Grammar動詞-ing形式作主語和賓語1/221.動詞-ing形式是在動詞末尾加-ing，屬于非謂語動詞。如：do-doing,write-writing,sit-sitting,etc.否定形式：not+v--ing組成2.動詞-ing形式作主語或賓語時，也可稱為動名詞。2/221．A.Listeningtomusicisoneofmyfavoritehobbies.B.Asweallknow,smokingdoesharmtoone’shealth.動詞-ing形式作主語表示普通或抽象屢次性行為。3/22動詞-ing形式作主語謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：

Readingaloudisveryimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguage.

Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisconsideredtobeagoodhabit.4/222．A.It’snousetalkingtohim;hewon’tchangehismind.B.Itissimplyawasteoftimediscussingsuchmatterswithhim.5/22在句型It’s+nogood(nouse,useless,awasteoftime,nice...)+doingsth.中，it是形式主語，后面動詞-ing（短語）作真正主語。

6/221Isitworthwhilequarrellingwithher?2It’snogoodwaitinghere.Let’sgohome.3Itwasawasteoftimereadingthatbook.7/223．A.Joansuggestedaskingherfatherforhisopinion.B.WeareconsideringflyingtoEgyptforthecomingholiday.8/22我們能夠歸納總結(jié)出動詞-ing形式作賓語使用方法特征： 有些動詞后常跟動詞-ing形式作賓語，如第三組例句中suggest和consider。常見這類動詞還有：

9/22常跟動詞ing作賓語動詞歌訣:考慮提議盼原諒，認可推遲沒得想，防止錯過繼續(xù)練，consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse,pardonadmit,delay/putoff,fancyavoid,miss,keep/keepon,practise

10/22否定完成停能賞，不禁介意準逃亡，不準冒險憑想象。deny,finish,stop,enjoy/appreciatecan’thelp,mind,allow/permit,escapeforbid,risk,imagine11/222.有些短語如can’thelp,beusedto,endup,feellike,leadto,bebusy,betiredof,befondof,beafraidof,beproudof,thinkof/about,putoff,keepon,insiston,begoodat,giveup等后常接名詞、代詞或動詞-ing形式作賓語。如：

I’mfondofcollectingstampsandcoins.

12/224．A.Hemadeapoorlivingbysellingnewspapersonthetrain.B.Themanleftthepartywithoutsayinggoodbyetothehost.動詞-ing形式還可作介詞賓語

13/225“Thereis+no”后能夠用動詞-ing形式作主語，表示“沒法……”。如：

Therewasnotellingwhenthismighthappenagain.沒法預(yù)料這么事什么時候會再發(fā)生。

Therewasnoknowingwhathecoulddo.他能做什么極難說。14/22[注意]動詞-ing形式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是指在動詞-ing形式前面加上邏輯主語來強調(diào)動作執(zhí)行者，該邏輯主語常為形容詞性物主代詞或名詞全部格；當邏輯主語不出現(xiàn)在句首時，可用人稱代詞賓格代替形容詞性物主代詞或用名詞普通格代替名詞全部格。如：15/22I’mannoyedaboutJohn’sforgettingtopay.16/222.動詞-ing形式否定形式是在其前面加not，帶有邏輯主語時not應(yīng)在動詞-ing形式之前。如：

Notcleaningherteethmadehersmellbad. Yourschoolmate’snotcominghomeintimemadeherparentsworried.17/22需要注意問題：以下動詞后面加動詞不定式作賓語：decide,hope,expect,seem,agree,

afford,arrange,choose,offer,plan,promise,determine,demand,manage,fail,prepare,refuse,pretend,18/22常跟不定式作賓語動詞歌訣：三個希望兩答應(yīng)，兩個要求莫拒絕,設(shè)法學(xué)會做決定,不要假裝在選擇。hope;wish;want;agree;promisedemand;ask;refusemanage;learn;decidepretend;choose19/22想要拒絕命令，需要努力學(xué)習(xí),期望同意幫助，希望決定開始。want;refuse;orderneed;try;learnexpect;agree;helphope;wish;decide;begin;start20/22以下動詞后面既可接動詞不定式又能夠接動詞ing作賓語：hate,love,prefer,remember,forget,regret,like,try,stop,begin,start21/22既跟動詞ing又接不定