題型七概要寫作目錄TOC\o"1-1"\h\u一、考情解讀 1二、命題分析預(yù)測(cè) 1三、析考情·題型突破 1四、鏈高考·探究 3五、考法解題能力提升 6六、精選考點(diǎn)題型專練 11Writing1 11Writing2（生活感悟） 13Writing3（健康） 14Writing4（環(huán)保） 16Writing5 18Writing6 19Writing7 21Writing8 22一、考情解讀提供一篇350詞以內(nèi)的閱讀材料,要求考生根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。二、命題分析預(yù)測(cè)根據(jù)這兩次高考題的命題難度和區(qū)分度可知,未來高考英語對(duì)該題型的考查仍將以議論文、說明文為主,主題語境仍將涉及"人與社會(huì)"或"人與自我"。聚焦核心素養(yǎng)1.語言能力:綜合運(yùn)用語言知識(shí)創(chuàng)新、恰當(dāng)?shù)剡M(jìn)行表達(dá)。2.思維品質(zhì):分析推斷文章的邏輯,梳理、概括信息,進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新思維表達(dá)。三、析考情·題型突破一考情概況1.題型介紹。概要寫作是近幾年高考英語的新題型。寫作的第二節(jié)是讀后續(xù)寫或概要寫作,從2016年10月到2021年1月,浙江的9次高考英語中有兩次考查概要寫作,分別是2018年11月和2019年6月的考試。2.命題規(guī)律(1)概要寫作的語篇通常是議論文或說明文。這類語篇的主題比較明顯,段落結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,段內(nèi)句群間邏輯關(guān)系緊密連貫。預(yù)計(jì)未來幾年高考概要寫作的選材還將是議論文或說明文,但難度會(huì)穩(wěn)中有升。(2)不排除閱讀材料為記敘文的可能性。如此一來,試題的難度將會(huì)增加,對(duì)考生的梳理、歸納和總結(jié)能力要求更高。(3)閱讀材料一般不超過5段,詞數(shù)控制在350以內(nèi)。(4)議論文、說明文的段落結(jié)構(gòu)通常是:提出問題/描述現(xiàn)象→分析利弊→提出解決方法→提供例證/回歸主題/深化主題/提出應(yīng)該注意的事項(xiàng)。(5)段內(nèi)句群間的邏輯關(guān)系通常是因果關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等?？傊?在一篇文章中,段落與段落之間、段內(nèi)句群之間都會(huì)呈現(xiàn)"起承轉(zhuǎn)合"的行文邏輯關(guān)系?？忌绻馨盐崭鞫温涞慕M織結(jié)構(gòu)和段內(nèi)句群間的邏輯關(guān)系,就能輕松地辨別主要信息和支撐性細(xì)節(jié)信息,從而準(zhǔn)確地抓住段落要點(diǎn)。二命題特點(diǎn)概要寫作是一個(gè)融閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)于一體的題型,既考查考生概括文章主旨大意和準(zhǔn)確獲取關(guān)鍵信息的能力,又考查考生用簡潔的語言表達(dá)文章主旨的能力以及把握文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)的能力?？忌趯懜乓獣r(shí),不要抄襲文章的原句,也不要把細(xì)節(jié)性信息當(dāng)成重點(diǎn),而要對(duì)文章中的單詞、詞組和句子進(jìn)行合理轉(zhuǎn)換,對(duì)文章的具體信息進(jìn)行概括,再用恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z言表述出來。具體來說,該題型主要考查考生以下幾個(gè)方面的能力:1.區(qū)分主要信息和次要信息的能力;2.對(duì)句群之間的邏輯關(guān)系和段落結(jié)構(gòu)的把握能力;3.分析推斷邏輯關(guān)系、梳理及概括細(xì)節(jié)信息的能力;4.通過整合手段進(jìn)行思維創(chuàng)新和表達(dá)創(chuàng)新的能力;5.運(yùn)用同義詞、近義詞、反義詞或語法結(jié)構(gòu)及修辭手段進(jìn)行語義轉(zhuǎn)換的能力。三評(píng)分原則概要寫作的評(píng)分原則可簡要概括為以下幾個(gè)方面:1.詞數(shù)少于40或多于80的,從總分中減去2分;2.對(duì)原文要點(diǎn)的理解和呈現(xiàn)情況;3.應(yīng)用語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的準(zhǔn)確性;4.上下文的連貫性;5.對(duì)各要點(diǎn)表達(dá)的獨(dú)立性情況;6.拼寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的準(zhǔn)確性;7.書寫和卷面情況。四失誤總結(jié)考生在概要寫作中常出現(xiàn)的失誤有以下四個(gè)方面:1.要點(diǎn)提煉不準(zhǔn)確。主次信息混淆,不清楚原文作者的寫作意圖。2.表述的邏輯不清晰。內(nèi)容沒有條理,行文沒有銜接,不能呈現(xiàn)連貫性。3.照抄原文句子。不能進(jìn)行有效的語句轉(zhuǎn)換,同一單詞的重現(xiàn)率較高。作文中若出現(xiàn)兩句以上整句摘自原文的現(xiàn)象,作文將會(huì)被直接定為第三檔(11—15分)甚至更低檔。4.單詞拼寫錯(cuò)誤較多,時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)出錯(cuò)率較高。四、鏈高考·探究Writing1閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。①Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.②JennBerman,authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfidentKids,says,"We'vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict."③Bygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey'rebuildingtheirchildren'sconfidence,④when,infact,itmaybejusttheopposite.⑤Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,whengiveninawaythat'sinsincere,makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents'praisehasputthem.第一段為整個(gè)語篇的"起",⑤表達(dá)了作者的真實(shí)意圖,即本段的主旨"Toomuchpraisecanmakekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakearisk."。①Still,don'tgotoofarintheotherdirection.②Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.③Kidswillfeellikethey'renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon'tcareand,asaresult,mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.

第二段為第一段的"轉(zhuǎn)",指出另一個(gè)極端的危害"Notgivingenoughpraisecanbedamaging."。①Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?②Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.③Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethingthatdeservesaverbalreward.④"Weshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildren'seffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoal,"saysDonahue,authorofParentingWithoutFear:LettingGoofWorryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatters.⑤"Onethingtorememberisthatit'stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters."

第三段為前兩段的"承",也是整個(gè)語篇的"合",提出了作者的觀點(diǎn)"It'stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters.",即"Praiseshouldbefocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome."。①Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.②Butifhe'soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.③Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcomecanalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner,orfinishabookreport.④Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisandbeproportionate(相稱的)totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit.

第四段為第三段的"承",用例子支撐作者的觀點(diǎn)。本段主題句是④。寫作指導(dǎo)Para.1①作本段的"起",描述現(xiàn)象;②作"承",引入專家的觀點(diǎn);③作"承",分析出現(xiàn)該現(xiàn)象的原因;④作"轉(zhuǎn)",引出作者的觀點(diǎn);⑤作第一段的"合",指出"Toomuchpraise"的后果。Para.2①作上一段的"承"和本段后文內(nèi)容的"起",指出不要走向另一個(gè)極端;②作"承"指出"Notgivingenoughpraise"的危害;③作"承",分析其原因,且本句本身也呈現(xiàn)出因果關(guān)系?；脽羝?8Para.3①作前兩段的"承",也作本段的"起",起過渡作用;②是對(duì)上一句的回答,引出專家的觀點(diǎn);③是對(duì)上一句的進(jìn)一步解釋;④引用了專家的說法;⑤作本段的"合",與②相呼應(yīng)。Para.4①作上一段的"承"和本段例證的"起";②作上一句的"轉(zhuǎn)",呈現(xiàn)作者的真實(shí)意圖;③作前兩句的"承",進(jìn)一步說明作者的觀點(diǎn);④作本段的"合",進(jìn)行總結(jié),回歸主題?！久}分析】本篇閱讀材料是一篇典型的議論文。文章指出,父母對(duì)孩子的表揚(yáng)要專注于孩子的努力過程而不是結(jié)果,其語言難度適中,表現(xiàn)出很好的區(qū)分度,體現(xiàn)了高考"立德樹人、服務(wù)選拔、導(dǎo)向教學(xué)"的命題原則。具體特點(diǎn)歸納如下:1.語篇結(jié)構(gòu)特征:描描述表揚(yáng)孩子的現(xiàn)象→兩個(gè)極端→正確的表揚(yáng)→用例子支撐論點(diǎn)這種行文結(jié)構(gòu)是考生非常熟悉的議論文的語篇結(jié)構(gòu),易于被廣大考生理解,體現(xiàn)了高考的基礎(chǔ)性和公平性原則。2.段內(nèi)句群之間呈現(xiàn)出嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)囊蚬P(guān)系和轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等,考生應(yīng)注意理順這些邏輯關(guān)系。3.每一段都有長難句(畫線部分),考生只有抓住關(guān)鍵信息、充分運(yùn)用語言能力,才能理解這些句子?！舅悸伏c(diǎn)撥】寫概要時(shí),首先要注意每段的主題句和關(guān)鍵詞,通過詞匯替換、句式轉(zhuǎn)變等多種方式改寫要點(diǎn),注意一定要用自己的語言,不可以完全照搬原文;然后,添加銜接詞,使各要點(diǎn)之間的銜接更順暢;最后要注意單詞拼寫不要出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤,也要注意大小寫和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),同時(shí)還要注意控制詞數(shù),不要少于40或多于80。本文的要點(diǎn)可以歸納如下:要點(diǎn)1,如今,父母總是給孩子相當(dāng)多的贊揚(yáng),希望建立他們的自信心,但是這可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生相反的效果;要點(diǎn)2,父母對(duì)孩子表揚(yáng)不夠同樣有損孩子的自信心;要點(diǎn)3,專家認(rèn)為,父母應(yīng)該因?yàn)榕^程而贊揚(yáng)孩子,而不是因?yàn)槭虑榈慕Y(jié)果;要點(diǎn)4,孩子如果很努力,確實(shí)值得被贊揚(yáng)?？傊?父母給孩子的贊揚(yáng)的多少取決于孩子的努力程度?！緟⒖挤段摹縉owadays,parentstendtoofferconsiderablepraisetotheirchildren,hopingtobuildtheirconfidence,butitmayproducetheoppositeeffect.(要點(diǎn)一)However,notenoughpraisefromparentsalsodoesharmtochildren'sself-confidence.(要點(diǎn)二)Therefore,expertsclaimthatsincerepraiseshouldbegivenfortheprocessnotfortheresult.(要點(diǎn)三)Meanwhile,kidsdodeservepraiseiftheymakegreateffort.Anyway,theamountofpraiseparentsgiveshoulddependonhowhardtheirkidswork.(要點(diǎn)四)五、考法解題能力提升一解題步驟1.瀏覽原文,弄清文體,根據(jù)段首句和段尾句預(yù)測(cè)段落內(nèi)容甚至整個(gè)語篇內(nèi)容,把握語篇主旨和結(jié)構(gòu)。2.細(xì)讀原文每一個(gè)段落,把握段落大意,歸納段落要點(diǎn)。3.最大限度地替換要點(diǎn)句子中的關(guān)鍵詞匯,調(diào)整句子結(jié)構(gòu),盡量使各個(gè)要點(diǎn)句子轉(zhuǎn)換成全新的表達(dá)。4.使用恰當(dāng)?shù)你暯釉~把各個(gè)要點(diǎn)句子整合成邏輯關(guān)系清晰、內(nèi)容有條理、連貫通順的短文,要注意,各個(gè)要點(diǎn)句子要有相對(duì)的獨(dú)立性。二寫作注意事項(xiàng)1.概要應(yīng)包括原文中的主要事實(shí),略去不必要的細(xì)節(jié)。2.安排好篇幅的比例,概要應(yīng)同原文保持協(xié)調(diào),即用較多的文字寫主要內(nèi)容,用較少的文字寫次要內(nèi)容。3.注意要點(diǎn)之間的銜接,要用恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞語貫通全文,切忌只簡單地寫出一些互不相干的句子,但也不要每兩句之間都加關(guān)聯(lián)詞語,以免顯得生硬。4.不排斥用原文的某些詞匯或詞塊,但不要照搬原文的句子,如果不能完全用自己的話語表達(dá),至少要對(duì)原文句子做一些同義詞替換,如果結(jié)構(gòu)上也能有一些轉(zhuǎn)換會(huì)更好。5.核查詞數(shù),看是否符合規(guī)定的詞數(shù)要求。寫作技法1牢記寫作流程,釀造極優(yōu)作文寫作技法2巧用銜接詞語,盡顯嚴(yán)密邏輯正確使用銜接詞語,使所寫的概要結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、邏輯清晰、語意連貫。1.并列aswellas也both...and...……和……都notonly...butalso...不僅……而且……2.遞進(jìn)besides除……之外furthermore此外moreover而且what'smore更為重要的是moreimportantly更重要的是tomakemattersworse=what'sworse=worsestill更糟糕的是3.對(duì)比和轉(zhuǎn)折but但是instead反而while而however/nevertheless然而otherwise否則unlike與……不同onthecontrary與此相反comparedto與……相比incontrastto與……形成對(duì)比ontheonehand...ontheotherhand...一方面……另一方面……4.因果therefore/consequently/asaresult因此becauseof/asaresultof/onaccountof/dueto因?yàn)閠hanksto/owingto由于5.目的inorderto/soasto為了sothat/inorderthat為了forthepurposeof為了6.強(qiáng)調(diào)especially特別particularly特別indeed確實(shí)notatall根本不orrather確切地說7.順序first/second/third首先/第二/第三firstly/secondly/thirdly/finally首先/第二/第三/最后tostartwith/next/inaddition/finally首先/然后/此外/最后firstofall/besides/lastbutnotleast首先/此外/最后但同樣重要的是8.總結(jié)inshort/inbrief/insummary總之tosumup/tosummarize總之a(chǎn)llinall總的說來onthewhole總的說來寫作技法3讀首句析尾句,構(gòu)織語境畫面我們?cè)跉w納段落要點(diǎn)之前,通常需要快速瀏覽整篇文章,掌握其主旨和語篇結(jié)構(gòu)。所給閱讀材料通常格式規(guī)范,結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,因此,我們通過閱讀第一段的首句和最后一段的尾句便能大致明白該語篇的主旨;然后尋讀每一段的首句和尾句,嘗試預(yù)測(cè)每一段的主旨;再觀察段落之間的組織方式,了解該語篇的文脈。這樣,我們就能在大腦中構(gòu)織出語境的初步畫面。比如2019年6月浙江高考的概要寫作閱讀材料,第一段的首句是"Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids",最后一段的尾句是"Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisandbeproportionate(相稱的)totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit",由這兩句話可知,這篇文章的主旨是父母表揚(yáng)孩子要依據(jù)孩子努力的程度。然后我們可根據(jù)每一段的首句和尾句判斷出各段的主旨。寫作技法4善找轉(zhuǎn)折詞匯,主旨要點(diǎn)映眼前表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞后面的內(nèi)容,或者含有though,although,while等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句的主句通常是句子的主旨要點(diǎn),也是作者真實(shí)的寫作意圖。比如2018年11月浙江高考的概要寫作閱讀材料,第二段最后一句"Infact...andobviously,ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon'tbeasmuchofapossibility,butifyoulivenearby,gocheckitout!",本句的主旨要點(diǎn)是but后面的"ifyoulivenearby,gocheckitout!"。再如最后一段的尾句"Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan'ttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit,itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou'dliketoattend","Whilevisiting...visit"是讓步狀語從句,該句的主旨要點(diǎn)是主句的內(nèi)容。寫作技法5巧妙變換表達(dá),替換關(guān)鍵詞語寫概要時(shí),考生要用自己的語言進(jìn)行表達(dá),可以通過同義轉(zhuǎn)換、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換、句式轉(zhuǎn)換、正話反說、反話正說等技巧替換原文中的一些關(guān)鍵詞語。具體替換方法如下:1.同義轉(zhuǎn)換(1)近義詞替換原詞NeverwillChenYuforgethisfirstjobasajournalist.→ChenYuwillalwaysrememberhisfirstjobasareporter.

(2)單詞替換短語①Clearingawaydirtisgoodforhealth.

→Clearingawaydirtbenefitshealth.②Withmuchofthepublic'sattention,starssufferfromgreatpressure.

→Livinginthepublicgaze,starsfacegreatpressure.(3)概括詞替換具體詞ShebroughthomeseveralChineseandEnglishnovels,afewcopiesofReader'sDigestandNewsweek,andsometextbooks.

→Shebroughthomesomebooksandmagazines.

2.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(1)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞Hefailedtopassthedrugtest,andthebosshadtodismisshimfromhisjob.→Hisfailureofpassingthedrugtestresultedinhisjobdismissal.(2)形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞Yourskinwillbeburntifyouareexposedtothesuntoolong.→Toolongexposuretothesunwillharmyourskin.(3)形容詞(短語)轉(zhuǎn)換為動(dòng)詞(短語)Readingcannotonlymakeyourelaxedbutalsobegoodforyourmind.

→Readingcannotonlyrelaxyourbodybutalsodogoodtoyourmind.

3.句式轉(zhuǎn)換(1)主被動(dòng)語態(tài)的相互轉(zhuǎn)換Twoexperimentswerecarriedoutbyapsychologist.

→Apsychologistperformedtwoexperiments.(2)特殊句式與正常語序的相互轉(zhuǎn)換Onlyifyouaskmanydifferentquestionswillyouacquirealltheinformation.

→Youwillobtainalltheinformationifyouaskmanydifferentquestions.

(3)從句之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換Heconcludesthatpeopledonothavetheabilitytosensewhenthey'rebeingstaredat.

→Hisconclusionisthatpeoplearenotequippedwiththeabilitytofeelothers'observation.

(4)從句壓縮、轉(zhuǎn)換①狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)換為介詞短語Whenhearrives,pleasesendmeane-mail.

→Onhisarrival,pleasesendmeane-mail.

②條件狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)換為非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)Ifeverythingisconsidered,hisplanseemstobemoreworkable.

→Everythingtakenintoconsideration,hisplanseemstobemoreworkable.

4.正話反說(1)Iquiteagreewithyou.→Icouldn'tagreewithyoumore.

(2)Hishometownisthemostbeautifulplace.

→Noplaceismorebeautifulthanhishometown.

5.反話正說(1)Withoutadvertising,itwillbeverydifficultforcustomerstojudgetheworthofaproduct.→Withadvertising,itwillbeveryeasyforcustomerstojudgetheworthofaproduct.(2)Themostimportantstepistofillintheapplicationformwithoutanyfalseinformation.

→It'sessentialtofillintheapplicationformcorrectly.六、精選考點(diǎn)題型專練Writing1閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Youmightthinkthatwhetheryouchooseablueshirtorayellowoneforworkorcollegemakesnodifferencetoyourdayandthepeoplearoundyou.However,anincreasingnumberofexpertsarguethatthecolorswechooseaffectourmoods,ourcareerprospects(前景)andevenourhealth.Thepowerofcolorhasbeenusedforcenturiesandweshouldmakethemostofitinourlives.Coloraffectsustoagreaterdegreethanmostofusrealize.Itisusedincreasinglybypsychologistsandtherapistsforinfluencingmoodsandstatesofmind,andforvarioustypesoftreatmentswhenweareill.Companiesusecolortogreateffecttoencourageustobuytheirproducts.Forexample,purpleisseentorepresentcreativityandmixeswellwithred,toshowthatacompanyhasideasandthepowertomakethemhappen.Orangeandbluearealsorecommendedcolorsforcompaniestouse,becauseorangeisthecolorofcommunicationandbluesuggestssafetyandsecurity.Sothiscouldbeaparticularlygoodcombination.Companieshavefoundcertaincolors"speak"tospecificagegroups.Theyoftenuseredtoattractyoungerpeopletotheirproducts,forexample,asitisvibrantandmoreyouthfulthancolorslikegoldandnavy,whicholdercustomersseemtoprefer.Wearingdifferentcolorscanaffecthowyoufeelandhowothersreacttoyou,soitisimportanttoconsiderthiswhenyoudecidewhattowearinthemorning.Ifyouwantpeopletotakeyouseriously,thenwearingnavy-blueorblackisgood.Bluewouldalsobehelpfulforaninterviewororalexaminationbecauseitrelaxesyouandmakesyoufeelcalm.Redgetsyounoticedbyeveryoneandmakesyou,thewearer,feelenergetic,butbecareful,asitcanraiseyourpulserateandnoteveryonewantsthiseffect.Sothinkcarefullybeforeyouleavethehouse.Thecolorsyouchooseareawonderfultool.Areyoumakingtherightimpression—onyourselfandonothers?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【寫作指導(dǎo)】本文屬于說明文,文章主要說明了顏色對(duì)我們生活多方面的影響。第一段的主要點(diǎn)是"anincreasingnumberofexpertsarguethatthecolorswechooseaffectourmoods,ourcareerprospects(前景)andevenourhealth",由此可知,專家們認(rèn)為我們選擇的顏色會(huì)影響我們的心情、職業(yè)前景甚至健康?？梢愿爬?Someexpertsclaimthatthecolorschosenbyusaffectourmoods,careersandhealth."。第二段的主要點(diǎn)是"Coloraffectsustoagreaterdegreethanmostofusrealize",由此可知,顏色對(duì)我們的影響比我們大多數(shù)人意識(shí)到的要大得多;次要點(diǎn)是"Itisusedincreasinglybypsychologistsandtherapists...whenweareill",由此可知,色彩也被用于醫(yī)療。綜合主、次要點(diǎn)信息可知,色彩對(duì)我們的影響比我們大多數(shù)人意識(shí)到的要大,并且它現(xiàn)在還用于醫(yī)療?？梢愿爬?Theeffectofcolorisgreaterthanexpectedanditisnowusedformedicalcare."。第三段的主要點(diǎn)是"Companiesusecolortogreateffecttoencourageustobuytheirproducts",次要點(diǎn)是"Companieshavefoundcertaincolors‘speak’tospecificagegroups",由此可知,本段講述的是公司將顏色應(yīng)用于促銷,以吸引不同年齡段的人?？梢愿爬?Companiesapplycolortosalespromotiontoappealtodifferentagegroups."。第四段的主要點(diǎn)是"Wearingdifferentcolorscanaffecthowyoufeelandhowothersreacttoyou",第五段的主要點(diǎn)是"thinkcarefullybeforeyouleavethehouse",次要點(diǎn)是"makingtherightimpression"。這兩段都是講衣服顏色的重要性,可以合并為一個(gè)要點(diǎn):因?yàn)橐路念伾珪?huì)影響我們的感受和別人對(duì)我們的反應(yīng),所以我們穿什么很重要?？梢愿爬?Asthecolorofourclothescanaffectourfeelingsandothers’reactionstous,whatwewearmatters."。第二段講述色彩可用于醫(yī)療,第三段講述色彩還可以用于商品促銷,所以可用also,moreover,what’smore或inaddition等銜接第二句與第三句?！緟⒖挤段摹縎omeexpertsclaimthatthecolorschosenbyusaffectourmoods,careersandhealth.(要點(diǎn)1)Theeffectofcolorisgreaterthanexpectedanditisnowusedformedicalcare.(要點(diǎn)2)Also,companiesapplycolortosalespromotiontoappealtodifferentagegroups.(要點(diǎn)3)Asthecolorofourclothescanaffectourfeelingsandothers’reactionstous,whatwewearmatters.(要點(diǎn)4)Writing2（生活感悟）閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Thesedaysoursocietydevelopsrapidlyandforcespeopletorush.Itappearsthatpeoplehavegotusedtobeinginahurry.However,it’sbetterforpeopletotaketheirtimeandlivetheirlivesataslowerpacethantohurrytogetthingsdone.Themainreasonthatconvincesustoopposedoingworkinahurryisthepossibilityofdoingwronginarush.Whenpeopledotheirjobsortakeactioninahurry,theycan’tmakeasounddecisionandprobablyregretitlater.Asthesayinggoes,"Hastemakeswaste."Weshouldthinkcarefullybeforemakingadecisionanddoourworklessquickly.Weshouldnotmakemistakesbydoingworkhurriedly.Slowingdownthepaceoflifehelpspeopleenjoytheirlifebetter.Forexample,takingatraintosomeplacecertainlywilltakemoretimethantakingaplane.However,takingatrainmakespeoplehaveenoughtimetogettoknowalotofnewfriends.Besides,itallowspeopletofullyenjoythebeautifulsceneryalongtheway.Onthecontrary,beinginahurrywillmakeuslosechancesofenjoyingourlife.Finally,aslowerlifepaceprovidesbetterhealthconditionforus.Asisknowntoall,takingactioninahurrybotherspeopleandraisestheirstress.Peoplethinkiftheyarenotinahurry,theywillbecomealoserandthatannoysthem.Butbeinginahurrycanhurtpeoplebothphysicallyandmentally.Accordingtosomestudies,peoplewhohaveaslowerpacesufferfewerdiseases,tendtobehappierandlivemuchlongerthanthosewhoselifeistense,eveniftheformerfinishworkmoreslowlythanthelatter.Inshort,workingquicklywillbringaboutmorematerialbenefitstomakeoursocietymoreadvanced.Yet,muchstresscan’tbringenjoyment,friendsandhealth,whicharemuchmoreimportantthanmoneyandothermaterialadvantages.Therefore,takeyourtimeandliveyourlifeataslowerpace.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【寫作指導(dǎo)】(1)抓住主要論點(diǎn),理清論證關(guān)系。材料為議論文,第一段就提出了文章的論點(diǎn),即人們要放慢生活節(jié)奏;第二、三、四段分析了要放慢節(jié)奏的原因;第五段總結(jié)全文,再次強(qiáng)調(diào)論點(diǎn)。(2)研讀核心信息,合理處理論據(jù)。論據(jù)是讓論點(diǎn)更易被人接受的支持性事實(shí)材料。所給材料中的第二、三、四段舉了一些例子,分析了放慢節(jié)奏的好處。因而,在進(jìn)行概要寫作的時(shí)候,我們需要對(duì)論據(jù)進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)陌才排c處理。(3)確立語篇主題,合理重組結(jié)構(gòu)。材料第一段首先表明了文章的中心論點(diǎn),即"Despitebeingaccustomedtothefastpaceinmodernsociety,peoplearerecommendedtoleadaslowerlife"(要點(diǎn)1);第二段論述了要放慢節(jié)奏的原因之一,即"Slowingdownlowersthepossibilityofcommittingerrorsbycomprehensivethinking"(要點(diǎn)2);第三段論述了要放慢節(jié)奏的原因之二,即"Moreopportunitiestoenjoylifeareallowedbyaslowerpace"(要點(diǎn)3);第四段論述了要放慢節(jié)奏的原因之三,即"Betterhealthconditionisalsowhataslowerlifebrings"(要點(diǎn)4);第五段總結(jié)全篇,即"Liveaslowerlifefromnowon"(要點(diǎn)5)。通過以上分析,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)材料的論述結(jié)構(gòu):提出論點(diǎn)(要點(diǎn)1)——論據(jù)論證(要點(diǎn)2—4)——總結(jié)全篇(要點(diǎn)5)。在概要寫作的時(shí)候,我們必須首先確定采取何種表達(dá)順序來完成對(duì)材料中心的表述?！緟⒖挤段摹緿espitebeingaccustomedtothefastpaceinmodernsociety,peoplearerecommendedtoleadaslowerlife.(要點(diǎn)1)Firstly,slowingdownlowersthepossibilityofcommittingerrorsbycomprehensivethinking.(要點(diǎn)2)Secondly,moreopportunitiestoenjoylifeareallowedbyaslowerpace.(要點(diǎn)3)Lastly,betterhealthconditionisalsowhataslowerlifebrings.(要點(diǎn)4)Therefore,let’sliveaslowerlifefromnowon.(要點(diǎn)5)Writing3（健康）閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Ashumans,we’reallcompletelydifferent.Sothereisn’taone-size-fits-allanswertobeingyourhealthiestself.Instead,youhavetohavetheabilitytoworkoutwhat’sthegreatestonyourbody.Andthatisatalltimesgoingtodependuponthingsthathaveaneffectonyoupersonally,togetherwiththelifestylethatyouchoose.Whatplaysthemostimportantroleiswhatyoudailyeat.Naturaltransfats(反式脂肪)arepresentinsmallquantitiesinmilkproductsandmeats,andconsumingfat-freeorlow-fatmilkproductsandmeatswillcutbackthequantitiesofpuretransfatstakeninfromthesefoods.Becausequantitiesofnaturaltransfatsinmilkproductsandmeatsarereallysmallandthesefoodscanbeessentialsourcesofvitamins,thesefoodsdonotneedtoberemovedfromthefoodplan.Anothermethodthatyoucouldhelpyourbodyistobeabitmorelively.Weallknowthatexerciseisgoodforus.However,it’ssimpletounderestimate(低估)itsgood.Forexample,wecanoftenseethatmanypeoplequitexercisinghalfwaybecausetheysimplycan’ttoleratethedifficultythatexercisebringsthem.Actually,itiseasytohavetheintentiontotakeupexercisebutitisverychallengingtocarryitonuntilyoucanseethepositiveeffectthatexercisebringsyou.Howhealthyyouareisindicatedbythelevelofasubstanceinyourbloodreferredtoashomocysteine(高半胱氨酸).Keepingyourhomocysteinelevellow,indicatingthatyou’llbeabletorapidlyadaptandrespondtolife’sstresses,isthethirdsecretof100percenthealth.Alowhomocysteinelevelmeansasmallerriskofheartattacks,mentalillnessandmanyotherhealthissues.Tobalanceyourbloodsugar,eatfewerfast-releasingmeals(sweets,cakesandbiscuits)andmoreslow-releasingfoods(fruitandvegetables,wholegrainfoods).Additionally,youmusteatslowlyratherthanjustswallow.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【文章大意】Paragraph1:作為人類,我們完全不同。因此,就如何成為最健康的人,沒有一個(gè)萬能的答案。這取決于對(duì)你個(gè)人有影響的事物以及你選擇的生活方式。Paragraph2:影響健康最重要的因素是你的日常飲食。奶制品和肉類中存在少量的天然的反式脂肪,而這些食物是維生素的重要來源,因此無須把它們排除在你的飲食計(jì)劃之外。Paragraph3:保持健康的另一種方式是讓你的身體更加活躍一些。鍛煉對(duì)我們有好處,但其好處很容易被低估。許多人會(huì)因不能忍受鍛煉的困難而半途而廢。事實(shí)上,有意進(jìn)行鍛煉很容易,但要堅(jiān)持鍛煉直到看到鍛煉帶來的積極影響很困難。Paragraph4:血液中高半胱氨酸的水平表明了你的健康程度。保持低水平的高半胱氨酸意味著你可以快速適應(yīng)生活壓力并作出反應(yīng),并且可以降低一些疾病發(fā)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?！緟⒖挤段摹縏here’snofixedanswertobeingthehealthiest—thingsaffectingyoupersonallyandyourlifechoicesbothmatter.(要點(diǎn)1)Therefore,tostayhealthy,youmustpayattentiontoyourdailydietbutneedn’texcludefoodscontainingnaturaltransfats.(要點(diǎn)2)Additionally,takingexerciseisnecessarybutyoumuststicktoittoenjoythebenefits.(要點(diǎn)3)Moreover,keepingalowhomocysteinelevelisalsoagoodway,whichcanhelpyoudealwithstressesandreducetheriskofhealthproblems.(要點(diǎn)4)Writing4（環(huán)保）閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Inthedeepestdiveinamannedsubmersible(潛艇),USexplorerVictorVescovospottedandvideo-recordedaplasticbagandapileofcandywrappersontheseabed.Hisdiscoveryofplasticwaste11.2kilometersbelowsealevelintheChallengerDeepinthePacificOcean,thedeepestknownpointintheEarth’soceans,meansthereisnowhereonthisplanetplasticwastecannotreach,asithasbeenfoundonMountQomolangmaandinbothArcticandAntarcticwaters.Sincethepatent(專利)forplasticswasregisteredin1907,8.3billiontonsofplasticproductshavealreadybeenproduced,ofwhich6.3billionhavebeengottenridofwithoutbeingprocessed.Mostoftheabandonedplasticproductsendupintheocean.InthePacificOcean,plasticgarbageandotherwastehavealreadyformedanisland,whichis1.6millionsquarekilometersinsize.Itisestimatedthatthetotalweightofplasticwastewillreach12billiontonsby2050,morethanthetotalweightofoceanicfish.Plasticwastekillslifeintheoceansandonthelandalikebyfillingintheirstomachssotheycannoteat,orwindingitselfaroundtheirbodiessotheycannotbreathe.ItpollutestheEarthandpreventsplants’rootsfromdiggingdeepintotheground.Plasticmicro-particles(微顆粒)alsojointhewatercycleandenterthebodiesofanimalsandevenhumans.Ashumansareatthetopofthefoodchain,plasticmicro-particlesbuildupinsideourbodies.Wanttodosomethingtochangethesituation?Don’tgetplasticbagsatthesupermarketbuttakeyourownreusableoneinstead.Giveupfastdeliverylunchesandcookorgototherestaurantinstead.Getintothehabitofsortingyourgarbage.Butit’seasiersaidthandone.Environmentalistshavebeencallingforbehavioralchangesforatleastthreedecades,yetwecontinuetouseagrowingamountofplasticproducts.Maybewecanhopeanewenvironmentallyfriendlymaterialisusedinthefuture,butfornowatleast,unlesswecontrolitsuse,plasticisgoingtocontinuetogeteverywhere.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【文章大意】Paragraph1:塑料垃圾已經(jīng)到達(dá)地球的每一個(gè)角落,包括海洋的最深處、珠穆朗瑪峰及南北極海域。Paragraph2:自1907年塑料專利注冊(cè)以來,大量塑料制品被生產(chǎn)出來,且大多數(shù)的塑料垃圾最終都流入了海洋。據(jù)估計(jì),到2050年塑料垃圾的總重量將達(dá)到120億噸,超過了海洋魚類的總重量。Paragraph3:塑料垃圾殺死了海洋和陸地生物,污染了地球,而且塑料微顆粒在動(dòng)物甚至人類體內(nèi)積聚。Paragraph4:要改變這種現(xiàn)狀,我們應(yīng)該使用可重復(fù)使用的袋子,不點(diǎn)外賣而是自己做飯或外出就餐,并養(yǎng)成垃圾分類的習(xí)慣。盡管這說起來容易做起來難,但是我們必須改變我們的行為來減少塑料的使用?！緟⒖挤段摹縋lasticwastehasreachedeverycorneroftheEarth,includingthedeepestpointintheocean,thehighestmountainandpolarregions.(要點(diǎn)1)Anditwillcontinuetogrowrapidly,mostofwhicheventuallyflowsintotheoceans.(要點(diǎn)2)Plasticwastekillssealifeandlandlife.Itpoisonstheground,anditsmicro-particlesaccumulateinthebodiesofanimals,evenhumans.(要點(diǎn)3)Inspiteofdifficulty,changesinactionmustbemadetocutdownplasticuse.(要點(diǎn)4)Writing5閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。It’sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapplybecausetheirwebsitescanallstarttolookandsoundthesame.Nothingwillgiveyouthesenseofwhatitwillactuallybeliketoliveonacollegecampus(校園)likevisitingandseeingforyourselfthedorms,classroomsandathleticequipmentand,ofcourse,thestudents.Itseemsalittlecrazyoncesenioryearhitstofindthetimetovisitcollegecampuses,anditcanalsobepriceyiftheschoolsyouareapplyingtohappentobemorethanacarrideaway.Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsofyourlife,anddoalltheresearchyoucantomakesureyouaremakingtherightone.There’snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.Infact,alotofcollegeapplicationsevenaskifyouhavevisitedcampus,andobviously,ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon’tbeasmuchofapossibility,butifyoulivenearby,gocheckitout!Ifcampusvisitsaren’tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply,attheveryleastyoushouldfindsometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou’dliketoattend.Itcansaveyoualotofheartacheifyouruleoutnowthethingsthatyoudon’tlikeaboutcertaincampuses,thingsthatyouwouldn’tknowunlessyouactuallyvisit.Now,iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible,thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive.It’sachancetochatonlinewithadmissionsofficers,students,andcollegecounselors(顧問),anditwon’tcostyouapenny!Youcanregisterforitsonlinecollegefairat.Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan’ttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit,itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou’dliketoattend.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【寫作思路】核心內(nèi)容:本文是一篇說明文。在申請(qǐng)大學(xué)之前,最好能夠先去了解即將報(bào)考的大學(xué)的相關(guān)情況,特別是你家附近的大學(xué),可以去里面走一走,如果時(shí)間和錢不允許,也可以上網(wǎng)查詢相關(guān)情況。寫作分析:(1)抓住主旨,理清結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系。原文第一段提出了主題,即在申請(qǐng)大學(xué)之前去參觀一下是一個(gè)很好的主意;第二、三、四段講述了具體的措施。(2)確立語篇主題,合理重組結(jié)構(gòu)。原文第一段首先表明了文章的中心,可概括為"You’dbettersparethetimetovisitcampusestoexamineallaspectsofyourdreamcollegestoensureabrilliantcollegelife,evenifitmaybecostly"(要點(diǎn)1);第二段交代了了解大學(xué)的方式之一,可概括為"Ifyoulivenearby,besuretocheckitoutbeforeyouapply"(要點(diǎn)2);第三段交代了了解大學(xué)的方式之二,可概括為"Evenaftersubmittingapplications,avisitcanhelpavoidmuchtrouble"(要點(diǎn)3);第四段交代了了解大學(xué)的方式之三,可概括為"VisitingtheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive,ifit’simpossibletoseeforyourselfforlackoftimeandmo