非謂語動詞精講PAGEPAGE4非謂語動詞基本概念及用法動詞不定式todo現(xiàn)在分詞v-ing過去分詞v-edThinkingabouttheseexamples:thebridgetobebuilt將建造的橋,thebridgebeingbuilt正在建造的橋,thebridgebuilt已經(jīng)建好的橋二、謂語與非謂語的比較非謂語動詞是漢語中沒有的語言現(xiàn)象。漢語中幾個謂語動詞連用而動詞不用作任何形式的變化。如：他明天來拜訪你。翻譯成英語不是Hewillcomevisityou，而是Hewillcometovisityou.這里就用了不定式tovisit。因此同學(xué)們要特別注意弄清句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。例：Tomsatunderatreeandseeinghisfriend,upinnotime.A.tostandB.standingC.stoodD.wouldstand分析：stood是與sat并列的謂語。非謂語動詞的語法功能所能充當?shù)某煞种髡Z表語賓語賓語補足語定語狀語V-ing形式現(xiàn)在分詞△△△△動名詞△△△△不定式（todo）△△△△△△過去分詞(done)△△△△Exercise：找出“非謂語動詞”，并判斷作何成分Toseeistobelieve.Seeingisbelieving.Itisnotaneasythingtomasteralanguage.Mysuggestionistostartworkatonce.Theyfounditimpossibletogeteverythingreadyintime.Haveyouanythingtodeclare?Heboughtabicycletogototownmorequickly.Didyouseeanyoneenterthehouse?Hesawhisfathertalkingwithhisteacher.Ionceheardhimsingthissong.Thebossmadethemworkfrommorningtillnight.Theyweremadetoworkfrommorningtillnight.Thesituationisencouraging.Shelookeddisappointed.Theylivedinaroomfacing(=thatfaced)thesouth.Thehousestanding(=thatstands)atthecornerofthestreetwasbuiltin1955.Isthisthebookrecommendedbyourteacher?Themeetingheldlastweekisveryimportant.Themeetingbeingheldisveryimportant.Themeetingtobeheldnextweekisveryimportant.Pleasetellmethesubjectstobediscussedatthenextmeeting.非謂語形式構(gòu)成時態(tài)語態(tài)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)否定式主動被動不定式一般式todotobedoneforsb.todosth.或ofsb.todosth.在“to”前加not或never進行式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成式tobedoing/完成進行式tohavebeendoing/動名詞一般式doingbeingdonesb.或sb’sdoing作主語要用sb’sdoing在前加not特別注意復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的否定式：sb’snotdoingsb’snothavingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone現(xiàn)在分詞與動名詞變化形式相同在前加not做賓語的非謂語動詞比較情況常用動詞只接不定式做賓語的動詞hope,want,offer,long,fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,pretend,manage,agree,afford,determine,promise,happen只接動名詞做賓語的動詞或短語mind,miss,enjoy,imagine,practise,suggest,finish,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,prevent,keep,dislike,avoid,risk,resistfeellike,succeedin,befondof,objectto,getdownto,beengagedin,insiston,thinkof,beproudof,takepridein,setabout,beafraidof,betiredof,lookforwardto,devoteoneselfto,beworth,bebusy,payattentionto,stickto兩者都可以意義基本相同begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,continue（接不定式多指具體的動作，接動名詞多指一般或習(xí)慣行為）need,want,require（主語與動名詞之間存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，接動名詞主動形式表示被動意義，若接不定式則應(yīng)用被動形式）意義相反stoptodo停止手中所做的事，去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在做的事意義不同remember/forget/regrettodo（指動作尚未發(fā)生）remember/forget/regretdoing（指動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生）goontodo（接著做另外一件事）goondoing（接著做同一件事）trytodo（設(shè)法，努力去做，盡力）trydoing（試試去做，看有何結(jié)果）meantodo（打算做，企圖做）meandoing（意思是，意味著）can’thelp（to）do（不能幫忙做）can’thelpdoing（忍不住要做）beconsideredtohavedone被認為已經(jīng)做了consider…tobe認為是considerdoing考慮做某事作主語表示經(jīng)常性，常用動名詞作主語，表示某一次，常用動詞不定式作主語，有時為了對稱，主語，賓語（或表語）要么都用不定時，要么都用動名詞___isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.

A.ThewalkB.WalkingC.TowalkD.Walk2.Toanswercorrectlyismoreimportantthan_____.

A.thatyoufinishquicklyB.finishingquicklyC.tofinishquicklyD.finishquickly答案:1.B2.C動名詞的完成式一般不做主語Itwas____computergamesthatcosttheboyalotoftimethatheoughttohavespentonhislessons.（D為什么不行？）

A.tohaveplayedB.playingC.playedD.havingplayed________thehomeworkmadehisfatherlosehistemper.（但復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可以）

A.Theboy’snothavingdoneB.Theboynothavingdone

C.Theboy’shavingnotdoneD.Theboyhavingnotdone答案:1.B2.A作賓語動詞不定式和動名詞都可作賓語有些動詞只能跟不定式作賓語這類及物動詞常見的有：

agree(同意),ask(請、要),attempt(試圖),afford付得起agree同意ask要求apply申請care(想要),choose(決定、要),decide(決定),desire(希望),determine(決心),help幫助expect(期望),fail(未能),hope(希望),intend(打算),learn(學(xué)習(xí)),manage(設(shè)法),offer(愿意),plan(計劃、打算),pretend(假裝),refuse(拒絕、謝絕),wish(希望)等等promise答應(yīng)want想要wish希望有些動詞只能跟動名詞作賓語下列動詞習(xí)慣上可接動名詞作賓語，但不能接不定式作賓語：

admit承認advise建議allow允許appreciate感激avoid避免consider考慮delay推遲deny否認discuss討論dislike不喜歡enjoy喜愛escape逃脫excuse原諒fancy設(shè)想finish完成forbid禁止forgive原諒giveup放棄imagine想像keep保持mention提及mind介意miss沒趕上pardon原諒permit允許practise練習(xí)prevent阻止?搖prohibit禁止putoff推jobs

A.cameB.comingC.tocomeD.havingcome【2011陜西卷】14.Clairehadluggage_______anhourbeforeherplaneleft.

A.checkB.checkingC.tocheckD.checked答案:1.C2.D3.B4.B5.D非謂語的完成式動詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞都有完成式。主要是把非謂語的動作和謂語的動作相比較，非謂語的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作的前面。與謂語動作是什么時態(tài)無關(guān)。如：動詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式_______aletter,hedecidedtosentatelegram.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived

謂語動作是decide,非謂語動作是decided;沒有收到來信在先，然后才決定IsBobstillperforming?Iamafraidnot.Heissaid___thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.

A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleft謂語動作是issaid,是一般現(xiàn)在時，說明現(xiàn)在情況，非謂語動作是離開舞臺；先離開后來人們才說。動名詞的完成式Irememberhavinglentyou$100,butyouhaven’tpaiditback.

謂語動作是remember,現(xiàn)在記得；而非謂語lent,應(yīng)在remember動作之前。不過我們也可說Irememberlendingyou$100.動名詞的完成式在非正式文體中常用一般式代替。這是動名詞的完成式不常考的原因。過去分詞沒有完成式為什么呢？看下例：_____thatitwasgoingtosnow,theclimbersdecidedtoputofftheirattemptonthehighestmountain.

A.HavingtoldB.HavingbeentoldC.TellD.Telling非謂語和句子主要構(gòu)成了被動，但B可以理解為現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動式非謂語的進行式Whentheteacherentered,thepupilpretendedtobedoingtheexperiment.Heisthoughttobehidinginthewoods.Mysonpretended_______whenIcameback.

A.tosleepB.sleeping C.beingsleeping D.tobesleeping【2011上海卷】Todaywehavechatrooms,textmessaging,emailing…butweseem_____theartofcommunicatingface-to-face.

A.losing B.tobelosing C.tobelost D.havinglost答案:1.D2B非謂語的被動式Whoistheman____now?

A.operatingonB.operatedonC.beingoperatedonD.tobeoperatedonThebuilding____willbecompletedinamonth.Itwillbeourlabbuilding.

A.topaintB.beingpaintedC.tohavepaintedD.paintingThequestion______nowatthemeetingisnotthequestion______yesterday.

A.discussed;discussedB.discussing;haddiscussed

C.beingdiscussed;discussedD.discussing;discussing_______twiceayear,whetheritisacarorabusoratruck,istherulethateverydrivermustobeyinthiscity.

A.BeingexaminedB.ExaminedC.ExaminingD.HavingbeenexaminedWeasked___toworkinthecountryside.

A.tobesentB.tosendC.tobesendingD.sending答案:1.C2.B3.C4.A5.A

非謂語動詞強化訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.用所給動詞的適當形式填空1.Thechildrenallturned(look)atthefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom.解析：當那女明星走進教室時，所有的孩子都轉(zhuǎn)身看她。用不定式表目的。答案：tolook2.Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruit(grow)onhisownfarm.解析：早餐他只喝在自家農(nóng)場種植的新鮮水果制成的果汁。此處用過去分詞作后置定語，表示已經(jīng)完成及被動的意思。答案：grown3.Allofthemtrytousethepoweroftheworkstation(present)informationinamoreeffectiveway.解析：句意：他們都努力使用工作站的力量以便用一種更有效的方式提供情報。topresentinformationinamoreeffectiveway是不定式短語作目的狀語。答案：topresent4.(bite)twice，thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechainedourdog.解析：由于被咬過兩次，除非我們把狗拴起來，否則那郵遞員不愿意送信給我們。thepostman與bite是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞作狀語，表被動。答案：Bitten5.Asmallplanecrashedintoahillsidefivemileseastofthecity，(kill)allfourpeopleonboard.解析：一架小型飛機墜毀于城市以東5公里處的山坡上，機上四人全部死亡。表主動，用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。答案：killing6.Withthegovernment'said，those(affect)bytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.解析：在政府的援助下，那些受地震影響的人們已經(jīng)搬到新的定居點。用過去分詞affected作后置定語修飾those。答案：affected7.Billsuggested(hold)ameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation.解析：比爾建議開會就假期為上海世博會做些什么進行討論。suggest后接動名詞作賓語。答案：holding8.Davidthreatened(report)hisneighbortothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.解析：戴維威脅說，他鄰居如果不賠償損失，他就要報案。threaten后接不定式作賓語且report和David是主動關(guān)系。答案：toreport9.(complete)theprojectintime，thestaffwereworkingatweekends.解析：由后半句句意“全體工作人員周末都在工作”可知，前半句表示“為了及時完成那個項目”，故用動詞不定式作目的狀語。答案：Tocomplete10.(encourage)bytheadvancesintechnology，manyfarmershavesetupwindfarmsontheirland.解析：受科技進步的鼓舞，許多農(nóng)民已經(jīng)在他們的土地上建造了風(fēng)力發(fā)電廠。根據(jù)句意，encourage和farmers是被動關(guān)系，因此用過去分詞。答案：Encouraged11.Whenwevisitedmyoldfamilyhome，memorycame(flood)back.解析：現(xiàn)在分詞短語作方式狀語。答案：flooding12.(tire)andshortofbreath，AndyandRubywerethefirsttoreachthetopofMountTai.解析：安迪和盧比第一批到達泰山之巔，筋疲力盡且呼吸困難。形容詞作狀語，tired為形容詞化的過去分詞。答案：Tired13.(give)therightkindoftraining，theseteenagesoccerplayersmayonedaygrowintointernationalstars.解析：如果訓(xùn)練得當，這些小足球運動員有朝一日可能成為國際級球星。主語players與give是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞作條件狀語，相當于iftheyaregiven。答案：Given14.Thegovernmentplanstobringinnewlaws(force)parentstotakemoreresponsibilityfortheeducationoftheirchildren.解析：句意：政府計劃制定新的法律，迫使父母對孩子的教育承擔更多的責任。forcingparentstotakemoreresponsibilityfortheeducationoftheirchildren是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語，修飾laws。答案：forcing15.Theplay(produce)nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.解析：根據(jù)句中時間狀語nextmonth，可知這里表示將要發(fā)生的動作，所以用不定式，動詞produce與主語theplay之間構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，所以用不定式的被動形式。答案：tobeproduced16.Istillremember(take)totheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.解析：remembertodosth.記得要做某事(該事情未發(fā)生)；rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事(該事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生)。依據(jù)后文的“whatIsawthere”可知這里說的是記得已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情；再者take的賓語就是句子的主語，二者間是動賓關(guān)系，用被動形式，所以選beingtaken。答案：beingtaken17.Theyusecomputerstokeepthetraffic(run)smoothly.解析：keepsth.doing表示“使某動作持續(xù)發(fā)生”。答案：running18.Withtheworldchangingfast，wehavesomethingnew(deal)withallbyourselveseveryday.解析：不定式在這里作后置定語，修飾something，表示要做的事情。其他選項不合題意。答案：todeal19.Michael'snewhouseislikeahugepalace，(compare)withhisoldone.解析：compare的邏輯主語是句子的主語Michael’snewhouse，且二者之間為動賓關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該用過去分詞作狀語。答案：compared20.Attheageof29，Davewasaworker，(live)inasmallapartmentnearBostonand(wonder)whattodoabouthisfuture.解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空白處在句子中作狀語，同時，根據(jù)and連接的動詞跟其邏輯主語的關(guān)系可知，應(yīng)該用動詞的-ing形式。答案：living；wonderingⅡ.用所給動詞的適當形式填空Happinessissomethingtodowithsimplicity.I1(pass)thehousewhenIsuddenlyheardashoutofjoycomefromtheothersideofthewall.Ipeeredover.TherestoodSirHenry2(do)nothinglessthanadanceofcompletelyunashamedecstasy(入迷).Evenwhenheobservedmy3(puzzle)facestaringoverthewall，hedidnotseem4(embarrass)，butshoutedforme5(c