EST-11定語從句的翻譯

1整理課件譯成定語Themicroorganismwhichcausesdiseaseispathogenic.引起疾病的微生物具有致病性。Thepeoplewhostudyecosystemarecalledecologists.那些從事生態(tài)系統(tǒng)研究的人被稱作生態(tài)學(xué)家。2整理課件譯成定語Amodemisadevicewhichconnectsacomputerviatelephonelinestoothercomputers.調(diào)制解調(diào)器是把一臺計算機(jī)通過線同其他計算機(jī)相連接的一種裝置。Inmodernindustrymanysubstancesareusedwhichhavebeenfoundtodogreatharmtoman.現(xiàn)代工業(yè)使用許多對人體有很大危害的物質(zhì)。3整理課件譯成謂語Newelectrontubescouldbebuiltthatworkedatmuchhighervoltages.如今制造的電子管，工作電壓要高得多。Astrictvegetarianisapersonwhoneverinhislifeeatsanythingderivedfromanimals.嚴(yán)格的素食者終生都不食用動物性食品。4整理課件譯成謂語Scientistshavefoundthedefectivegenethatcausesarare,heritabledisorder.科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)基因缺陷會引起一種罕見的遺傳疾病。Thereisnoplaceonearthwherethedaysarelongerinwinterthaninsummer.地球上任何地方冬天的白晝都比夏天長。5整理課件金屬的強(qiáng)度、硬度和可塑性這些性能使它們在工業(yè)上得到廣泛應(yīng)用?！布t色譯為定語從句〕Strength,hardnessandplasticityofmetalsarethepropertiesthatmakethemsousefulforindustry.6整理課件Sothepreparationofapurecultureinvolvestheisolationofagivenmicroorganismfromamixednaturalmicrobialpopulation因此純培養(yǎng)制備要從混合的天然微生物群中別離出特定的微生物。microbialpopulation[微]微生物種群7整理課件dodamageto;doharmto造成損害試驗(yàn)顯示抽煙對人體有害?！操e語從句〕Thetrialsshowthatsmokingwilldoharmtopeople.躺在床上看書對你的眼睛是有害的.〔主語譯為動名詞詞組〕Readinginbedwilldoharmtoyoureyes.Eatingtoomuchwilldoharmtoourhealth.吃得太多有害于健康。8整理課件這種惡性循環(huán)將不利于亞洲乃至全球金融和經(jīng)濟(jì)的穩(wěn)定。Thisviciouscirclewilldo

harmtothefinancialtheeconomicstabilityinAsiaandtheworldasawhole.9整理課件Heopenedavegetarianrestaurantinhishometown.他在家鄉(xiāng)開了個素菜館。本素菜館的菜肴，具有各種風(fēng)味，不含任何膽固醇〔cholesterol〕。Thisvegetarianrestaurantservesvariousdishesfreefromcholesterol.10整理課件defectiveproduct/non-goodparts不良品Sortoutdefectivetools把有毛病的工具揀出來。defectiveworkmanship工藝缺陷Thebuildupofimpuritiesoftenresultsindefectiveplating.雜質(zhì)的積累經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致不良的電鍍。11整理課件自產(chǎn)品售出之日起７天內(nèi)產(chǎn)品因質(zhì)量問題免費(fèi)更換Productsproventobedefectivewithinsevendaysfromthedateofpurchaseareeligibleforreplacementatnocost.12整理課件優(yōu)柔寡斷是他的主要缺點(diǎn)。Indecisionishischiefdefect.Near-sightednessisavisualdefect.

近視是一個視力缺陷。內(nèi)在的故障aninherentdefect13整理課件分譯法譯成并列分句重復(fù)關(guān)系代詞所代的名詞，有時還可以在名詞之前加指示代詞“這〞或“該〞。Atpresent,hundredsofmillionsoftonsofdiversesubstanceswhichareasourceofharmtothehealthofpeople,plantlife,andusefulmicroorganismsaredischargedtotheatmosphere.目前，成千上萬噸各種各樣物質(zhì)排入大氣，這些物質(zhì)實(shí)際上是對人類健康、植物生存、以及有用的微生物產(chǎn)生危害的根源。14整理課件Electroniccommunicationisanetworkthatconnectseveryonetoeveryoneelseandprovidesjustaboutanysortofelectroniccommunicationimaginable.電子通訊是一種網(wǎng)絡(luò)，這一網(wǎng)絡(luò)把所有的人互相聯(lián)系起來，并可提供任意一種人們想得到的電子通訊方式。15整理課件地球是一個大型的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，在這個系統(tǒng)中動物、植物、昆蟲以及人類在一定程度上都相互依存。〔紅色譯為定語從句〕Theearthisalargeecosysteminwhich_______________________________.plants,animals,insectsandhumansalldependononeanotherinsomeway16整理課件心臟和脈管形成一個完整的循環(huán)，血液通過這一循環(huán)而流動。(譯為定語從句)Heartandvesselsformacompletecircle,throughwhichthebloodflows.Airisamixtureofgases,ofwhichoxygenforms21%byvolume.空氣是一種氣體混合物，氧氣占空氣體積的21%。17整理課件關(guān)系代詞譯成“它〞、“它們〞等。Alllivingthingsaremadeofverysmallcells,whoseformcanbeseenwiththeaidofamicroscope.所有生命體都由極小的細(xì)胞構(gòu)成，借助顯微鏡可以看到其形狀。Thecontrolunitisanimportantpartofthecomputer,whichcancausethemachinetooperateaccordingtoman’swishes.控制器是計算機(jī)的重要局部，它能使計算機(jī)按人們的意愿進(jìn)行操作。18整理課件深海是一個非常封閉的環(huán)境，那兒的溫度只有幾攝氏度，很少有光能穿透?！沧g為定語從句〕Thedeepseaisahighlypreservingenvironment___________________________________________________.wherethewatertemperatureisjustafewdegreescentigradeandlittlelightcanpenetrate19整理課件底座(base)是所有機(jī)器的根底，也是一個部件，其他部件都裝(mount)在它上面。(譯為定語從句)Thebaseisthefoundationofallmachinesandisthepartonwhichallotherpartsaremounted.20整理課件Hewasnoteligiblefortheexaminationbecausehewasoverage.他不夠參加考試資格,因他已超齡。Menandwomenofeighteenandaboveareeligibletovote.年齡在十八歲以上的男女有投票表決權(quán)。21整理課件當(dāng)從句具有轉(zhuǎn)折意義時，除重復(fù)關(guān)系代詞所代的名詞之外，還須加連詞“而〞、“但〞、“可是〞等。22整理課件Matteriscomposedofmoleculesthatarecomposedofatoms.物質(zhì)是由分子構(gòu)成的，而分子又是由原子構(gòu)成的。Ametalwillbearbeatingwithahammer,whichastonewillnot.金屬經(jīng)得起錘子的敲打，而石頭卻不能。23整理課件Mechanicalenergyischangedintoelectricenergy,whichinturnischangedintomechanicalenergy.機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殡娔?，而電能又轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闄C(jī)械能。Hydrauliccopyingmakeitsuitablefortheaerospaceindustry,whichwasthenstilldevelopinginEurope.液壓仿形適合于宇航工業(yè)，但這種工業(yè)當(dāng)時在歐洲尚處于開展階段。24整理課件Theadditionalozonemayabsorbmorethantheusualamountofthesun'sheat,whichinturnmayeffectourweather.增加的臭氧吸收比正常量更多的太陽的熱量，從而影響到我們的天氣。成人教育熱繼而又促進(jìn)了整個國家文化水平的提高。Thisboominadulteducation,inturn,helpstoraisetheintellectualstandardofthewholecountry.〔插在主語與謂語動詞之間，用逗號隔開〕25整理課件因此有必要堅持以信息化帶開工業(yè)化,以工業(yè)化促進(jìn)信息化。Itis,therefore,necessarytopersistinusingITtopropelindustrialization,whichwill,inturn,stimulateITapplication.Theappliedpressureactsonadiaphragmwhichinturnmovestheanodepin.施加的壓力作用在一個膜片上，于是該膜片就移動陽極管腳。26整理課件Theoryisbasedonpracticeandinturnservespractice.理論的根底是實(shí)踐,反過來理論又為實(shí)踐效勞。27整理課件當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，說明整個主句，對主句的內(nèi)容作補(bǔ)充說明、總結(jié)、概括或承上啟下的作用時，可譯成指示代詞“這〞。28整理課件Rubberisalight,elastic,durableandwater-resistantmaterial,whichmakesrubberindustryveryimportant.橡膠質(zhì)輕、有彈性、耐用而且防水，這使得橡膠工業(yè)十分重要。Miniaturizationmeansmakingthingssmallinsize,whichisofgreatimportanceforthedevelopmentoftheelectronicsindustry.小型化意味著縮小東西的尺寸，這對電子工業(yè)的開展極為重要。29整理課件因特網(wǎng)在現(xiàn)代生活中非常重要，這是眾所周知的。Internetisveryusefulinmodernlife,whichisknowntoeverybody.燃料燃燒時，化學(xué)能就轉(zhuǎn)化為光和熱能，這和能量守衡定律是一致的。Whenfuelsburn,chemicalenergychangesintolightandheatenergy,whichagreeswiththelawofconservationofenergy.30整理課件Anelasticanalysisofastructureisimportantwithregardtoserviceability.結(jié)構(gòu)的彈性分析對耐用性是很重要的。彈性波在巖層內(nèi)的吸收Theabsorptionofelasticwavesinrocks彈性波在巖層內(nèi)的吸收問題曾經(jīng)是理論上與實(shí)驗(yàn)上廣泛研究的課題。Theabsorptionofelasticwavesinrockshasbeenthesubjectofextensivetheoreticalandexperimentalstudy.〔問題不用譯〕31整理課件Theabruptdisappearanceofstick-slipatthelowerspeedlevelisattributedtochangesintheelasticdeformationofthefiber.在低速水平時，粘滑現(xiàn)象的消失是由于纖維彈性變形的改變造成的。32整理課件allstainlesssteel,water-resistant,antimagneticandshockproof全不銹鋼，防水、防磁、防震Awaterprooforwater-resistantcoat.雨衣不透水的或抗水的外衣防水材料可以運(yùn)用到飛機(jī)外殼上Thewater-resistantsubstancecouldbeaddedtotheoutsidesofairplanes.33整理課件miniaturizationofcomponents元件小型化Theexplosionswereattributed

tometalfatigue爆裂破歸因于金屬疲乏。34整理課件如果關(guān)系代詞which與其在主句所修飾的詞能夠順序說明，表達(dá)清楚時，可省略不譯。Live-wireoperationisanadvancedtechniquebywhichlinemencanrepairtransmissionwithoutcuttingoffthecurrent.帶電作業(yè)是一項(xiàng)先進(jìn)技術(shù)，線路工人能不切斷電流就修理輸電線。35整理課件Itiscalledthenorthpoleofthemagnet,whichisusuallymarkedN.這就叫磁體的北極，通常用N表示。Inmostpartsofthesea,therearemillionsoftinylivingthingsthatcanbehardlyseenwithoureyes.在大局部海域里，生存著無數(shù)的微生物，我們用眼睛看不見。36整理課件Whenthefreeelectronsinaconductormoveinonedirectiononly,thecurrentthusestablishediscalledadirectcurrent,whichisoftenabbreviatedtoDC.當(dāng)導(dǎo)體的自由電子只以一個方向運(yùn)動時，這樣產(chǎn)生的電流叫做直流電，?？s寫為DC。37整理課件譯成狀語從句Vegetarianismisdefinitelyunsatisfactoryforgrowingchildren,whoneedmoreproteinthantheycangetfromvegetablesources.對正在發(fā)育的兒童來說，素食肯定是不可取的，因?yàn)樗麄冃枰牡鞍踪|(zhì)不可能全從植物類食品中獲得?！沧g為原因狀語〕38整理課件〔將原因狀語譯為定語從句〕鐵的強(qiáng)度不如鋼的高，因?yàn)殇撌氰F和其他一些元素形成Ironisnotasstrongassteelwhichisanalloyofironwithsomeotherelements.因?yàn)樨埖难劬Ρ任覀內(nèi)说难劬δ芪崭嗟墓饩€，所以貓在夜里能把東西看得很清楚。Acat,whoseeyescantakeinmoreraysoflightthanoureyes,canseethingsclearlyinthenight.39整理課件Thecomputer,whichseemstoplaytheroleofahumanbrain,isoftencalledanelectronicbrain.由于電子計算機(jī)起著類似人腦的作用，所以常稱為電腦。40整理課件用定語從句翻譯以下各句銅的電阻很小，所以廣泛用來輸電。分子可任意膨脹，所以在碰撞后并沒有能量損失。科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)研制出第二代血液代用品，從而解決了血液的貯存問題。1952年，倫敦曾連續(xù)四天煙霧彌漫，結(jié)果造成4000名支氣管患者死亡。41整理課件Copper,whichisusedsowidelyforcarryingelectricity,offersverylittleresistance.Moleculeshaveperfectelasticity,inconsequenceofwhichtheyundergonolossofenergyafteracollision.Scientistshavedevelopedasecondgenerationofthebloodsubstitutethatsolvestheproblemofbloodstorage.In1952Londonhadaverybadfour-daysmoginwhich4000bronchitissufferersdied.42整理課件譯成目的狀語從句Manyuniversitieshave“closed-circuit〞televisionequipmentthatwilltelecastlecturesanddemonstrationstohundredsofstudentsindifferentclassrooms.許多大學(xué)都配備了“閉路〞電視設(shè)備，以便為各個教室的千百個學(xué)生進(jìn)行電視講授和演示。Theworkersoilthemovingpartsofthesemachinesregularly,thefrictionofwhichmaybegreatlyreduced.工人們定期給這些機(jī)器的傳動局部加油，以便大大減小摩擦。43整理課件農(nóng)業(yè)研究人員正加緊努力培育抗熱和抗旱的作物，以便在氣候變暖時取代傳統(tǒng)作物?！沧g為定語從句〕Agriculturalresearchersaresteppingupeffortsto_________________________________.developheat-resistantanddrought-resistantcropsthatmightreplacetraditionalcropsiftheclimatechanges44整理課件Itneedsclearhierarchiesofinformation.Itneedsprinciplesoforganizationthatwillatleastsuggestthereliabilityofthesources.我們有必要將信息加以清楚地分級，并需要嚴(yán)格的組織原那么以提高信息源的可靠性。45整理課件Theracewillbetelecastlive.比賽將由電視現(xiàn)場播出。Thereisnodistanttransmittertotelecastthescene.沒有遠(yuǎn)距離發(fā)射機(jī)傳送景象。46整理課件Cobaltbasealloy〔鈷基合金〕,oneofthebestall-purposehardfacingalloys.Veryresistanttoheat,abrasion,impact,galling,oxidation,thermalshockanderosion鈷基合金,一種最好的多用途堅硬外表的合金。耐熱、耐磨、耐沖撞、耐刮傷、耐氧化、耐熱沖擊和耐腐蝕我們需要耐大氣腐蝕的建筑材料。Weneedbuildingmaterialswhichareresistanttoatmosphericcorrosion.〔作表語〕47整理課件arcresistantmaterial耐弧材料〔以下做定語〕scaleresistantconcrete耐剝落混凝土ageresistantpaper耐老化紙radiationresistantopticalfiber耐輻射光纖chemicalresistantcoating耐化學(xué)涂料lightresistant耐光性的moistureresistant耐濕的fatigueresistant耐疲勞的48整理課件耐高溫玻璃high-temperatureresistantglass耐燃燒試驗(yàn)fireresistanttest

耐氫鋼hydrogenresistantsteel

耐沖擊塑料impactresistantplastics49整理課件耐濕性絕熱材料moistureresistantinsulatingmaterial耐沖擊熱塑性塑料impactresistantthermoplastics耐酸堿橡膠手套

acidandbaseresistantrubberglove耐輻射玻璃纖維radiationresistantglassfiber50整理課件譯成條件狀語從句Anelectricalcurrentbeginstoflowthroughacoil,whichisconnectedacrossachargedcondenser.如果線圈同充電的電容器相聯(lián)接，電流就開始流過線圈。Alloys,whichcontainamagneticsubstance,generallyalsohaveamagneticproperties.合金如果含有磁性物質(zhì)，一般也會具有磁性。51整理課件Foodwhichiskepttoolongdecaysbecauseitisattackedbyyeasts,mouldsandbacteria.食物如果放置時間太久，就會腐爛，因?yàn)槭澄飼艿浇湍妇?、霉菌以及?xì)菌的侵蝕。水如果不清潔就會引起重病?！沧g為定語從句〕Waterthatisimpurecausesseriousillness.52整理課件任何機(jī)器假設(shè)知其輸入力和輸出力，就可求出機(jī)械效益〔mechanicaladvantage〕。〔譯為定語從句〕Foranymachinewhoseimputforceandoutputforceareknown,it’smechanicaladvantagecanbecalculated.53整理課件譯成讓步狀語從句Photographsaretakenofstars,thelightofwhichistoofainttobeseenbyeyesatall.雖然許多星體的光線非常微弱，眼睛根本看不見，但它們的照片還是被拍下來了。Scientistssaythatstandardfilters,whichreducetheamountoftarinhaledbysmokers,donotmakethesmokelesstoxictothecells.科學(xué)家們說，普通過濾嘴雖然可以減少吸煙者吸入的焦油量，但不能減少煙霧對細(xì)胞的毒害。54整理課件青霉素雖然幾十年前曾治愈了幾乎所有的細(xì)菌性感染，但現(xiàn)在它的效果已經(jīng)大大不如以前了。〔紅色字體譯為定語從句〕Penicillindrugs,whichcurednearlyallbacterialinfectionsseveraldecadesago,arenowmuchlesseffectiveagainstthem.55整理課件我的助手雖然做實(shí)驗(yàn)前仔細(xì)通讀過說明書，但由于生搬硬套，故未能得出滿意的結(jié)果?！布t色字體譯為定語從句〕〔生搬硬套：機(jī)械地遵循，前有instructions,注意動詞〕Myassistant,whohadcarefullyreadthroughtheinstructionsbeforedoinghisexperiment,couldnotobtainsatisfactoryresults,becausehefollowedthemmechanically.56整理課件Hereadthroughthemanuscript.他把手稿從頭到尾看了。ManualmanufactureWeread(through)theminutesofthelastmeeting.我們〔從頭到尾〕把上次會議記錄看了一遍.minutes會議記錄；備忘錄；分鐘〔minute的復(fù)數(shù)〕57整理課件Read

throughthispassageandthenboilitdowninthreesentences.把這段文字讀一遍,然后將它縮短成3句話。在您操作新購置的天平之前,請詳細(xì)閱讀安裝與操作說明書Pleaseread

throughtheseinstallationandoperatinginstructionscarefullybeforeoperatingyournewbalance.58整理課件決不要盲目或機(jī)械地照抄外國的東西。Nevercopyforeignthingsblindlyormechanically.對先進(jìn)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)我們應(yīng)該因地制宜，不應(yīng)生搬硬套?！沧⒁鈩釉~的前后照應(yīng)〕Weshouldapplyadvancedexperienceaccordingtolocalconditionsandshouldn'tapplyitmechanically.memorizemechanically死記硬背59整理課件譯成時間狀語從句Water,thetemperatureofwhichreaches100℃,beginstoboil.當(dāng)水的溫度到達(dá)100℃時，開始沸騰。Veryloudsoundsproducedbyhugeplaneswhichflylowoverthelandcancausedamagetohouse.巨型飛機(jī)低空飛行時產(chǎn)生的巨大轟鳴，足以摧毀房屋。60整理課件電通過燈泡里的鎢絲〔tungstenwire〕時，會使鎢絲變熱?！沧g為定語從句〕Electricitywhichispassedthroughthetungstenwireinsidethebulbmakesthewireveryhot.61整理課件電供給電燈時，會變成光能?！沧g為定語從句〕Electricalenergythatissuppliedtoalampcanbeturnedintolightenergy.〔譯為定語從句〕Acoilofwirethatmovesinamagneticfieldwillhaveanelectromotiveforceinducedinit.當(dāng)線圈在磁場中運(yùn)動時，其內(nèi)部會感應(yīng)起一個電動勢。62整理課件采用合譯法，將以下各定語從句譯成“的〞字結(jié)構(gòu)的定語

Thepeoplewhousebiometriclocksnolonge