名人一上車就立刻被大家認(rèn)出來了。Ihaveanewskirt.Itwasgiventomeasabirthdaypresentbymyaunt.我有條新裙子。它是我阿姨送給我作為生日禮品。4.在上下文中，為了使句子間連接緊密時(shí)。如：11/37Article1_popwin_headforHowtochangetheactivevoiceintothepassivevoice?

將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中主語，將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)椤癰e+過去分詞”形式，將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中主語變?yōu)榻樵~by賓語(若動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者沒有必要說明則能夠省略該by短語)。

把SVO（主動(dòng)賓）句型主動(dòng)句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)句，原句中賓語作被動(dòng)句主語。

e.g.LiLeiplantedthetreelastyear.→ThetreewasplantedbyLiLeilastyear.WorkersmadethemachinesinChangsha.→ThemachinesweremadeinChangsha.基本方法12/37

2.

把SVoO（主動(dòng)間賓直賓）主動(dòng)句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)句，慣用原句中間接賓語作被動(dòng)句中主語。

Article1_popwin_tape.g.Theygaveheraprize.→Shewasgivenaprize.XiaoLi’sbrothertaughthimEnglish.→

XiaoLiwastaughtEnglishbyhisbrother.e.g.Hepaintedthedoorgreenyesterday.→Thedoorwaspaintedgreenyesterday.WecalledthestudentCleverHans.→Thestudentwascalled

CleverHans.3.

SVOC（主動(dòng)賓賓補(bǔ)）句型轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)句時(shí)，原句中賓語補(bǔ)語就成為主語補(bǔ)語。13/37Article2_popwin_pullover4.短語動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí)，通常被看作是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，后面介詞或副詞不能拆開或省略。e.g.Theylookedafterthechildrenwell.→Thechildrenwerewelllookedafter.

Wehasputoffthemeetingtillnextweek.→

Themeetinghasbeen

putofftillnextweek.e.g.LiLeitoldusthattheteacherpraisedhimtoday.→WeweretoldthatLiLeiwaspraisedbytheteachertoday.5.復(fù)合句主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，復(fù)合句中主句和從句都須同時(shí)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)。如：14/37Article2_popwin_radio英語中用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)幾個(gè)特殊情況2.一些“be+形容詞+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式通常要用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義：

連系動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，它們沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。但有些表示感受、感官連系動(dòng)詞(如look,sound,smell,feel,taste等)可用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)：Thebuildinglooksverybeautiful.

這座建筑看上去很美。Hervoicesoundedquitesweet.她聲音聽起來非常甜美。Thebookisdifficulttounderstand.

這書極難懂。Themusicisn’tpleasanttolistento.合肥師范學(xué)院吳林

QQ754081226

這音樂不好聽。15/37Article3_popwin_flight

3.不定式用于一些動(dòng)詞(如have,havegot,get等)賓語后作定語時(shí)，假如不定式邏輯主語就是句子主語，通慣用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。

Ihavesomeclothestowash.我有一些衣服要洗。MissGreenhassomeimportantletterstosend.格林小姐有一些主要信件要寄。注：若不定式邏輯主語不是句子主語，則應(yīng)用被動(dòng)式，比較：Ihavesomethingtotype.我有些東西要打(字)。(指自己打字)Ihavesomethingtobetyped.我有些東西要打(字)。(指請人打字)16/374.在too…todosth和…enoughtodosth這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中，若句子主語與其后不定式todosth為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則該不定式通慣用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義(有時(shí)也可直接用被動(dòng)式)。Theteaistoohottodrink.茶太熱，不能喝。 Theseboxesarenotstrongenoughtouse[tobeused]asaplatform.這些箱子不夠牢，不能用作站臺(tái)。17/376.在need,want,require等少數(shù)表示“需要”動(dòng)詞后動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。5.beworth后動(dòng)名詞要用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。

Thehouseneedscleaning.房子需要清掃了。Thesechildrenrequirelookingafter.

這些孩子需要照看。Thehouseneedstobecleaned.Thesechildrenrequiretobelookedafter.

Thismovieisworthseeing.

這部影片值得一看。

Theproblemisnotworthdiscussing.

這個(gè)問題不值得討論。

18/37幾種值得注意的被動(dòng)語態(tài)變化．１帶復(fù)合賓語被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)．（１）makesb.dosth.

sb.bemadetodosth.MrGreen

made

Jim

do

hishomeworkathome.Jim

wasmadetodo

hishomework

byMrGreen

athome.watchlethavehearseenotice19/37(2)seesb.doingsth.sb.beseendoingsth.Isawhimplayingfootballatthatmoment.Hewasseenplayingfootballatthatmoment.hear/watch/….合肥師范學(xué)院吳林

QQ75408122620/37Weoftenhear

themsingthissong.Theyareoftenheardtosingthissong(byus).Thissong

isoftenheard(byus)tobesung(bythem).21/37Bob

sent

Kate

aletterlastyear.=Kate

wassent

aletter

byBoblastyear.=Aletter

wassent

toKate

byBoblastyear.tellaskbringwritegiveteachpasslend…toHetoldJimastory.22/37Mummademeanewdress.Iwasmade

anewdressbyMum.Anewdress

wasmade

for

mebyMum.makebuydraw…forIboughtmybrotherabook.23/37注意:約翰打開了收音機(jī)。Johnturnedontheradio.Theradiowasturnedon.奶奶照看我姐姐。Grandmatakescareofmysister.Mysisteristakencareof

byGrandma.注：千萬不要遺漏介詞或副詞。Wemustspeaktooldpeoplepolitely.Oldpeoplemustbespokentopolitely.合肥師范學(xué)院吳林

QQ75408122624/37Theysaid

thathewouldcomebacksoon.Itwassaid

thathewouldcomebacksoon.類似還有：

Itisreported/believed/hoped/supposedthat......25/371).不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

如：belong,happen,takeplace,last,cometrue,remain,succeed,fall,die,arrive,等。

*Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity.

*Thatbikedoesn’tbelongtoMike.

不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況：26/37不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況：2)表示靜態(tài)及物動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)have/fitIhaveaTVset.Thecoatfitsmewell.3）祈使句普通沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。【正】Lookattheblackboard，please．【誤】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou．27/37不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況：4.系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)這魚味道很好。這條圍巾摸上去很軟。Thefish

tastes

good.Thescarf

feels

soft.28/375.反身代詞在句中作賓語時(shí)，不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。比如：【正】Youmustlookafteryourself．【誤】Yourselfmustbelookedafter

4.一些動(dòng)詞形式是主動(dòng)，但含有被動(dòng)意思。這書很好賣。這種布很好洗。Thebook

sells

well.Thiskindofcloth

washesverywell.這書賣完了。Thebook

issold

out.29/37這塊表需要修理一下。Thewatchneedsmending.=Thewatchneedstobemended.=Weneedtomendthewatch.

want合肥師范學(xué)院吳林

QQ75408122630/37Didhefinishtheworkyesterday?Werethebookstakenawaybythegirl?Didthegirltakeawaythebooks?WasthewindowbrokenbyTom?______Tom______thewindow?DidbreakWastheworkfinishedbyhimyesterday？31/37Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?__thisquestionoften_____about______?Istalked

bythemDoesn’tBobcleanthestreeteveryday?_______thestreet_________byBobeveryday?Isn’tcleaned32/37Hetoldustogettoschoolearly.Ourparentsaskustostayathomeatnight.Weweretoldtogettoschoolearlybyhim.Weareaskedtostayathomeatnight.---Didyougototheparty?---No,I____________(invite)wasn’tinvited33/37Thebridge______________inthreeweeks.(finish)Youcangooutifyourhomework______(do)

willbefinishedisdoneThisisoneofthethingsthat_________(see)thatday.wereseenWhenwasPRC_________(found