SATSAT必背要點：ItisageneralviewthateveryAmericanhastherightandobligationtobecomeeducated.Americanbelievethat,througheducation,anindividualacquirestheknowledge,skill,attitudesandabilitieswhichwillenablehimtofitintosocietyandimprovehissocialstatus.Educationhelpstoshapethesocietyanddevelopthenationalstrength。在美國，人們普遍認識是，每一個人都有受教育的權(quán)利和義務(wù)，通過受教育，人們可以更好的適應(yīng)社會，提高自身的社會地位，教育有助于塑造社會，增強國家實力。（2000，46題，一句話回答）FormaleducationintheU.Sconsistsofelementary,secondaryandhighereducation,Elementaryandsecondaryeducation,whichformspubliceducationisfreeandcompulsory.美國正規(guī)的教育由初等，中等和高等教育組成，初等，中等教育屬公立教育，是免費和義務(wù)的。InAmerican,therearemorepublicelementaryandsecondaryschoolsthatprivateones,whileprivatecollegesanduniversitiesoutnumberpublicones.在美國，公立中小學比私立多，而私立大學比公立大學多。UndertheTenthAmendmenttotheU.SConstitution,educationwasincludedamongtheresponsibilitieswhichwerereservedtothestatesorthepeople:.根據(jù)美國憲法第十修正案，教育是：保留給各州或人民：的責任之一。ThereisnotanationalsystemofeducationintheUnitedStates,Itisthestatethatestablishespoliciesfortheeducationwithinitsboundary,somanyvariationscanbefoundintheeducationsystemofthe50states.美國沒有全國統(tǒng)一的教育體制，而是由各州為自己轄區(qū)內(nèi)的學校制訂50ElementaryandsecondaryeducationintheU.Scovers12yearsforages6through18,Allthestateshavelawsthatrequirechildrentogotoschool,generallyuntiltheageof16,unlesstheyareseverelyhandicapped126816InAmerican,thetotalsupportforpublicschoolsisabout186billionayear,about7%ofthegrossnationalproduct(GNP18507%。EachlocalschooldistrictofAmericanhasagoverningboardwhosemajorresponsibilitiesare1>thehiringofprofessionalandsupportstaff,2>determiningthemostsuitablelocalcurriculum,3>anddevelopingandapprovingabudgettocarryouteducationalprograms.Usuallytheboardofeducationemploysasuperintendentofschool,whoisthechiefexecutiveofficeratthelocallevel.每個地方學區(qū)都有一個由選民選舉產(chǎn)生的管理委員會，它主要有三個職責，1。聘用教師和學校員工，2。決定適合當?shù)氐恼n程，3。制定和批準執(zhí)行教育計劃的預(yù)算，通常，教育委員會要選一位督學，作為地方一級的重要教育行政官員。ThetypicalorganizationalpatternforelementaryandsecondaryschoolsisthatofgradedschoolsUsuallytheelementaryschoolcoversgrades1-8andthehighschool9-12.美國中小18912ThereisacertaindegreeofsimilarityintheAmericanelementaryschoolcurriculum.Itmainlyconsistsofmasteryofthe“basics”suchasreading,writing,andarithmeticofmathematics.寫作，和算術(shù)或數(shù)學等。HighereducationoftheU.SbeganwiththefoundingofHarvardCollegein1636.美國的1636（2001，22）ThesystemofhighereducationintheU.Shasthreeprincipalfunctions:teaching,researchandpublicservice.美國高等教育有三大職能：教學，研究，和公眾服務(wù)。InAmerican,therearethebestresearchuniversitiessuchasHarvard,Yale,Princeton,ColumbiaandMITintheeast,aswellasStanfordandBerkeleyonthewestcoast.美國最好的科研型大學有位于東部的哈佛，耶魯，普林斯頓，哥倫比亞，和麻省理工大學，位于西海岸的斯坦福大學和伯克利大學。Theadministrationofmostcollegesanduniversitiesisquiteseparatefromthatoftheschool.ButtherearethreeStateboardthatsetpolicyforeducationatalllevelsinrespectivestate,TheyaretheStateBoardsofNewYorkRhodeIslandandMichigan.大多數(shù)學院和大學的3（這三個州字頭串起來是MRNew=牛先生）ExceptforsomecollegesponsoredbytheCatholicChurch,allcollegeanduniversitiesintheU.S,publicorprivate,aregovernedbyaboardoftrusteescomposedprimarilyoflaymen.除了一些由天主教會贊助的大學外，美國所有的大學都是由一個主要的由外行人員組成的托管委員會管理。Thecommunitycollegecallsforeducationtoservethegoodofboththeindividualandsociety.ItembodiesThomasJefferson’sbeliefthataneducationshouldbepracticalaswellasliberal.社區(qū)學院奉行教育既為個人又為社會服務(wù)的宗旨，它包含了托馬斯。杰斐遜教育既是實用的又是自由這一信仰。Bythemid-1980s,awaveofeducationreformsweptthecountry.Thesereformhadtwofocuses:1>theraisingofthestandardsofteachingandlearning;2>therestructuringofthe8012》學校的結(jié)構(gòu)改革。In1983,areportentitled“ANationAtRisk”wasissuedwhichcitedhighratesofadultilliteracy,decliningSATscores,thedeclineofeducationalstandards.Thereportputforwardfiveproposals.1983《危險中的國家》發(fā)表，引用了成人文盲比例高，學生技能下降，教育水準下降等例子，該報告提出了五點建議。OnApril18,1991,PresidentBushissuedhisplan”American2000:AnEducationstrategy”whichsetsixgoals.必背簡答：WhatarethethreeprinciplefunctionsofthesystemofhighereducationintheU.S?teaching、researchandpublicserviceWhatistheguidingprincipleofcommunitycollege?Itishighereducationforeveryoneandthephilosophythatequalitymustequalopportunityforself-realizationandfortherecognitionofindividualdifferences.Whatisthedifferencebetweenanacademichighschoolandatechnicalhighschool?whoisthechiefexecutiveofficerunderthelocalboardofeducationinAmerica?Thesuperintendentofschoolsisthechiefexecutiveofficeratthelocallevel.whatarethethreetypeofAmericanhighschools?Theyarecomprehensive,academic,vocational,andtechnicalschools.whataretwofocusesofthereformsinthe1980swhenawaveofeducationreformsweptthecountry?(theansweris1717WhydoesthenumberofgraduateschoolenrollmentinAmericankeepclimbing?Becauseanadvanceddegreeisviewedasakeywaytomoveaheadpeople’scareers.Accordingtothereporten