初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)一覽表語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目構(gòu)成用法象征詞規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞用原形三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)-s/es表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)Every

often

alwayson天in月、季、節(jié)、年。一般-s–es輔音＋y---ieshave----has

Hegoestoschooleveryday.Ioftenhavelunchathome.一般過(guò)去時(shí)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)Be—was/were表過(guò)去某個(gè)、段時(shí)間內(nèi)動(dòng)作及狀態(tài)ago/justnow/In1998last/yesterday等一般/去e雙寫(xiě)/輔＋y結(jié)尾－iedgo-wentcome-camedo-didleave-left等Hewrotealetteryesterday.Istudiedhardlastyear.一般將來(lái)時(shí)begoingto＋V原will/shall+V原在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間或某段時(shí)要做的事tomorrow/afternext/tonight

in2010

Gocomeleavestayfly等用進(jìn)行表將來(lái)Areyougoingtoread?Heiscomingtomorrow.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)be＋doing表此時(shí)此刻正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)listen

look

nowallthetime

Don’t…一般去e雙寫(xiě)+ingtie

die

lie–變ie為y加ingTomiswritingnow.Theyarelyingonthebed.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行have/has+PPhave/hasbeen+doing發(fā)生在過(guò)去影響在現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)等含糊的頻率副詞

already

just

neverever分詞規(guī)則的同過(guò)去式是一樣的不規(guī)則的動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞需逐個(gè)記憶Ihavebeenteachingfor8years.Hehassleptfortwodays..過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+doing多用于復(fù)合句中表在過(guò)去某時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作atthistimeyesterdaylastSundayevening一般去e雙寫(xiě)+ingtie

die

lie–變ie為y加ingHewasreadingatthattimelastFriday過(guò)去完成時(shí)had+動(dòng)過(guò)去分詞多用于復(fù)合句中該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的過(guò)去bythetime＋過(guò)去時(shí)when

after

before規(guī)則的分詞構(gòu)成與過(guò)去時(shí)一樣的需要逐個(gè)記憶詳見(jiàn)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表Wehadlearnt2000wordsbytheendof

lastyear.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)would+V原形多用賓語(yǔ)從句中過(guò)去看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)Hesaidthathe…thenextday.

Hesaidthathewouldcomeherethenextday.比較級(jí)形式形容副詞名詞后--er前加more名詞比較用more表示兩個(gè)人、物之間進(jìn)行比較時(shí)than/much/alittlefar/inthetwo等一般/去e雙寫(xiě)/輔＋y結(jié)尾－iergood/well—better

much/many—moreSheisthetallinthetwo.HerunsfasterthanTom.最高級(jí)形式形容副詞名詞后-est前加most名詞比較用most大于等于三個(gè)人、物之間進(jìn)行比較inthe＋比較范圍ofthe具體的數(shù)字一般/去e雙寫(xiě)/輔＋y結(jié)尾－iestbad/ill/badly-worstfar-farther-farthestSheisthemostbeautifulinherclass.(最高級(jí)加the)動(dòng)詞不定式todo沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化作主語(yǔ)Toreadishelpfulforanybodynow.作賓語(yǔ)Hewantstobuyadictionary.作賓補(bǔ)IhearhimsingyesterdayTomtoldmetoopenit.作表語(yǔ)Hisjobistotakecareofchildren.作狀語(yǔ)He’llgotoseeadoctortomorrow.作定語(yǔ)Hehasmuchhomework

todoeveryday.主從復(fù)合句狀語(yǔ)從句句子作狀語(yǔ)

（時(shí)間地點(diǎn)原因條件讓步比較）HewaswritingaletterwhenIcamein。賓語(yǔ)從句句子作賓語(yǔ)（語(yǔ)序、時(shí)態(tài)、引導(dǎo)詞、客觀(guān)事實(shí)）HeaskedmeifIhadbeentoBeijingbefore.定語(yǔ)從句句子作定語(yǔ)（修飾名詞或代詞的句子、注意先行詞）Isawthemanwhowasstealingmybikeyesterday主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)與被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)（人、物）+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者+及物動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)作承受者被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)（人、物）+bePP+by賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)作承受者+

be

PP+by動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中沒(méi)有可以省to的不定式We

speak

English.主語(yǔ)

謂語(yǔ)

賓語(yǔ)English

isspoken

byus

賓改主

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be

PP

主by主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)，先找主、謂、賓，賓改主、主by賓，代詞變格要細(xì)心，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞bepp,時(shí)態(tài)隨主、數(shù)隨被

PP是及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞加ed或不規(guī)則詳見(jiàn)表被動(dòng)句的時(shí)態(tài)（be）隨主動(dòng)句的時(shí)態(tài)（do）人稱(chēng)和數(shù)應(yīng)隨被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)(am、is、are、was、were等)初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法練習(xí)題單項(xiàng)選擇16、Iwonderusedfor.A．whatwasthisroomB．whichwasthisroomC．whatthisroomwasD．thatthisroomwas17、Ireallydon'tknow.A．wherehewasbornB．whereheisbornC．wherewashebornD．whereisheborn18、Wehavenoiden.A．howworriedwasheB．howworriedhewasC．thatwasheworriedD．whatwasheworried19、Hewantedtoknowthere.A．howlongtimeIhadbeenB．howlonghadIbeenC．howlongIhadbeenD．howlongIwas20、Mymotherwantstoknow.A．howisTomgettingalongB．howheisgettingalongC．whatishegettingalongD．whatheisgettingalong21、Whatshallwedoitrainstomorrow?A．ifB．whenC．since22、Thedoctordidn'thavearesttheoperationwasover.A．beforeB．a(chǎn)fterC．until23、Shedidn'tgotothecinemashewasverybusy.A．whenB．untilC．because24、Hisparentsdidn'tsendtheirchildrentoschoollifewashard.A．ifB．whileC．because25、Finishdoingyourhomeworkyougotobed.A．beforeB．untilC．a(chǎn)fter26、Thefilmwasinterestingallofuswantedtoseeitagain.A．a(chǎn)s,asB．so,thatC．such,that27、heheardagirlcryingforhelpoutside,herushedoutoftheroom.A．BeforeB．AssoonasC．a(chǎn)fter28、TherearestudentsinClassOneinClassTwo.A．a(chǎn)smany,thanB．a(chǎn)smuch,asC．more,thanD．somany,as29、IwaswatchingTV,mysisterwasliteningtotheradioprogramme.A．AfterB．WhileC．Before30、Let'swaitforhimheback.A．until,willcomeB．until,cameC．if,willcomeD．until,comes31、I'llrememberhertheletter.A．giveB．gaveC．togive32、Heturnedontheradioandstoppedtotheradio.A．listenedB．tolistenC．listening33、Hehaddecideditagain.A．writtenB．writingC．towrite34、It'scold.Youneedwarmclothes.A．towearB．wearingC．wore35、MrBlackmillagreetherewithyou.A．togoB．wentC．willgo36、Theywereabletolastyear.A．swamB．swimC．swimming37、Sheispleasedherfriend.A．tomeetB．metC．meeting38、Theyweresorrythat.A．tohearB．heardC．hearing39、Heissuretomorrow.A．tocomeB．willcomeC．coming40、Teachertoldusquiet.A．isB．a(chǎn)reC．tobe41、Hewillteachmethisyear.A．toskateB．skatingC．skated42、Theyaskedhimanynoise.A．notmakingB．nomakeC．nottomake43、DidyouhearherthesonginEnglishlastnight?A．singB．sangC．tosingD．sings44、Thestudentsdon'tknownext.A．todowhatB．whattodoC．whatdoD．dowhat45、Thebossmadethemtenhoursaday.A．workedB．workingC．workD．towork