雅思閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)真題解析之南極氣候雅思閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)真題解析-南極氣候

Antarctica-infromthecold?

AAlittleoveracenturyago,menoftheilkofScott,ShackletonandMawsonbattledagainstAntarctica'sblizzards,coldanddeprivation.InthenameofEmpireandinanageofheroicdeedstheycreatedanimageofAntarcticathatwastolastwellintothe20thcentury-animageofremoteness,hardship,bleaknessandisolationthatwastheprovinceofonlythemostcourageousofmen.Theimagewasoneofaplaceremovedfromeverydayreality,ofaplacewithnoapparentvaluetoanyone.

BAsweenterthe21stcentury,ourperceptionofAntarcticahaschanged.AlthoughphysicallyAntarcticaisnocloserandprobablynowarmer,andtospendtimetherestilldemandsadedicationnotseeninordinarylife,thecontinentanditssurroundingoceanareincreasinglyseentoanintegralpartofPlanetEarth,andakeycomponentintheEarthSystem.Isthisbecausetheworldseemsalittlesmallerthesedays,shrunkbyTVandtourism,orisitbecauseAntarcticareallydoesoccupyacentralspotonEarth'smantle?Scientificresearchduringthepasthalfcenturyhasrevealed-andcontinuestoreveal-thatAntarctica'sgreatmassandlowtemperature

exertamajorinfluenceonclimateandoceancirculation,factorswhichinfluencethelivesofmillionsofpeopleallovertheglobe.

CAntarcticawasnotalwayscold.Theslowbreak-upofthesuper-continentGondwanawiththenorthwardmovementsofAfrica,SouthAmerica,IndiaandAustraliaeventuallycreatedenoughspacearoundAntarcticaforthedevelopmentofanAntarcticCircumpolarCurrent(ACQ,thatflowedfromwesttoeastundertheinfluenceoftheprevailingwesterlywinds.Antarcticacooled,itsvegetationperished,glaciationbeganandthecontinenttookonitspresent-dayappearance.Todaytheicethatoverliesthebedrockisupto4kmthick,andsurfacetemperaturesaslowas-89.2degChavebeenrecorded.Theicyblastthathowlsovertheicecapandouttosea-theso-calledkatabaticwind-canreach300km/hr,creatingfearsomewind-chilleffects.

DOutofthisextremeenvironmentcomesomepowerfulforcesthatreverberatearoundtheworld.TheEarth'srotation,coupledtothegenerationofcellsoflowpressureofftheAntarcticcoast,wouldallowAstronautsaviewofAntarcticathatisasbeautifulasitisawesome.Spinningawaytothenortheast,thecellsgrowanddeepen,whippinguptheSouthernOceanintothemountainousseassorespectedbymariners.RecentworkisshowingthatthetemperatureoftheoceanmaybeabetterpredictorofrainfallinAustraliathanisthepressuredifferencebetweenDarwinandTahiti-theSouthernOscillationIndex.Byreceivingmoreaccuratepredictions,graziersinnorthernQueenslandareabletoavoidoverstockinginyearswhenrainfallwillbepoor.Notonlydoesthislimittheirlossesbutitpreventsseriouspasturedegradationthatmaytakedecadestorepair.CSIROisdevelopingthisasaprototypeforecastingsystem,butwecanconfidentlypredictthatasweknowmoreabouttheAntarcticandSouthernOceanwewillbeabletoenhanceandextendourpredictiveability.

ETheocean'ssurfacetemperatureresultsfromtheinterplaybetweendoep-wa,tertemperature,airtemperatureandice.Eachwinterbetween4and19millionsquarekmofseaiceform,lockinguphugequantitiesofheatclosetothecontinent.OnlynowcanwestarttounraveltheinfluenceofseaiceontheweatherthatisexperiencedinsouthernAustralia.ButinanotherwaytheextentofseaiceextendsitsinfluencefarbeyondVAntarctica.Antarctickrill-thesmallshrimp-likecrustaceansthatarethestapledietforbaleenwhales,penguins,someseals,flightedseabirdsandmanyfish-breedwellinyearswhenseaiceisextensiveandpoorlywhenitisnot.Maryspeciesofbaleenwhalesandflightedseabirdsmigratebetweenthehemispheresandwhenthekrillarelessabundanttheydonotthrive.

FThecirculatorysystemoftheworld'soceansislikeahugeconveyorbelt,movingwateranddissolvedmineralsandnutrientsfromonehemispheretotheother,andfromtheocean'sabyssaldepthstothesurface.TheACCisthelongestcurrentintheworld,andhasthelargestflow.Throughit,thedeepflowsoftheAtlantic,IndianandPacificOceansarejoinedtoformpartofasingleglobalthermohalinccirculation.Duringwinter,thehowlingkatabaticssometimesscourtheiceoffpatchesofthesea'ssurfaceleavingLargeice-lockedlagoons,or'polynyas'.Recentresearchhasshownthatasfreshseaiceforms,itiscontinuouslystrippedawaybythewindandmaybeblownupto90kminasingleday.Sinceonlyfreshwaterfreezesintoice,thewaterthatremainsbccom.csincreasinglysaltyanddense,sinkinguntilitspillsoverthecontinentalshelf.Coldwatercarriesmoreoxygenthanwarmwater,sowhenitrises,wellintothenorthernhemisphere,itreoxygenatesandrevitalisestheocean.Thestateofthenorthernoceans,andtheirbiologicalproductivity,owemuchtowhathappensintheAntarctic.

Question14-18

ThereadingPassagehastenparagraphsA-J.

Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation?

WritethecorrectletterA-F,inboxes14-18onyouranswersheet.

14.introductionofamillmanunderawards

15.thedefinitionofanimportantgeographicalterm

16.arivalagainstHarrison’sinventionemerged

17.problemsofsailorencounteredinidentifyingthepostiononthesea

18.economicassistfromanothercounterpart

Question19-21

Summary

PleasematchthenaturalphenomenonwithcorrectdeterminedfactorChoosethecorrectanswerfromthebox;WritethecorrectletterA-Finboxes19-21onyouranswersheet.

19.Globally,massAntarctica’ssizeand_________influencetheclimatechange.

20.__________contributorytowesternwind.

21.SouthernOscillationIndexbasedonairpressurecanpredict__________inAustralia.

AAntarcticCircumpolarCurrent(ACC)

BkatabaticwindsCrainfall

DtemperatureEglaciers

Fpressure

Question22-26

Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD.

Writeyouranswersinboxes22-26onyouanswersheet.

22IntheparagraphB,theauthorwanttotellwhichofthe

followingtruthaboutAntarctic?

AToshowAntarcticahasbeenacentraltopicofglobalwarminginMassmedia

BToillustrateitshugeseeicebringsfoodtomillionlivestoplacesintheworld

CToshowitistheheartanditssignificancetotheglobalclimateandcurrent

DToillustrateitlocatesinthecentralspotonEarthgeographically

23WhydoAustralianfarmersKeepaneyeontheAntarcticoceantemperature?

AHelpfarmersreducetheireconomicorecologicallosses

BRetrievegrasslanddecreasedintheovergrazingprocess

CPreventanimalfromdying

DAcellprovidesfertilizerforthegrassland

24Whatisthefinaleffectofkatabaticwinds?

AIncreasethemovingspeedofoceancurrent

BIncreasesaltlevelnearoceansurface

CBringfreshiceintosouthernoceans

DPileupthemountainousicecaprespectedbymariners

25Thebreakofthecontinentalshelfisduetothe

ASaltanddensityincrease

BSaltanddensitydecrease

Cglobalwarmingresultingarisingtemperature

Dfreshicemeltingintooceanwater

26ThedecreaseinnumberofWhalesandseabirdsisdueto

Akillerswhalesarcmoreactivearound

BSeabirdsareaffectedbyhighsealevelsalty

Clessseaicereducesproductivityoffoodsource

Dsealsfailtoreproducebabies

篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

體裁

說(shuō)明文

題目

南極洲的自然環(huán)境及其對(duì)全球氣候和水循環(huán)等的影響

結(jié)構(gòu)

A段：之前的南極洲被人類遺忘，毫無(wú)價(jià)值

B段：21世紀(jì)，人類對(duì)南極洲有了新的認(rèn)識(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)它對(duì)氣候，海洋環(huán)流有重大影響

C段：南極洲氣候變化是如何形成的

D段：關(guān)于南極洲氣候的預(yù)測(cè)對(duì)澳大利亞農(nóng)業(yè)的影響

E段：南澳大利亞的海冰對(duì)海洋生態(tài)（動(dòng)物）的影響

F段：南極海冰為北半球帶來(lái)積極影響

G段：南極洲的強(qiáng)大影響力得到人類肯定

試題分析

Question14-18

題目類型：段落信息配對(duì)題

Question19-21

題目類型：填空題

Question22-26

題目類型：選擇題

題號(hào)

定位詞

文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)

題目解析

14

Weatherprediction,agriculture

D段第五，六句

D段第五六兩句提到“通過(guò)接收更為準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測(cè)，放牧人能夠·······。這不僅會(huì)減少他們的損失，還可以阻止嚴(yán)重的草場(chǎng)退化”

放牧人，草場(chǎng)等關(guān)鍵詞可以表明這是氣候預(yù)測(cè)對(duì)畜牧業(yè)（農(nóng)業(yè)）的影響

因此本答案為D

15

Seaice,ocean’svitality

F段倒數(shù)第二句

F段倒數(shù)第二句中關(guān)鍵詞“itreoxygenatesandrevitalizestheocean”it（Antarcticseaice）給海洋補(bǔ)充氧氣和重新激活海洋

因此本答案為F

16

Foodchain,animalslivingpattern

E段最后兩句

E段第三句進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)折了之后的兩句，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明

Seaice對(duì)海洋生物鏈的影響

“Antarctickrill（thatarethestapledietforbaleenwhales,penguins,someseals,flightedseabirdsandmanyfish）在海冰充裕時(shí)，很豐富；當(dāng)海冰減少時(shí)，數(shù)量減少導(dǎo)致許多長(zhǎng)須鯨和海鳥(niǎo)離開(kāi)”

因此本答案為E

17

How,Atmospherepressure,globalclimatechange

C段最后一句

C段首句說(shuō)“南極洲并不總是很冷的”接著一步一步解釋了南極洲氣候變化形成的過(guò)程，最終katabaticwind為全球制造了可怕的風(fēng)冷卻效果

因此本答案為C

18

Once,forgotten,insignificant

A段第三句

A段第二句中對(duì)Antarctic的形容是“animageofremoteness,hardship,bleaknessandisolation”這是一幅遙遠(yuǎn)，艱難，陰郁，與世隔絕的景象

最后一句提到“oneofaplaceremovedfromeverydayreality,······withnoapparentvaluetoanyone”是一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)離日?，F(xiàn)實(shí)，對(duì)任何人沒(méi)有明顯價(jià)值的地方

因此本答案為A

19

Antarctica’ssize,climatechange

B段最后一句

B段最后一句中總結(jié)“Scientificresearchrevealed-andcontinuestorevealsthatAntarctic’sgreatmassandlowtemperatureexertamajorinfluenceonclimateandoceancirculation,····”

因此本答案為D

20

Westernwind

C段第二句

C段第二句“···create···forthedevelopmentofanACC,thatflowedfromwesttoeastundertheinfluenceoftheprevailingwesterlywinds.”

最終發(fā)展形成的ACC影響盛行的西風(fēng)從西向東流動(dòng)

因此本答案為A

21

SouthernOscillationIndex,Australia

D段第四句

D段第四句“···thetemperatureoftheoceanmaybeabetterpredictorofrainfallthanis·······SouthernOscillationIndex”

本句有一個(gè)比較級(jí)說(shuō)明海洋的溫度和southernoscillationindex都是用來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)rainfall的

因此本答案為C

22

Heart,significance,climateandcurrent

B段最后一句

B段最后一句中的amajorinfluenceonclimateandoceancirculation正是itistheheartanditssignificancetotheglobalclimateandcurrent的同義句

因此本答案為C

23

Reduce,economiclosses

D段第五句，第六句

D段中第五句提到“通過(guò)接收更為準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測(cè)，當(dāng)?shù)胤拍寥四軌虮苊庠诮涤炅坎蛔愕臅r(shí)期過(guò)度放牧”緊接著第六句說(shuō)“Notonlydoesthislimittheirlosses·········”這會(huì)減少他們的損失

因此本答案為A

24

Freshice,southernoceans

F段第五句

F段第五句中提到“Recentresearchhasshownthatasfreshseaiceforms,itiscontinuouslystrippedaway······”這表明下沉狂風(fēng)katabatics會(huì)造成新的海冰形成

因此本答案為C

25

Salt,densityincrease

F段第六句

F段第六句詳細(xì)指出“因?yàn)橹挥行迈r的水才能結(jié)凍成冰，殘留的水變得越來(lái)越saltyanddense,下沉直到從continentalshelf剝落而沉下去”

因此本答案為A

26

Seaice,foodsource

E段最后一句

E段尾句表明“當(dāng)海冰減少時(shí)，krill不豐富時(shí)，baleenwhalesandflightedseabirds會(huì)離開(kāi)，在南半球之間遷徙”

因此本答案為C

參考答案：

Version__主題南極洲氣候

14

D

15

F

16

E

17

C

18

A

19

D

20

A

21

C

22

C

23

A

24

C

25

C

26

C

雅思閱讀詞匯積累的基本方法

在講方法之前，我們先來(lái)談?wù)劮e累。大家都知道雅閱讀量大，生詞多，學(xué)術(shù)類考試中有很多專業(yè)詞匯，背單詞是很多學(xué)