ACCOUNTINGINBUSINESSChapter1ACCOUNTINGINBUSINESSChapterIdentifying

SelecttransactionsandeventsRecordingInput,measureandclassifyCommunicatingPrepare,analyzeandinterpretIMPORTANCEOFACCOUNTINGAccountingC1Identifying

SelecttransactioUSERSOFACCOUNTINGINFORMATION會(huì)計(jì)信息的使用者ExternalUsersLendersShareholders GovernmentsConsumerGroupsExternalAuditorsCustomersInternalUsersManagersOfficers/DirectorsInternalAuditorsSalesStaffBudgetOfficersControllersC2USERSOFACCOUNTINGINFORMATIOUSERSOFACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONExternal

UsersFinancialaccounting

providesexternaluserswithfinancialstatements.財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)InternalUsersManagerialaccountingprovidesinformationneedsforinternaldecisionmakers.管理會(huì)計(jì)C2USERSOFACCOUNTINGINFORMATIOIdentifyethicalconcernsAnalyzeoptionsMakeethicaldecisionUsepersonalethicstorecognizeethicalconcern.Considerallgoodandbadconsequences.Choosebestoptionafterweighingallconsequences.ETHICS-AKEYCONCEPT

道德C4IdentifyethicalconcernsAnaFinancialaccountingpracticeisgovernedbyconceptsandrulesknownasgenerallyacceptedaccountingprinciples(GAAP).GENERALLYACCEPTEDACCOUNTINGPRINCIPLES公認(rèn)會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則RelevantInformation相關(guān)Affectsthedecisionofitsusers.ReliableInformation可靠Istrustedbyusers.ComparableInformation可比較Ishelpfulincontrastingorganizations.C5FinancialaccountingpracticeTheSecuritiesandExchangeCommissionisthegovernmentgroupthatestablishesreportingrequirementsforcompaniesthatissuestocktothepublic.證券交易委員會(huì)SETTINGACCOUNTINGPRINCIPLES

制定會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則FinancialAccountingStandardsBoardistheprivategroupthatsetsbothbroadandspecificprinciples.財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則委員會(huì)TheInternationalAccountingStandardsBoard(IASB)issuesInternationalFinancialReportingStandardsthatidentifypreferredaccountingpracticestocreateharmonyamongaccountingpracticesofdifferentcountries.國(guó)際會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則委員會(huì)C5TheSecuritiesandExchangeCoPRINCIPLESANDASSUMPTIONSOFACCOUNTING會(huì)計(jì)假設(shè)和原則CostPrinciple成本Accountinginformationisbasedonactualcost.Actualcostisconsideredobjective.RevenueRecognitionPrinciple收入確認(rèn)Recognizerevenuewhenitisearned.Proceedsneednotbeincash.Measurerevenuebycashreceivedpluscashvalueofitemsreceived.MatchingPrinciple配比Acompanymustrecorditsexpensesincurredtogeneratetherevenuereported.FullDisclosurePrinciple充分揭示Acompanyisrequiredtoreportthedetailsbehindfinancialstatementsthatwouldimpactusers’decisions.C5PRINCIPLESANDASSUMPTIONSOFPRINCIPLESANDASSUMPTIONSOFACCOUNTINGMonetaryUnitAssumption貨幣單位Expresstransactionsandeventsinmonetary,ormoney,units.BusinessEntityAssumption會(huì)計(jì)主體Abusinessisaccountedforseparatelyfromotherbusinessentities,includingitsowner.TimePeriodAssumption會(huì)計(jì)分期Presumesthatthelifeofacompanycanbedividedintotimeperiods,suchasmonthsandyears.NowFutureGoing-ConcernAssumption持續(xù)經(jīng)營(yíng)Reflectsassumptionthatthebusinesswillcontinueoperatinginsteadofbeingclosedorsold.C5PRINCIPLESANDASSUMPTIONSOFFORMSOFBUSINESSENTITIES

企業(yè)形式SoleProprietorshipPartnershipCorporationFORMSOFBUSINESSENTITIES

企業(yè)形*

ProprietorshipsandpartnershipsthataresetupasLLCsprovidelimitedliability.CHARACTERISTICSOFBUSINESSES***ProprietorshipsandpartnersSARBANES-OXLEY(SOX)CongresspassedtheSarbanes-OxleyActtohelpcurbfinancialabusesatcompaniesthatissuetheirstocktothepublic.Managementmustissueareportstatingthatinternalcontrolareeffective.Auditorsmustverifytheeffectivenessofinternalcontrols.CompanyAllegedAccountingAbusesEnronInflatingincome,hiddebt,andbribedofficialsWorldComUnderstatedexpensestoinflateincomeandhiddebtFannieMaeInflatedincomeAdelphiaCommunicationsUnderstatedexpensestoinflateincomeandhiddebtAOLTimeWarnerInflatedrevenuesandincomeXeroxInflatedincomeBristol-MyersSquibbInflatedrevenuesandincomeNortelNetwordsUnderstatedexpensestoinflateincomeSARBANES-OXLEY(SOX)CongresspLiabilitiesEquityAssets=+EXPANDEDACCOUNTINGEQUATION會(huì)計(jì)等式RevenuesExpensesOwnerCapitalOwnerWithdrawals_+_Owner'sEquityLiabilitiesEquityAssets=+A1LiabilitiesEquityAssets=+EXPANFINANCIALSTATEMENTS財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表Let’s