XB2Unit1scienceandscientists語(yǔ)境背單詞Cholera

isaninfectiousdiseasecausedby

germs.Peoplewhoare

infected

withthisdiseasewillsufferfrom

severediarrhoea，dehydration

andevendeath.Asayoungdoctor，JohnSnowfeltalittle

frustrated

atfirst，buthewasdeterminedtodefeat“KingCholera”

onceandforall.Therewerethentwo

contradictory

theoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Snow

subscribedto

thecorrecttheorythatcholerawascausedbyan

infection

fromgermsinfoodorwater.ButSnowneeded

proof

and

findings.Ithappenedthatcholera

brokeout

inLondonin1854，andSnowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthattherewere

multiple

deathsinsome

households

nearthe

waterpump

inBroadStreet.Thisshowedtherewasa

link

betweenthecasesofcholeraandthewater.Snow

suspected

thatthewaterpumpwasto

blame，sohehadthe

handle

ofthewaterpumpremoved.

Thanksto

Snow’s

intervention，peoplebegantodrink

pure

waterinsteadof

raw

water.Thus，therewasa

substantialdecrease

inthethreatofcholera.Furthermore，inhisuseofmapsand

statistics，Snow

transformed

thewayscientistsstudydiseases.His

thinking

and

concept

ondiseasewerequitenovelatthattime.Therefore，Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodern

epidemiology.霍亂是一種由細(xì)菌引起的傳染病。感染這種疾病的人會(huì)嚴(yán)重

腹瀉、脫水甚至死亡。作為一名年輕的醫(yī)生，約翰?

斯諾一開(kāi)始感到有點(diǎn)沮喪，但他決心徹底擊敗“霍亂王”。當(dāng)時(shí)有兩種截然不同的理論來(lái)解釋霍亂是如何傳播的。斯諾贊同正確的理論，即霍亂是由食物或水中的細(xì)菌感染引起的。但斯諾需要證據(jù)和調(diào)查結(jié)果。1854

年倫敦恰巧暴發(fā)了霍亂，斯諾開(kāi)始調(diào)查。他發(fā)現(xiàn)寬街水泵附近的一些住戶有多人死亡，這說(shuō)明霍亂病例與飲用水有關(guān)聯(lián)。斯諾懷疑水泵是罪魁禍?zhǔn)祝谑撬屓税阉玫陌咽植鸬袅?。多虧了斯諾的干預(yù)，人們開(kāi)始飲用純凈水而不是原水。因此，霍亂的威脅大幅

降低。此外，斯諾利用地圖和統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，改變了科學(xué)家研究疾病的方式。他對(duì)疾病的思考和觀念在當(dāng)時(shí)是相當(dāng)新穎的。因此，斯諾被認(rèn)為是現(xiàn)代流行病學(xué)之父。Doctorsuse

microscopes

toobserve

cells，germs，

viruses

or

proteins

incells，while

astronomers

lookatstarsandstudy

astronomy

through

telescopes.Atheorymaybe

abstract，butresearchworkneedstohavea

solid，concrete

or

vividtheoreticalframework.

Besides

JohnSnow，itisworthmentioningQianXuesen，thefatherofChina’s

aerospace

industry.Hewasan

outstanding，

gifted

and

patriotic

scientist.Atfirst，hestudiedrailway

mechanical

engineering.Inorderto

defend

China’sairspace，he

shifted

hismajorto

aviation.WhilestudyingintheUnitedStates，QianXuesenwasagraduate

assistant，studying

jet

androckettechnology.AfterreturningtoChina，hewasput

inchargeof

developingChina’srocketscienceanditsspaceand

missile

programme.UnderQian’s

leadership，China’saerospaceindustrymade

steady

progressandachieved

initial

success.Nowlet’schangethesubject.Hereisapictureofa

brilliantrainbow

afteraheavyrain.Thereisamanstandingoverthere.Therainbow

casts

different

shadows

oftheman.

Aboveall，themoonishanginginthesky，butthesunhasnotyetset.Canyoufind

fault

withthispicture?醫(yī)生用顯微鏡觀察細(xì)胞、細(xì)菌、病毒或細(xì)胞中的蛋白質(zhì)，而天文學(xué)家則用望遠(yuǎn)鏡觀察星體和研究天文學(xué)。理論可能是抽象的，

但研究工作需要有一個(gè)堅(jiān)實(shí)、具體或生動(dòng)的

理論框架。除了約翰?

斯諾，值得一提的是“中國(guó)航天之父”錢(qián)學(xué)森。他是一位杰出的、有天賦的、愛(ài)國(guó)的科學(xué)家。起初，他學(xué)習(xí)鐵道機(jī)械工程。為了保衛(wèi)中國(guó)的領(lǐng)空，他轉(zhuǎn)到了航空專(zhuān)業(yè)。在美國(guó)留學(xué)期間，錢(qián)學(xué)森是一名研究生助理，研究噴氣式飛機(jī)和火箭技術(shù)?；貒?guó)后，他被任命負(fù)責(zé)發(fā)展中國(guó)的火箭科學(xué)及其太空和導(dǎo)彈項(xiàng)目。在錢(qián)學(xué)森的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，中國(guó)航天事業(yè)穩(wěn)步發(fā)展，初見(jiàn)成效?，F(xiàn)在咱們換個(gè)話題吧。這是一幅大雨過(guò)后的絢麗的

彩虹圖。有一個(gè)人站在那邊。彩虹

投射出這個(gè)人不同的影子。尤其是，天空中掛著月亮，但太陽(yáng)還沒(méi)有落山。你能找出這幅畫(huà)的錯(cuò)誤嗎？單詞派生1.adj.相互矛盾的;對(duì)立的;不一致的→vt.反駁;矛盾

2.n.感染;傳染→vt.使感染;傳染

3.n.證據(jù);證明;檢驗(yàn)→vt.證明

4.n.介入;出面;干涉→vi.介入;干涉

5.adj.干凈的;純的;純粹的→v.凈化

6.adj.大量的;價(jià)值巨大的;重大的→n.物質(zhì);物品;事實(shí)根據(jù)

7.vt.使改觀;使改變形態(tài)vi.改變;轉(zhuǎn)變→n.改變;轉(zhuǎn)換

8.n.思想;思維;見(jiàn)解→v.認(rèn)為;思考

9.n.發(fā)現(xiàn);調(diào)查結(jié)果;(法律)判決→v.發(fā)現(xiàn)

10.adj.最初的;開(kāi)始的;第一的→adv.起初

11.adj.機(jī)械的;發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的;機(jī)器的→n.機(jī)械師;機(jī)械修理工

12.vt.保衛(wèi);防守;辯解→n.防御;保衛(wèi)

13.n.助理;助手→vt.幫助;協(xié)助→n.幫助;協(xié)助;援助

14.adj.有天賦的;有天才的;天資聰慧的→n.禮物;天賦

15.adj.穩(wěn)定的;平穩(wěn)的;穩(wěn)步的→adv.平穩(wěn)地;持續(xù)地

16.n.天文學(xué)家→n.天文學(xué)

17.adj.生動(dòng)的;鮮明的;豐富的→adv.生動(dòng)地

基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)鞏固Ⅰ.單詞小測(cè)1.Withsolid,thelawyercancertainlythatheisinnocent.(prove)

2.,Ientirelyknewaboutthestepstheytooktocreateabettercampus.(initial)

3.He,an,cametomy;thatistosay,hemeinfinishingtheimpossibletaskontime.(assist)

4.Theirdaughterhasaforlanguagewhiletheirsonisapianist.(gift)

5.HedescribedwhathesawinLondon,givingusapictureaboutpeople’slifethere.(vivid)

Ⅱ.短語(yǔ)小測(cè)Inhumanhistory,everytimeanepidemic1.(爆發(fā)),manypeoplewill2.(患病)withit.3.(多虧)theeffortsofthoseexpertswhoare4.(主管)handlingit,theepidemiccanbedefeated5.(徹底地).However,mostexperts6.(贊同)theviewthatnewepidemicswilloccur.So7.(最重要的是),weshouldstrengthenourimmunesystemtoresistdiseases.

Ⅲ.句型小測(cè)——高考情景仿寫(xiě)1.他身體虛弱得幾乎站不起來(lái)了。Hewashecouldhardlystandup.

2.可怕的地震似乎把一切都摧毀了。everythingwasdestroyedbytheterribleearthquake.

3.她今天不上班,所以她終于可以請(qǐng)人把空調(diào)修理一下了。Sheisoffworktodaysoshecaneventually.

單元鞏固練習(xí)Ⅰ.單詞小測(cè)1.Themoon(cast)brightlightoverthegardenwhenIsawthroughthewindow.

2.Shelistened,(shift)nervouslyfromonefoottoanother.

3.Whenshesawhereffortspaidoff,tearsofhappiness(pour)downJane’scheeks.

4.Whatmadetheassistantannoyedwasthathewassuspectedstealingmoney.

5.Allofthemblamedthemistakeme,whichmademequitefrustrated.

6.(2020·浙江卷)Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalytical(think),planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage.

7.(四川卷)Theyhelpthebodydefenditselfagainstsomekindsof(infect).

8.(全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)FrankHurley,aconfidentand(gift)AustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarctic,washiredtomaketheimages.

9.(全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteaching(assist)inclasswhosecreativitywouldinfectotherstudents.

Ⅱ.短語(yǔ)填空aboveall,thanksto,ingeneral,subscribeto,breakout,inchargeof,betoblame,onceandforall,belinkedto,comedown1.Pleasebelieveus.Wearesuretosettlethematter.

2.Itisreportedthatateamconsistingoffiveexpertswillbetheclub.

3.Don’tgoandaskforherideaaboutourplan.Neverwillsheitforthetrip.

4.“thefinancialaid,Icancontinuemystudyingatschool,”shetoldthenewswebsiteRedNet.

5.Theywatched,amazedasfireontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth’sgravityincreased.

6.Weshouldoftenexchangeideaswithourparents,whoarerichinexperience,and,loveusmostintheworld.

7.Don’talwaysblameyourfailureonothers,sometimesyouyourself.

8.Thereisconvincingevidencethatskincancerexposuretothesun.

9.Sincehewiththedisease,heshiftedtheemphasisawayfromworktolife.

10.Althoughthecitypreservesagoodlook,someofitsheritagewasdestroyedinWorldWarⅡ.

Ⅲ.單元語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練1.Thequestionisheistoblame.

2.Myadviceisyoushouldhandletheprobleminanewway.

3.Thefactwashedidn’treallytry.

4.Thequestioniswillbethesuccessfulapplicantforthesummerjobatthelawfirm.

5.Takingayearofffromschooltotravelabroadisisgenerallycalledagapyear.

Ⅳ.話題微寫(xiě)作【寫(xiě)作素材】1.大量的證據(jù)和數(shù)據(jù)表明,許多嚴(yán)重的疾病可以用中醫(yī)治療。中醫(yī)在中國(guó)有著悠久的歷史。(定語(yǔ)從句)2.多虧了這種藥,許多病毒得到了控制,許多疑難病癥甚至被徹底地治愈了。(handle,havesthdone)3.許多人贊同中醫(yī)。(subscribeto)4.一些人仍然懷疑它的巨大價(jià)值,并把責(zé)任歸咎于它。(suspect;blame)5.他們堅(jiān)定地認(rèn)為,這只是單純的初步治療。(thinking)【連句成篇】將以上句子連成一篇語(yǔ)言流暢、用詞準(zhǔn)確、邏輯嚴(yán)密的短文。

Keys:單詞派生1.contradictory;contradict2.infection;of;ervention;intervene5.pure;purify6.substantial;substance7.transform;transformation8.thinking;think9.finding;find10.initial;initially11.mechanical;mechanic12.defend;defense/defence13.assistant;assist;assistance14.gifted;gift15.steady;steadily16.astronomer;astronomy17.vivid;vividly基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)鞏固Ⅰ.1.proof;prove2.Initially;init