Lesson15GoodnewsFreetalk1.whatkindofsituations(情況)makeyoufeelnervous?2.Haveyoueverfeltespeciallynervous?Ifso,whatwasthesituation,andwhathappened?Newwordsandexpressionssecretarynervousaffordweakinterrupt[′sekr?t?ri][′n?:v?s][?′f?:d][wi:k][??nt?′r?pt]n.秘書adj.精神緊張的v.負(fù)擔(dān)得起adj.弱的v.插話，打斷1.secretaryn.秘書eg:aprivatesecretary一位私人秘書Secretary-general秘書長SecretaryofState國務(wù)卿secret['si:krit]n.秘密告訴一個(gè)秘密保守秘密tellasecretkeepasecretthesecretofsuccess成功的秘密anopensecretinsecret一個(gè)公開的秘密秘密地secretadj.秘密地，保密的，不公開的asecretmarriage/document2.nervousadj.緊張的benervousabout/of對…感到緊張1）考試使我感到緊張。Examinationsmakemenervous2）他害怕陌生人。He’snervousofstrangers.3）別緊張——大夫不會(huì)弄痛你的。Don’tbenervous---thedoctorwon’thurtyou.

4）她對乘飛機(jī)旅行感到緊張。Shewasnervousabouttravellingbyairworriedadj.焦急的，焦慮的anxious:veryworriedannoyedadj.稍微惱怒的，不悅的angryadj.生氣的irritable['?r?t?b?l]adj.易怒的,急躁的afford1.v.

買得起,擔(dān)負(fù)得起（金錢，時(shí)間）不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)通常與can,could,beableto連用,尤用于否定句或疑問句中。如:

他們拿不出50美元買一張票。Theycouldn’tafford$50foraticket.我們能買得起一輛新車Canweaffordanewcar?

2.afford后面常跟帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。如:今年夏天我們沒有足夠的錢出國Wecan’taffordtogoabroadthissummer.

4.weakadj.弱的←→strong無力的疲弱的微弱的不宜察覺的淡的（能力等）拙劣的，不擅長的eg.Shewasstillweakafterherillness.大病之后，她仍很虛弱，inaweakvoice用微弱的聲音strongteaweakteaTheyarestronginEnglishbutweakinFrench.他們擅長英語但不擅長法語。weaknessn.弱點(diǎn)eg.Thisistheonlyweaknessinthemachine.5.interrupt1)breaksb;cutin打斷某人講話，打岔，打擾打斷別人談話是不禮貌的。eg.Itisimpolitetointerruptothers.在我忙時(shí)，不要打擾我。eg.Don'tinterruptwhileIambusy.2)使中斷，終止(break)eg.Tradebetweenthetwocountrieswasinterruptedbythewar.

兩國之間的貿(mào)易被戰(zhàn)爭中斷了。eg.Weinterruptedtheprogrammetobringyouanewsflash.

我們中斷節(jié)目插播一條新聞快訊。6.extraadj.額外的，附加的，外加的eg.Thefootballmatchwentintoextratime.extrapayforextrawork額外的工作付給額外報(bào)酬Iwouldreceiveanextrathousandpoundsayear.我每年將得到額外的一千英鎊。Listenandorder1234Lesson15.GoodNewsThesecretarytoldmethatMr.Harmsworthwouldseeme.IfeltverynervouswhenIwentintohisoffice.HedidnotlookupfromhisdeskwhenIentered.AfterIhadsatdown,hesaidthatbusinesswasverybad.Hetoldmethatthefirmcouldnotaffordtopaysuchlargesalaries.Twentypeoplehadalreadyleft.Iknewthatmyturnhadcome.‘Mr.Harmsworth,'Isaidinaweakvoice.‘Don'tinterrupt,'heSaid.ThenhesmiledandtoldmeIwouldreceiveanextra&1000ayear!Listenandanswerthequestions1.Wheredidthewritergo?2.Howdidthewriterfeelwhenyouwentin?3.WherewasMr.Harmsworthsitting?1.ThesecretarytoldmethatMr.Harmsworthwouldseeme.Would在這里不單單指過去將來時(shí)，更表示想……，要……例：Whatwouldyouliketohave?TheObjectClause賓語從句=Thesecretarytoldme(that)Mr.Harmsworthwouldseeme主句：Thesecretarytoldme引導(dǎo)詞：that從句：Mr.Harmsworthwouldseeme2.IfeltverynevouswhenIwentintohisoffice.feel-felt-felt我感到很緊張。eg.

Ifeltnervous.我感到很興奮。eg.Ifeltexcited.3.HedidnotlookupfromhisdeskwhenIentered.lookup表示先埋頭干什么，之后抬頭看。反義詞：lookdown向下看

Lookdownonsb瞧不起某人（詞義非常重）與look相關(guān)的其它短語lookround環(huán)顧，向四周看lookout小心，注意looklike看起來像

lookfor尋找look-in

n.順便拜訪（成功，勝利的）機(jī)會(huì)getalook-in有贏得的希望

lookup:a)(=toraiseone’shead)抬頭我抬起頭來看時(shí)，見到有學(xué)生靜靜地看著我。WhenIlookedup,Isawfivestudentswatchingmequietly.b)(=tosearchorconsult)查閱，查找你應(yīng)該在字典上查一下這個(gè)單詞。Youshouldlookthewordupinthedictionary.enter&enterforenter+地點(diǎn)，表示“進(jìn)入”enterfor,報(bào)名參加（各種競賽、考試等活動(dòng)）ListenandfilltheblanksAfterIhadsatdown,hesaidthatbusinesswasverybad.Hetoldmethatthefirmcouldnotaffordtopaysuchlargesalaries.Twentypeoplehadalreadyleft.Iknewthatmyturnhadcome.‘Mr.Harmsworth,'Isaidinaweakvoice.‘Don'tinterrupt,'heSaid.ThenhesmiledandtoldmeIwouldreceiveanextra&1000ayear!AfterIhadsatdown,hesaidthatbusinesswasverybad.Hetoldmethatthefirmcouldnotaffordtopaysuchlargesalaries.affordtodosth

支付得起

paysalary支付工資pay的基本用法是：pay(sb.)moneyforsth.付錢(給某人)買Ihavetopaythem20poundsforthisroomeachmonth.

payforsth.付……的錢。Ihavetopayforthebooklost.

payforsb.替某人付錢。別擔(dān)心，我會(huì)給你付錢的。如：Don’tworry！I’llpayforyou.

payback償還我周六還你I’llpayyoubackonSaturday.so/much如此such+n./n.短語多美好的天氣??！suchabeautifulday.2)so+adj./adv.+n.

sobeautifuladay3)such+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)及不可數(shù)名詞4)somany/much/little/few+n.suchlargesalaries如此大的工資開銷solittlewater如此少的水suchashock如此震驚suchahurry如此匆忙suchawonderfultime如此美好的時(shí)光or:sowonderfulatime5.Twentypeoplehadalreadyleft.Iknewthatmyturnhadcome.turn在這里是名詞，意為“輪流”、“輪班”依次輪流時(shí)各自的）一次機(jī)會(huì)”：Isaidinaweakvoice.ina...Voice用……的聲音

inaloud（大聲）/low（低聲）/weak（強(qiáng)調(diào)心理不踏實(shí)）/strong（理直氣壯）voicevoice嗓音sound聲音

noise噪音6.ThenhesmiledandtoldmeIwouldreceiveanextrathousandpoundsayear!以下幾個(gè)詞都可以表示“再”或“又”的意思，注意用法：extra,other,more,another最靈活的是moremore可以放數(shù)詞和名詞之間，甚至可以放在整個(gè)名詞的后面extra和other一定放在數(shù)詞和名詞之間another一定放在數(shù)詞前面記住幾個(gè)短語：oneextrathousand;twoothers;oncemore;anotherthreedaysanother另外一個(gè)，又一個(gè)egTherearen'tenoughchairshereforusall.Pleasebringmeanotherone.這兒椅子不夠，請?jiān)倌靡话?。another:表示在原來基礎(chǔ)上再增加一個(gè)。extra:表示原來已經(jīng)足夠在預(yù)期的基礎(chǔ)上額外的附加的。

引述別人的話語一般采用兩種方式:原封不動(dòng)地引用原話,把它放在括號(hào)內(nèi),這叫直接引語(Directspeech);二.用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)述,這叫間接引語(Indirectspeech).間接引語間接引語是一種特殊的賓語從句。在新一中我們已經(jīng)接觸過直接引語變間接引語。本課中除了用動(dòng)詞say引導(dǎo)以外，還可以用tell來引導(dǎo)，后跟人名或代詞做間接賓語，然后是以that引導(dǎo)的從句作直接賓語。注：一般情況下，多用tell的過去式told，后面必須跟表示人稱的間接賓語。而say后面可以不接。直接引語(變化前)間接引語(變化后)陳述句Janesaid,“I’mveryfondoftraveling.”that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句Janesaidthat

she

wasveryfondoftraveling.直接引語(變化前)間接引語(變化后)一般疑問句“Isthisyourumbrella,Mary?”askedJohn.whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句JohnaskedMaryif

thatwasherumbrella.直接引語(變化前)間接引語(變化后)特殊疑問句“Mary,whenwill

youreturnmethebook?”askedJohn.wh-詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句JohnaskedMarywhenshe

wouldreturnhimthebook.由直接引語轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語,有時(shí)會(huì)引時(shí)態(tài)的變化,注意以下幾個(gè)方面:直接引語(變化前)間接引語(變化后)主句動(dòng)詞為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Sheoftensays,“Allmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.”從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不變Sheoftensaysthatallmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.直接引語(變化前)間接引語(變化后)主句動(dòng)詞為一般過去時(shí)引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞為:從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)變化從句動(dòng)詞變?yōu)?一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)“Iknowit,”hesaid.一般過去時(shí)Hesaidthatheknewit.直接引語(變化前)間接引語(變化后)主句動(dòng)詞為一般過去時(shí)引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞為:從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)變化從句動(dòng)詞變?yōu)?現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)“I’mmakingcoffeeforyouall,”shesaid.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)Shesaidshewasmakingcoffeeforusall.直接引語(變化前)間接引語(變化后)主句動(dòng)詞為一般過去時(shí)引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞為:從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)變化從句動(dòng)詞變?yōu)?現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)“Ihaveseenherbefore,”saidhe.過去完成時(shí)Hesaidhehadseenherbefore.直接引語(變化前)間接引語(變化后)主句動(dòng)詞為一般過去時(shí)引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞為:從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)變化從句動(dòng)詞變?yōu)?一般過去時(shí)“IsawherlastMonday,”hesaid.過去完成時(shí)HesaidhehadseenherthepreviousMonday.

直接引語(變化前)間接引語(變化后)主句動(dòng)詞為一般過去時(shí)引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞為:從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)變化從句動(dòng)詞變?yōu)?過去完成時(shí)“DoyouknowRickhadbeenillinbedformanydaystillhedied?”Jackasked.過去完成時(shí)JackaskedifIknewRickhadbeenillinbedformanydaystillhedied.

直接引語(變化前)間接引語(變化后)主句動(dòng)詞為一般過去時(shí)引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞為:從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)變化從句動(dòng)詞變?yōu)?一般將來時(shí)Hesaid:“Weshallstarttomorrow.”過去將來時(shí)Hesaidtheywouldstartthenextday.由直接引語轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語,下列情況時(shí)態(tài)不變:1.不變的真理

Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.”

→Theteachertoldthestudentsthatwaterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.2.經(jīng)常的習(xí)慣：

Hesaidtothedoctor,“Ismoketwopackseveryday.”

→Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday.3.歷史事件：

Theteachersaid,“WorldWarⅡendedin1945.”

→TheteachersaidthatWorldWarⅡendedin1945.4.部分情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,如must,oughtto,usedto,hadbetter等：

Shesaidtome:“Youmusthurryup.”→ShesaidthatImusthurryup.由直接引語轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語,下列代詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞等可能要變化直接引語間接引語thisthesenowagotodaytomorrowthatthosethenBefore/earlierthatdaythenext/followingday直接引語間接引語thedayaftertomorrowyesterdaylastnightthedaybeforeyesterdaycomehereintwodays’timethedaybeforethenightbeforetwodaysbefore/earliergothere1.“I

likereadingadventurestories,”saidJohn.

Johnsaidthathelikedreadingadventurestories.2.“I

don’tlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriend.Sarahtoldherfriendsthatshedidn’tlikecomputers.ExerciseI3.“Ann,haveyouseenmybluenotebook?”Peterasked.

PeteraskedAnnifshehadseenhisbluenotebook.4.“Howcanyoudothat?”MarysaidtoAnn.

MaryaskedAnnhowshecoulddothat.5.“Whatdifferencedoesitmake?”PeteraskedJim.

PeteraskedJimwhatdifferenceitmade.1.Jacksaidtome,“Youlookworriedtoday.”Jacktoldmethat___worried___.A.helooks…todayB.youlook…todayC.welooked…thatdayD.Ilooked…thatdayExerciseII2.Wesaidtoher,“They’rewalkingthroughthestreetnow.”Wetoldherthat___throughthestreet___.A.wewerewalking…thenB.youarewalking…nowC.theywerewalking…thenD.theywalking…now3.MrBlacksaid,“Ihavewalkedalongwaythisweek.”MrBlacksaidthat__alongway__.A.Ihadwalked…lastweekB.hehadwalked…thatweekC.Iwalked…lastweekD.hehaswalked…thisweek4.Themanthought,“Ishalltakeitbacktomorrow.”Themanthoughtthat__takeitback____.A.Ishall…tomorrowB.Ishall…thenextdayC.heshould…tomorrowD.hewould…thenextday5.Theysaidtous,“Areyouafraidtoleavethishouse?”Theyaskedus____afraidtoleave_____house.A.thatwerewe…thisB.thatwewere…thatC.ifwerewe…thisD.ifwewere…that6.Janesaid,“Whatdidhehearaboutaweekago?”Janeasked____about_____.A.thatheheard…aweekagoB.whathehadheard…theweekbeforeC.whathehadherd…aweekagoD.ifheheard…theweekago7.Sheasked,“Whosehousewillhebreakintonexttime?”Sheaskedwhosehouse