2017-2021北京重點(diǎn)校高一（上）期中英語(yǔ)匯編

閱讀理解C篇

一、閱讀理解

（2021?北京四中高一期中）Morestudentsthaneverbeforearetakingagapyear（間隔年）beforegoingtouniversity.

Itusedtobecalledthe“yearoff'betweenschoolanduniversity.Thegap-yearphenomenonoriginated（起源）withthe

monthsleftovertoOxbridgeapplicantsbetweenentranceexamsinNovemberandthestartofthenextacademicyear.

Thisyear,25,310studentswhohaveacceptedplacesinhighereducationinstitutionshaveputofftheirentryuntilnext

year,accordingtostatisticsonuniversityentranceprovidedbytheUniversityandCollegeAdmissionsService（UCAS）.

Thatisarecord14.7%increaseinthenumberofstudentstakingagapyear.TonyHigginsfromUCASsaidthatthe

statisticsaregoodnewsforeveryoneinhighereducation."Studentswhotakeawell-plannedyearoutaremorelikelytobe

satisfiedwith,andcomplete,theirchosencourse.Studentswhotakeagapyearareoftenmorematureandresponsible.^^he

said.

Butnoteveryoneishappy.OwainJames,thepresidentoftheNationalUnionofStudents（NUS）,arguedthatthe

increaseisevidenceofstudenthardship——youngpeoplearebeingforcedintoearningmoneybeforefinishingtheireducation.

“Newstudentsarenowawarethattheyarelikelytoleaveuniversityupto￡15,000indebt.Itisnotsurprisingthatmoreand

morestudentsaretakingagapyeartoearnmoneytosupporttheirstudyforthedegree.NUSstatisticsshowthatover40%of

studentsareforcedtoworkduringtermtimeandthefigureincreasesto90%duringvacationperiodsJhesaid.

1.Whatdowelearnaboutthegapyearfromthetext?

A.Itisflexibleinlength.B.Itisatimeforrelaxation.

C.Itisincreasinglypopular.D.Itisrequiredbyuniversities.

2.AccordingtoTonyHiggins,studentstakingagapyear__.

A.arebetterpreparedforcollegestudies

B.knowalotmoreabouttheirfuturejobs

C.aremore1汰elytoleaveuniversityindebt

D.haveabetterchancetoentertopuniversities

3.HowdoesOwainJamesfeelaboutthegap-yearphenomenon?

A.He'spuzzled.B.He'sworried.

C.He'ssurprised.D.HeJsannoyed.

4.WhatwouldmoststudentsdoontheirvacationaccordingtoNUSstatistics?

A.Attendadditionalcourses.B.Makeplansforthenewterm.

C.Earnmoneyfortheireducation.D.Preparefortheirgraduatestudies.

（2021?北京?北師大實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高一期中）SuccessandRiskinExtremeSports

Whatisitthatdrivessometotakeextremerisks,whiletherestofushurryforthesafetyofthesidelines?

LesterKeller,sports-psychologyexpert,saysthatnoteveryonehasthementalmakeuptodowellinextremesports.He

notesthatmostofushitanaturalceilingthatlimitsourappetiteforextremeriskintrickyconditions.Butothershaveamuch

highertoleranceforrisk.Kellerpointstoatopskiracer.HetoldKellerthat“thehighelementofriskmakesyoufeelalive,

testswhatyouaremadeofandhowfaryoucantakeyourself\Hesaidhewouldgetnervousonsomeofthecourses,but

thatthiswouldjustmakehimfightmore.

Psychologistsnotethatsomepeopleseemtohaveastrongdesirefbradrenaline（腎上腺素）rushesasabehavior

seekingexcitedfeelings.Likemanyextremeathletes,EmilyCook'sappetitefbrriskappearedatayoungage."Iwasa

gymnast,shesaid."Iwasoneofthosekidswhoenjoyedanddidwellatanythingwhereyouwereupsidedown.^^Asshe

starteddoinghardertricks,shewasdrawntothechallenge.44Therearemomentswhenyou'reuptheredoinganewtrickand

itseemslikeanimpossiblething.Butovercomingthatisjustthecoolestfeelingintheworld.^^

ShaneMurphy,sportsprofessor,hasworkedwithgroupsclimbingEverest.4tTome,thatjustseemsliketheheightof

risk,,,hesaid."Buttothemitwasthenextstepinanactivitythatthey'vepreparedfbryears."Murphysaidtheviewof

extremeathletesisdifferentfromourown."Welookatariskysituationandknowthatifwewereinthatsituationwewould

beoutofcontrol.Butfromtheathletes,view,theyhavealotofcontrol,andtherearemanythingsthattheydotominimize

risk.^^

Anotheraspectofriskperception（認(rèn)知）maybesomethingreferredtoas“theflow"，astateinwhichmanyathletes

becomeabsorbedintheactsthatfbcusthemindcompletelyonthepresent."Somethingthatmakesyoutrydoingatougher

climbthanusual,perhaps,isthatyouradrenalineflowsandyoubecomeveryconcentratedonwhatyou'redoing,“Murphy

says."Afterit'sover,there'sgreatexcitement.”

Peopleofdifferentskilllevelsexperiencetheflowatdifferenttimes.Somemayalwaysbedriventoadventuresthat

othersconsiderextreme.4€Icanenjoyhittingatennisballaround,becausethat'smyskilllevel,Murphysays."Butothers

mightneedthechallengeofOlympiccompetition.,,

5.Byusingtheterm"naturalceiling”inParagraph2,LesterKellerpointsoutthat.

A.extremeathletesmustlearnspecialskills

B.extremeathleteshavechancestotakerisks

C.manypeopledon'twanttodoextremesports

D.manypeoplecan'tlimitdesirefbrextremesports

6.WhatdoesShaneMurphythinkaboutthemountainclimbershementions?

A.Theyputinlotsofpreparationforchallenges.

B.Theyaremorefortunatethanothersportspeople.

C.Theycarrylittleriskwhenfacingbigchallenges.

D.Theyhavespecialreasonsthatotherscan'teasilyunderstand.

7.WhatmainpointismadeinParagraph5?

A.Extremeathletesusetechniquesotherpeopledon'tuse.

B.Non-athletesareprobablywisenottotryextremesports.

C.Mostpeoplelackthefocusrequiredtotakebiggerrisks.

D.Acertainstateofmindmakesattemptinganactivitymorelikely.

8.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.

A.risk-takingissomethingyoueithernaturallydooravoid

B.thosewhotakerisksaremorelikelytobesuccessfulinlife

C.extremeathletesaredrivenbyaneedtobebetterthanothers

D.takingpartinextremesportsisnotasdifficultaspeoplethink

（2021?北京?101中學(xué)高一期中）Cycling

Youneedonlylookataprofessionalcyclisttoappreciatethepotentialeffectsofcyclingonthebody.Butwhatabout

themind?It'saquestionthathaslongchallengedanyonewhohaswonderedhowridingabikecanofferwhatfeelsclosetoa

stateofemptyingyourmind.

Dr.JohnRateythinkscyclingincreases"thechemistryinyourbrainthatmakesyoufeelcalm,,,butalsothatcarrying

outmultipleoperationswhilecyclingcanbeaneffectivetreatment,asshowninaGermanstudyinvolving115children,half

ofwhomdidactivitiessuchascyclingthatinvolvedcomplexmovements,whiletherestperformedmorestraightforward

exerciseswiththesameaerobic（有氧的）demands.Bothgroupsdidbetterthantheypreviouslyhadinconcentrationtests,

butthe"complex“groupdidalotbetter.

Therehavebeenotherinterestingfindingstoo.In2003,Dr.JayAlbertsrodeatandembicycle,abicyclebuiltfortwo

riderssittingonebehindtheother,acrosstheAmericanstateofOhiowithafriendwhohasParkinson's（帕金森）disease,a

conditionaffectingthenervoussystem.Theideawastoraiseawarenessofthedisease,buttothesurpriseofbothriders,the

patientshowedsignificantimprovements.Dr.JayAlbertsthenscannedthebrainsof26Parkinson'spatientsduringandafter

aneight-weekexerciseprogrammeusingbikes.Halfthepatientswereallowedtorideattheirownpaces,whiletheothers

werepushedharder.Allpatientsimproved,andthegroupwhichwaspushedhardershowedparticularlysignificantincreases

inconnectivitybetweenareasofintelligenceresponsibleforfunctionssuchaswalkingandpickingthingsup.

Wedon'tknowhowthishappens,butthereismoreevidenceofthelinkbetweenParkinson'sandcycling.Avideoon

theInternetshowsa58-year-oldmanwithsevereParkinson's.Atfirst,wewatchthepatienttryingtowalk.Hecanbarely

standandhishandsshakeuncontrollably.Thenweseethemanonabicyclebeingsupportedbyothers.Withapush,he's

cyclingpastcarswithperfectbalance.Doctorsdon'tfullyunderstandthisdiscrepancyeither,butsaythatcyclingmayactas

somesortofactionthathelpedthepatient'sbrain.

Thescienceofcyclingisincomplete,butperhapsthemostremarkablethingfortheeverydayrideristhatitcanrequire

noconsciousfocusatall.Themindlessnessofcyclingcannotonlymakeushappier,butalsoleaveroomforotherthoughts.

Ontheseatofmybike,I'vesolvedproblemsatworkandmadelifedecisions,as,Tmsure,havecountlessothers.

9.WhatdoesthestudydescribedinParagraph2suggest?

A.Cyclinghasagoodeffectonphysicalfitness.

B.Thetasksinvolvedincyclingcanbehardforchildren.

C.Lackofexerciselikecyclingcauseslackofconcentration.

D.Cyclingcanimprovetheabilitytofocusattentiononatask.

10.StudiesofpeoplewithParkinson'sshowthat.

A.cyclingdoesmoregoodifsufferersputmoreeffortintoit

B.cyclingontandembikeshasabettereffectonthedisease

C.noteverypersonwithParkinson'swillbenefitfromcycling

D.socialawarenessismoreimportantforParkinson'ssufferers

11.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thisdiscrepancy^^inParagraph4referto?

A.WhyParkinson'saffectssomepeopleandnotothers.

B.WhysomeonewithParkinson'scancyclebutnotwalk.

C.HowcyclingcouldbeincludedintreatmentforParkinson's.

D.HowalinkbetweencyclingandParkinson'swasdiscovered.

12.What'sthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Theeffectofcyclingisnotyetfullyunderstood.

B.Cyclingisbelievedtobebothcomplexandmindless.

C.Cyclinghasasignificantinfluenceonpeople'smind.

D.Peoplemaybemoreintelligentwiththehelpofcycling,

（2021U匕京?人大附中高一一期中）AcharacterinoneofShakespeare'splaysoncesaid,"Someareborngreat,some

achievegreatness,andsomehavegreatnessthrusluponthem.'1Anyofthesecouldapplytothemoderndaysportsmen.Many

stillargueaboutthenatureoftalent.Someclaimthatpeopleareborntobesportsmen,whileotherssayitisonlythrough

devotionandhardworkthattheyachievetheirabilities.Arguablythough,itisnotuntiltheirtalentsareacknowledgedbythe

publicthattheytrulyhavegreatnessfallenuponthem.

Withthisacknowledgementoftheir"greatness"comeallthetrappingsofmoderndaycelebrity：money,power,

influenceandresponsibility.Forbetterorforworse,likeitorhateit,modernsportsmenaretherolemodelsofchildren

everywhere.Thesechildrenwillgrowupadmiringtheirheroes,devotingtheirlivestocopyingtheireverymove,and

wantingabovealltobelikethem.Duetothisfascination,particularlywiththemassiveinfluenceofthemedia,itismore

importantthaneverforthesesportsmentoacknowledgetheirresponsibility.

Inthepastfewmonthsalone,therehavebeenmanyexamplesofquestionablebehaviorsfromsportsicons.Sportstars

ofthepresentdayareoftenmirroringtheveryworstaspectsofsociety,afactthattheself-righteous（自以為是的）angerof

themodernpresshasbeenquicktopointout.Itwouldbewrongforustoexpectsportsmentobesaints.Itwouldalsobe

wrongforustothinkthattheirbehaviorismarkedlydifferentfromthesportsmentheygrewupwatching,butwiththeall-

seeingeyeofmodernmediaitisadifferentworld,anddifferentstandardsmustbeexpected.

Ofcoursethereisnoobligationforsportsmentobegoodrolemodels.Therearenoprisonsentences,nofines,no

communityservice—unlesstheirbehaviorsareillegal.Unlesstheybreakthelaw,itisentirelyuptothemastowhetheror

nottheythinktheirbehaviorisappropriate.Furthermore,measuringthetrueinfluencetheirdecisionshaveontheirfollowers

isabsolutelyimpossible.Somewillriseagainsttheiridols,seeingtheminanewlightandcondemningtheiractions.Others

maycopytheirheroes1actions,usingthemasashieldwhenaccusedofthesamecrimes.

Itisundeniablethattheactionsofsportsmenwillinfluencethelivesofthosewhoworshipthem.Moderndaysportsmen

arealmostidealsoftoday*sworld,andtheiractionsarewatchedcarefullybymillionsovertheworld.Somemaycomplain

againstit,denyingtheirinfluenceonthesechildren'slives.Othersmaybeawareofitbutnotrespectit,whilemanymayboth

beawareofitandrespectit.Inaword,youdonotchoosewhetheryouarearolemodel.Allyoucandoistodecidehowto

actwhengreatnessisthrustuponyou.

13.InParagraph1,theauthortriestoemphasize.

A.sportsmenbecomegreatwhentheirgiftsarerecognizedbypeople

B.sportsmenachievegreatnessthroughtheirdevotionandefforts

C.differentwaysforsportsmentoachievesuccessandgreatness

D.thecorecharacteristictobecomegreatsportsmennowadays

14.AccordingtoParagraph4,wecanlearnthat.

A.rolemodelsusuallyhavepositiveinfluenceontheirfans

B.sportsmenhavetherighttobehavefreelywithinthelaw

C.allthefanswillfollowtheirheroes*actions

D.noobligationisgiventosportsmen

15.Theunderlinedphrasethrustuponmostprobablymeans.

A.palledoffB.removedfromC.relatedtoD.forcedon

16.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Toadvisethemediatochoosepropereventstoreport.

B.Toinformthepublicthatsportsmenarenorolemodels.

C.Toremindthesportsmenoftheirsocialresponsibilities.

D.Toarguethatsportsmenshouldnotbeexpectedasherons.

（2021?北京?首都師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高一期中）Thehumanbrainremembersnegativeexperiencesmoreeasilythan

positiveones.Ourbrainshavedevelopedinthiswaybecausethreats,likedangerousanimals,haveamoreimmediateeffect

onpeople'ssurvivalcomparedtopositivethingslikefoodorshelter.Asaresult,youclearlyknowwhatmakesyouunhappy,

butdoyouknowwhatmakesyouhappy?

Researchsuggeststhatourlevelofhappinessispartlyshapedbythechoiceswemake.Ifyou'vebeenchasingwealth,

fame,powerandsomematerialthings,youmaybelookingforhappinessinthewrongplaces.Psychologistssuggestthatthe

followinghabitscanmakepeoplehappier.

Peoplewhoowncloserelationshipstendtobehappierthanthosewhodonot.Thenumberofourfriendsisnot

important.Whatmattersisthequalityofourrelationships.Relationshipsthatbringhappinessusuallyconsistofthesharing

offeelings,acceptance,mutual（雙方的）respectandtrust.

Peoplewhoexerciseregularlycanimproveboththeirphysicalandmentalwell-being.Someresearchhasshownthat

exercisecanbeaseffectiveassomemedicineintreatingdepression.

Ifwearesointerestedinanactivity,wemaylosetrackoftime,andwecanbeinastateofflow.Theactivitycouldbe

playingthepiano,surfingtheInternetorplayingagame...Peoplewhoexperienceflowintheirworkorlifetendtobe

happier.

Peoplearemorelikelytobehappyiftheyknowwhattheirstrengthsareandcanusethemregularly.Peopleare

especiallyhappywhentheycansetgoalsandusetheirstrengthstoachievethem.

People,whothinkpositivelybybeinggrateful,mindfulandoptimistic,aremorelikelytobehappy.Beinggrateful

meansbeingthankful.Beingmindfulmeansconsidering,focusingon,andenjoyingtheexperiencesofthepresentmoment.

Beingoptimisticmeansbeinghopefulaboutthefuture.

17.WhydoHumanbrainsremembernegativethingsmoreeasily?

A.Becausenegativethingstendtoaffecthumansurvivalimmediately

B.Becausenegativethingsareeasytoremember

C.Becausenegativethingsaremuchmoreimportantthanotherthings

D.Becausenegativethingscanmakepeoplelivemuchhappier

18.Accordingtothispassage,inwhichofthefollowingcanpeoplenotfindhappiness?

A.makingfriendsB.doingsportsC.playingtheviolinD.chasingpower

19.Inthelastparagraph,whatdoesauthortrytotellus?

A.Weshouldthinkmoreaboutourfuture.

B.Weshouldbepositiveinourlifeandwork.

C.Weshouldfocusoneverythinginourlife.

D.Weshouldonlyenjoythepresentmoment.

20.Whatdoesthepassagemainlywanttotellus?

A.Whypeoplerememberpositivethingseasily.

B.Whypeopleremembernegativethingseasily.

C.Somehabitsthatmakepeoplehappy.

D.Thehabitsthepeopleformintheirlife.

（2020?北京?101中學(xué)高一期中）Accordingtoanewstudy,teensfocusonrewardsandhaveahardtimelearningto

avoidpunishmentorconsidertheconsequencesofalternativeactions.

UniversityCollegeLondonresearcherscomparedhowteensandadultslearntomakechoicesbasedontheavailable

information.Theytrackedthewayinwhich18volunteersaged12-17and20volunteersaged18-32completedtasksin

whichtheyhadtochoosebetweenabstractsymbols.

Eachsymbolwasconsistentlyassociatedwithafixedchanceofareward,punishment,ornooutcome.Asthetrial

progressed,participantslearnedwhichsymbolswerelikelytoleadtoeachoutcomeandadjustedtheirchoicesaccordingly.

Teensandadultswereequallygoodatlearningtochoosesymbolsassociatedwithreward,butteenswerelessgoodat

avoidingsymbolsassociatedwithpunishment.Adultsalsoperformedsignificantlybetterwhentheyweretoldwhatwould

havehappenediftheyhadchosentheothersymbolaftereachchoice,whileteensdidnotappeartotakethisinformation

intoaccount.

“Fromthisexperimentallabstudywecandrawconclusionsaboutlearningduringtheteenyears.Wefindthatteensand

adultslearnindifferentways,somethingthatmightberelevanttoeducation,1'saidleadauthorDr.StefanoPalminteri.

Unlikeadults,teensarenotsogoodatlearningtoadjusttheirchoicestoavoidpunishment.Thissuggeststhatincentive

systemsbasedonrewardratherthanpunishmentmaybemoreeffectiveforthisagegroup.Additionally,wefoundthatteens

didnotlearnfrombeingshownwhatwouldhavehappenediftheymadealternativechoices.',

Tointerprettheresults,theresearchersdevelopedcomputationalmodelsoflearningandransimulations（模擬）

applyingthemtotheresultsofthestudy.Thefirstwasasimplemodel,onethatlearnedfromrewards,andthesecondmodel

addedtothisbyalsolearningfromtheoptionthatwasnotchosen.Thethirdmodelwasthemostcompleteandtookthefull

contextintoaccount,withequalweightgiventopunishmentavoidanceandrewardseeking.Forexample,obtainingno

outcomeratherthanlosingapointisweightedequallytogainingapointratherthanhavingnooutcome.

Comparingtheexperimentaldatatothemodels,theteamfoundthatteens1'behaviorfollowedthesimplereward-based

modelwhileadults"behaviormatchedthecomplete,contextualmodel.4<Ourstudysuggeststhatteensaremorereceptiveto

rewardsthantheyaretopunishmentsofequalvalue,saidseniorauthorDr.Sarah-JayneBlakemore."Asaresult,itmaybe

usefulforparentsandteacherstoframethingsinmorepositiveterms.”

21.Itcanbelearnedfromthestudythat_.

A.adultsmadechoicesfasterthanteens

B.adultsunderstoodrewardsbetterthanteens

C.teensreactedbettertorewardthanpunishment

D.teenswereawareoftheoutcomeofeachchoice

22.Whatdoweknowaboutthethreecomputationalmodels?

A.Theyreflectedpeople'sstrongdesireforpunishmentavoidance.

B.Theygavecircumstancesdifferentdegreesofconsideration.

C.Theypaidequalattentiontorewardandpunishment.

D.Theyshapedthebehaviorofpeopleatdifferentages.

23.Theunderlinedword"receptive"inthelastparagraphprobablymeans,.

A.accustomedB.opposed

C.sympatheticD.responsive

24.Accordingtothewriter,whichofthefollowingstatementsworksbestforteens?

A.”Ifyouinsistondoingthingsinthisway,youwilllosetenpoints.H

B.”Ifwehadtalkedaboutthisearlier,youwouldn'thavemadethemistake.n

C.”Ifyouhandinyourassignmentaheadoftime,youwillgetanextrabonus."

D."Ifyouwanttoapproachaproblemdifferently,youcantalktoyourparents.*'

（2019?北京?101中學(xué)高一期中）Forsolong,failurehasbeenpicturedassomethingnegative,somethingtobe

ashamedofandsomethingtobekeptasecret.ButaSwedishpsychologist,SamuelWest,hasdecidedtoputourworstfears

onthetable.Heisopeningamuseum—theMuseumofFailure—inHelsingborg,Sweden,thisJune.

Insteadofshowingsuccesses,asmuseumsusuallydo,theMuseumofFailurewilldisplayover60"failed"products

frombig-namecompaniessuchasNokia,AppleandCoca-Cola.reallyhopeyouseethatthesemega-brandsthat

everybodyrespects,theyscrewuptoo,“WesttoldTheNewYorkTimes.UIhopethatmakesyoufeellessnervousabout

learningsomethingnew.”

Wesfsopinionisn'tanewone.AlbertEinsteinoncesaid,"Apersonwhonevermadeamistakenevertriedanything

new."AndthisideahasbeenembracedbylotsofcompaniesintheUS.SiliconValley,forexample,isthehomeofsomeof

theworld'smostcreativecompanies,yetitssloganturnsouttobe,quitesurprisingly,66Failfast,failoften.”

However,therearereasonsforthis."Thebestcompaniesarethosethatencouragefailure,embraceout-of-the-box

thinking,andallowemployerstomakemistakesandseewhathappens,wroteSimonCasutoofForbes.

Butsomepeoplearedoubtfulofthisso-called"cultureoffailure^^.Theyareworriedthatiffailurebecomesa“symbol

ofhonor”,asWiredmagazineputit,itmayevenbeseenas"uncool“whensomeonetriestoreducetheriskoffailure.This

maypushpeopletocaretoolittleandtrytoolittle.

“Sometimespeoplehidbehindfailure,whentheycouldhavepreventedit,“wroteAnnaIsaacofTheTelegraph.

Soit'simportantthatyousetapartthetwokindsoffailure-thekindthatmakesyoualoserandthekindthattakesyou

forward.Thekeyiswhetheryou'velearnedsomethingfromyourmistakes.

“Learningistheonlyprocessthatturnsfailureintosuccess.^^WestsaidTheGuardianyIfyoudon'tlearnfromyour

failures,thenyou'vereallyfailed.”

25.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“screwup“inthesecondparagraphmean?

A.Makeaprofit.B.Makeamess.

C.Makeahighlight.D.Makearisk.

26.Whatmessagesdoestheslogan"Failfast,failoften.^^convey?

A.Themorefailure,thebetter.

B.Acceptfailure,andtrynewthings.

C.Themoreyoufail,thelesssuccessyouachieve.

D.Failureismoreimportantthansuccess.

27.Whichmagazineshowsdoubtaboutthecultureoffailure?

A.TheNewYorkTimes.B.Forbes.

C.Wired.D.TheGuardian.

28.What'sWesfsopinionaboutfailure?

A.Failure'svalueliesinlearningfromit.

B.Ifyoufail,youarealoser.

C.It'snotnecessarytotrytoreducetheriskoffailure.

D.Failureisthekeytoputyouforward.

（2019?北京?牛欄山一中高一期中）Sportisnotonlyphysicallychallenging,butitcanalsobementallychallenging.

Criticism6比評(píng)）fromcoaches,parents,andotherteammates,aswellaspressuretowincancreateanexcessiveamountof

anxietyorstressforyoungathletes.Stresscanbephysical,emotional,orpsychologicalandresearchhassuggestedthatit

canleadtoburnout.Burnouthasbeendescribedasdroppingorquittingofanactivitythatwasatonetimeenjoyable.

Theearlyyearsofdevelopmentarecriticalyearsforlearningaboutoneself.Thesportsettingisonewherevaluable

experiencescantakeplace.Youngathletescan,forexample,learnhowtocooperatewithothers,makefriends,andgain

othersocialskillsthatwillbeusedthroughouttheirlives.Coachesandparentsshouldbeaware,atalltimes,thattheir

feedbacktoyoungsterscangreatlyaffecttheirchildren.Youngstersmaytakeparents'andcoaches5criticismstoheartand

findaflaw（mistake）inthemselves.

Coachesandparentsshouldalsobecarefulthatyouthsportparticipationdoesnotbecomeworkforchildren.The

outcomeofthegameshouldnotbemoreimportantthantheprocessoflearningthesportandotherlifelessons.Intoday5s

youthsportsetting,youngathletesmaybeworryingmoreaboutwhowillwininsteadofenjoyingthemselvesandthesport.

Followingagame,manyparentsandcoachesfocusontheoutcomeandfindfaultwithyoungsters9performances.Positive

reinforcementmotivatesandhasagreatereffectonlearningthancriticism.Again,criticismcancreatehighlevelsofstress,

whichcanleadtoburnout.

29.Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?

A.Mentalstressshouldbereduced.B.Sportshouldbemadelesscompetitive.

C.Stressshouldbemadeless.D.Sportcanbementallychallenging.

30.Accordingtothepassage,youngpeoplelikesportbecause___.

A.itcanhelpthemlearnmoreaboutsociety

B.itenablesthemtocriticizethemselves

C.itcanprovidethemwithvaluableexperiences

D.itteachesthemhowtosetrealisticgoalsforthemselves

31.Accordingtothepassage,parentsandcoachesshould__.

A.enablechildrentoenjoysportB.helpchildrentowineverygame

C.trainchildrentodealwithstressD.understandthemeaningofsport

32.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassageis___.

A.toteachyoungathleteshowtoavoidburnout

B.topersuadeyoungchildrennottoworryaboutcriticism

C.tostresstheimportanceofencouragingchildren

D.todiscusstheskillofcombiningcriticismwithencouragement

（2019?北京師大附中高一期中）Abargainissomethingofferedatalowandadvantageousprice.Amorerecent

definitionis:abargainisadirtytricktoforcemoneyoutofthepocketsofsillyandinnocentpeople.

Thecostofproducinganew-fbrexample-toothpastewouldmake80ptheproperpriceforit,sowewillmarketitat

￡1.20.Itisnotabadtoothpaste,andaspeopleliketotrynewthingsitwillsellwelltostartwith;buttheattractionofnovelty

soonfades,sosaleswillfall.Whenthathappenswewillreducethepriceto￡1.15.Andwewillturnitintoabargainby

printing5pOFFalloverit.

Sometimesitisnot5pOFFbutIpOFF.WhatbreathtakingrudenesstoadvertiseIpOFFyoursoaporwashingpowder

orwhatever!Eventhepoorestold-agepensioneroughttoregardthisasani