黃芪

RadixAstragali

[EnglishName]MilkvetchRootOriginsPlantMorphologyCollectionandPreparationProductionandCommerceDescriptionMicroscopicalCharactersChemicalConstituentsPhysicalandChemicalIdentificationPharmacologyActionIndicationMaincontentsHuangqi(黃芪)isalsocalledhuangqi(黃耆)andwasfirstrecordedinShenNongBenCaoJingasasuperiorherb.AccordingtoLiShizhen,theChinesenamehuangqi(黃耆)consistsofhuang(黃)andqi(耆),huangmeaningyellow,andqimeaning“l(fā)eader”.Itisoneofthemostimportanttonicherbs,andthatiswhyitwasgiventhisname.ItisthedriedrootofAstragalusmembranaceus(Fisch)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)HsiaoorAstragalus

membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.,familyLeguminosae.Origins

Aperennialherb,40～80cmhigh.Mainrootstout,relativelylongandstraight.Stemerect,branchedattheupperpart.Leavesodd-pinnatelycompound,alternate,with12～18pairsofpinnae;stipuleslanceolate.PlantMorphologyAstragalusmembranaceus(Fisch)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao:odd-pinnatelycompound：奇數(shù)羽狀復(fù)葉pinnae：小葉，由拉丁語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)變而來(lái)，復(fù)數(shù)stipule：托葉lanceolate：披針形的Flowersinaxillaryracemes;calyxcampanulate,5-toothed;corollayelloworyellowish,1.8～2cmlong;standardoblong-ovate;wingsandkeelclawed;stamens10,diadelphous;ovarylongstalked.

Legume(pod)，membranaceous,inflatedtobesemi-ovate,1.1～1.5cmindiameter,glabrous.FloweringseasonJun.～Jul.;fruitingseasonJul.～Sept..racemes：總狀花序calyx：花萼campanulate：鐘狀的corolla：花冠standard：旗瓣wing：翼瓣keel：龍骨瓣diadelphous：二體雄蕊stalked：柄

Cylindrical,somebranched,upperpartrelativelythick,30～90cmlong,1～3.5cmindiameter.Externallypalebrownish-yelloworpalebrown,withirregular,longitudinalwrinklesandmoretransverselenticel-likeprotrusions,corkeasilyexfoliated,exposingyellowish-whitecortex,sometimesshowingreticulatedfibrebundles.

Descriptioncylindrical：圓柱形cork：木栓層exfoliate：脫落cortex：皮部reticulate：網(wǎng)狀的

Texturehardandtenacious,uneasilybroken,fracturehighlyfibrousandstarchy,barkyellowish-white,woodpaleyellowwithradiatestriationsandfissures,thecentrepartofoldrootoccasionallyrotten-wood-shaped,blackish-brownorhollowed.Odour,weak;taste,slightlysweetandslightlybean-likeonchewing.Descriptiontenacious：粘性的striation：紋理fissure:裂隙slightCorkconsistingofmanyrowsofcells.Phelloderm,3～5rowsofcollenchymatouscells.Outerpartofphloemraysoftencurvedandfissured;fibresinbundles,wallsthickenedandlignifiedorslightlylignified,arrangedalternatelywithsievetubegroups;stonecellssometimesvisiblenearphelloderm.Cambiuminaring.Xylemvesselsscatteredsinglyor2～3aggregatedingroups;woodfibresexistingamongvessels;stonecellssinglyor2～4ingroups,sometimesvisibleinrays.Parenchymatouscellscontainingstarchgranules.TransversectionPhelloderm：栓內(nèi)層

collenchymatous:厚角組織lignified：木質(zhì)化Yellowish-white.Fibresinbundlesorscattered,8～30μmindiameter,thick-walled,withlongitudinalfissuresonthesurface,theprimarywallsoftenseparatedfromthesecondarywalls,bothendsoftenbrokentobetassel-like,orslightlytruncated.Borderedpittedvesselscolorlessororange,borderedpitsarrangedclosely.Stonecellsoccasionallyvisible,rounded,oblongorirregular,slightlythick-walled.Powderprimarywalls：初生壁tassel:穗borderedpittedvessels：具緣紋孔導(dǎo)管(1)Flavonoids:

formononetin，芒柄花黃素

3’-hydroxyformonontin(calycosin),毛蕊異黃酮ChemicalConstituen