生化復(fù)習(xí)題型：填空（1分×5）名詞解釋（3分×2）問(wèn)答（4分+4分+6分）

本部分總分25分

一、代謝總論和氧化磷酸化電子傳遞鏈及其抑制劑氧化磷酸化、化學(xué)滲透假說(shuō)細(xì)胞質(zhì)中的NADH再氧化（兩種穿梭）常見(jiàn)的氧化磷酸化抑制劑（解偶聯(lián)劑、氧化磷酸化抑制劑和離子載體抑制劑）作用機(jī)理4H+4H+2H+糖酵解途徑主要步驟及關(guān)鍵酶糖酵解產(chǎn)生的丙酮酸去哪里了？二、糖酵解第3步，限速步驟（PFK-1），對(duì)糖酵解的調(diào)控；消耗ATP和生成ATP步驟三、TCATCA主要步驟，尤其注意脫羧、脫氫、底物水平磷酸化步驟乙醛酸循環(huán)TheTCAHasEightStepsSteps1,3,and4areessentiallyirreversibleinthecellStep5maybeeitherATPorGTP4stepsinthisprocessareoxidations,energyofoxidation----NADHandFADH2.isocitratelyase異檸檬酸裂合酶malatesynthase蘋(píng)果酸合酶usessomeofthesameenzymesasthecitricacidcyclebutnodecarboxylations（脫羧）

stepsGlyoxylateCycle乙醛酸循環(huán)四、糖異生和HMP糖異生與糖酵解的差異，主要是三個(gè)能障，其中關(guān)鍵的酶是什么？

何謂Cori循環(huán)？有何生理意義？HMP途徑的主要生理意義是什么？

NADPH(forbiosyntheticreactions)pentosesugars(fornucleotidebiosynthesis)Variantofpathwayfunctionsinplants

tofixcarboninphotosynthesis6G6P＋7H2O＋12NADP＋5G6P＋6CO2＋12NADPH＋12H＋＋Pi五、糖原代謝GlycogenPhosphorylase(糖原磷酸化酶)糖原合成與糖原分解的主要差異胰島素、胰高血糖素，腎上腺素對(duì)糖代謝的調(diào)控糖原合酶5GAP+3ATP+2H2O→3RuBP+3ADP+2Pi+3H+六、光合磷酸化卡爾文循環(huán)什么是光合磷酸化？有哪兩種形式？3-p-甘油酸1，3-二p-甘油酸3-p-甘油醛1,6-二p-果糖6-p-果糖6-p-葡萄糖5-p-木酮糖5-p-木酮糖5-p-核糖七、脂肪酸代謝脂肪酸分解代謝與合成代謝的差異是什么？糖代謝與脂類代謝是如何相關(guān)聯(lián)的？為何減肥的人要控制飲食，控制糖類的攝入？Theprocessrepeatsitself氧化水合氧化硫解ATPYieldThecompleteoxidationofthe16Cproduces106ATP's【Minusthe2fortheactivationofpalmitate(-2)】KetoneBodiesacetone（丙酮）,acetoacetate（乙酰乙酸）,andD-β-hydroxybutyrate（β-羥丁酸）Howdoesacetyl-CoAtransferintocytosol----CitrateShuttleATP-citratelyase丙酮酸蘋(píng)果酸草酰乙酸檸檬酸PartⅡFattyAcidSynthesis1)Fattyacidaresynthesizedanddegradedbydifferentpathways.

2)Synthesistakesplaceinthecytosol.

3)Intermediatesareattachedtotheacylcarrierprotein(ACP).

4)Inhigherorganisms,theactivesitesforthesynthesisreactionsareallonthesamepolypeptide.

5)Theactivateddonorinthesynthesisismalonyl–ACP.

6)FattyacidreductionusesNADPH+H+.

7)ElongationstopsatC16(palmiticacid，棕櫚酸或軟脂酸)FormationofMalonylCoenzymeAFormationofmalonyl–CoA(丙二酰輔酶A)isthecommittedstepinfattyacidsynthesis.乙酰CoA羧化酶限速酶ElongationAcyl-malonylACPcondensingenzymeformsAcetoacetyl-ACP.（縮合）乙酰乙酰-ACPβ-ketoacyl-ACPsynthaseElongationThenextthreereactionsaresimilartothereverseoffattyaciddegradation,except:

TheNADPHisusedinsteadofNADHandFADH2丁烯酰ACP羥酰ACP丁酰ACPβ-Ketoacyl-ACPreductase

酮酰ACP還原酶β-Hydroxyacyl-ACPdehydratase羥酰ACP脫水酶2,3-trans-Enoyl-ACPreductase烯酰ACP還原酶ComparisonofBiosynthesiswithOxidation:

incytosolvs.inmitochondrionusesacylcarrierproteinvs.CoAmultienzyumecomplexvs.aseriesofenzymes