必修第二冊UNIT1CULTURALHERITAGE過基礎(chǔ)·語基落實(一)分類識記單詞——用時少·功效高識記單詞寫對Ⅰ.知其意1．heritagen.____________2．templen.____________3．relicn.____________4．mountn.____________vt.____________vi.____________5．cluen.____________6．damn.____________7．committeen.____________8．fundn.____________9．issuen.____________vt.____________10．documentn.____________vt.____________11．paraden.____________vi.____________12．mirrorn.____________13．roofn.____________14．dragonn.____________15．digitaladj.____________16．imagen.____________17．caven.____________18．quotevt.____________Ⅱ.寫其形1．________n．抗議vi.&vt.(公開)反對；抗議2．________vt.阻止；阻礙；阻撓3．________n．部；司；科4．________n．&vt.企圖；試圖；嘗試5．________adj.值得做的；值得花時間的6．________vt.下載n．下載；已下載的數(shù)據(jù)資料7．________n．過程；進程；步驟vt.處理；加工8．________adj.海外的adv.在海外9．________n．出口；通道vi.&vt.出去；離去10．________prep.各處；遍及；自始至終11．________adv.(far的比較級)更遠；進一步12．________n．意見；想法；看法13．________adv.永遠；長久地14．________n．對比；對照vt.對比；對照15．________vt.&vi.(forgave，forgiven)原諒；寬恕vt.對不起；請原諒核心單詞練透1．Ifeltsohelplessandinsecurebecausethe____________(質(zhì)量)ofmylifewasaffected.[2022·浙江卷1月]2．I'mwritingtoinviteyoutojoinTalkandTalk.ItistenyearssinceTalkandTalkwas____________(創(chuàng)立)．[2022·全國新高考卷應(yīng)用文]3．Asweallknow,itisworthwhileto____________(保存，保護)culturalrelicsandhistoricsites.4．Moreimportantly,itprovidesawonderfulplatformto______________(促進)exchangesbetweenChineseandforeignfriends.[2022·全國新高考卷應(yīng)用文]5．Oncetheregistrationformisreceivedandprocessed，wewillsendaconfirmationemail____________(在……之內(nèi))twobusinessdays.[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]6．Someofhiscareless____________(行為)ledtothelossofthedocument，sohehadtotypeanotheronewithinthelimitedtime.拓展單詞用活【記全記牢】1．createvt.創(chuàng)造→________adj.創(chuàng)造性的；有創(chuàng)造力的；有創(chuàng)意的→________adv.創(chuàng)造性地；有創(chuàng)造力地→________n.創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)作2．likelyadj.可能的adv.可能地→________adj.不可能的3．contributevi.&vt.捐獻；捐助→________n．捐款；貢獻；捐贈4．investigatevi.&vt.調(diào)查；研究→________n．調(diào)查5．a(chǎn)ppearvi.出現(xiàn)→________vi.消失；滅絕；消亡6．conductn．行為；舉止；管理方法vt.組織；安排；帶領(lǐng)→________n．(公車)售票員；列車員；(樂隊)指揮7．entervi.進入→________n．入口；進入8．historyn.歷史→________adj.歷史上著名(或重要)的；有史時期的9．comparevt.比較，比喻→________n．比較；相比【用準(zhǔn)用活】10．Weshouldpassdownourancient________andcultures，suchas________foodsduringtheSpringFestival.(tradition)11．Thewriterpersonally________￡5，000totheearthquakefundlastweekandallhis________weregratefullyreceived.(contribute)12．Knowledgeis________，butmymemory________metorememberonly________information.(limit)13．Inourdailylife,weshouldhavea________diet.What'smore,weshouldkeepa________betweenworkandrelaxationforthebenefitofourhealth.(balance)14．The________generously________foodandmoneytothepoorfamilyandhis________helpedthemgothroughthehardtime.(donate)15．Hewastalentedandbecamea________(profession)memberattheageof17withthehopeofwinningthequalificationofenteringtheOlympicGames.(二)語境記憶短語——不枯燥·興趣高記全記牢1．____________參與(某事)；參加(某活動)2．____________讓步；屈服3．____________保持平衡4．____________導(dǎo)致5．____________提出建議6．____________向……求助7．____________阻止；不準(zhǔn)8．____________向……捐贈……9．____________確保；設(shè)法保證10．____________在世界各地11．____________紫禁城12．____________在……入口處用準(zhǔn)用活選用左欄短語填空1．Frommypointofview，workandlifeareofequalimportance，soyoushould________betweenthem.2．Allthestudentsinourschool,whoareinterestedinthisactivity,areableto__________it.3．__________youwillbedevotedtothetrainingandteamwork.4．Weshoulddevoteourselvesto__________theendangeredanimals__________dyingout.5．Astopresents,I____________thatyou(should)choosesomewithNewZealandfeatures,whichisboundtowinyourfriend'saffection.·會積累聯(lián)想拓展·1．否定前綴un-高頻詞①unfit不合適的②unfair不公平的③unusual不尋常的④unlikely不可能的⑤unfortunate不幸的⑥uncomfortable不舒服的2．dis否定前綴詞精選①disagreevi.不同意②dislikevt.不喜歡③disappearvi.消失④disappointvt.使失望⑤discouragevt.使氣餒⑥discovervt.發(fā)現(xiàn)3．“導(dǎo)致”一家親①resultin②cause③accountfor④contributeto⑤leadto⑥bringabout⑦giveriseto(三)仿寫用活句式——造佳句·表達高句式背誦句式仿寫句型1句式：Therecomesatimewhen...……的時代已經(jīng)到來Therecomesatimewhentheoldmustgivewaytothenew,anditisnotpossibletopreserveeverythingfromourpastaswemovetowardsthefuture.新舊更替的時代已經(jīng)到來，在走向未來的過程中，我們不可能將過去的一切都保存下來。1.人類共同保護我們的地球家園的時代到來了。__________________________________________________________wehumanbeingsworktogethertoprotectourhomeland—theEarth.句型2It'ssaidthat...據(jù)說……Itissaidthatit'samirrorthatcantellrightfromwrong!據(jù)說這是一面可以分辨是非的鏡子！2.上周，我們學(xué)校舉辦了一場5公里越野賽。據(jù)說500多名學(xué)生參加了這場比賽。Ourschoolhelda5-kilometercross-countryrunningracelastweek.__________________________________________.句型3neither...nor...“既不……也不……”Neitherpeoplenorbuildingslastforever,butChenLei'sphotoscanhelpusrememberthem.人與建筑都不是永恒的，但是陳磊的照片可以幫助我們記住他們。3.不從錯誤中吸取教訓(xùn)，我們既不能提高技能，也不能實現(xiàn)我們的目標(biāo)。Withoutlearningalessonfromourmistakes,wewould__________________________realizeourgoals.句型4notonly...but(also)．..不但……而且……Notonlyhadthecountriesfoundapathtothefuturethatdidnotrunovertherelicsofthepast，buttheyhadalsolearntthatitwaspossibleforcountriestoworktogethertobuildabettertomorrow.這些國家不僅找到了一條不以犧牲古跡為代價的未來發(fā)展之路，而且明白了多個國家合作創(chuàng)造美好未來的可能性。4.通過參加漢語角，你不但可以提高自己的漢語口語，還可以交到新朋友。BygoingtotheChinesecorner,__________________________________________________________．攻重難·解惑釋疑練學(xué)核心單詞1balancen．平衡；均勻vt.使平衡(?balancedadj.平衡的；均衡的)(1)keep/loseone'sbalance保持平衡/失去平衡keepabalancebetweenAandB在A與B之間保持平衡(2)balance...against權(quán)衡，比較(3)keepabalanceddiet保持均衡的飲食[練透]單句語法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Beforemakingthefinaldecision，you'dbetterbalancetheadvantages________thedisadvantages.②Itwouldbeagoodideaifyoucouldkeepa________(balance)diettokeepphysicallyhealthy.(應(yīng)用文之建議信)③為了更有效地學(xué)習(xí)，你最好在線上學(xué)習(xí)和線下學(xué)習(xí)之間保持平衡。[2021·全國乙卷書面表達]Tostudymoreefficiently,_____________________________________________________．2likelyadj.可能的adv.可能地(?unlikelyadj.不可能的adv.不可能地)belikely/unlikelytodosth.很可能/不可能做某事Itislikely/unlikelythat...有可能/不可能……[練透]一句多譯通過這次展覽，你可能會更好地了解中國傳統(tǒng)的繪畫藝術(shù)。[2021·浙江卷6月應(yīng)用文]①____________________youcanunderstandtheartoftraditionalChinesepaintingbetterthroughtheexhibition.②____________________theartoftraditionalChinesepaintingbetterthroughtheexhibition.3limitvt.限制；限定n．限度；限制(?limitedadj.有限的；受限制的?limitlessadj.無限的；無盡的?limitationn．范圍；限制)(1)setalimitto/on限制……beyondthelimit超過限度Thereisa/nolimitto……是有限的/無限的(2)limit...to...把……限定在……范圍內(nèi)[練透]單句語法填空/完成句子①Lifeis________(limit)，butthereisnolimitto________(serve)thepeople.②Hewasborninapoorfamily,andonlyreceived________(limit)educationinhischildhood.③要求你的文章限制在800詞以內(nèi)。如果你的文章超過限度，將不被錄用。(應(yīng)用文之通知)Youarerequiredto__________________．Ifyouressayis________________，itwillnotbeaccepted.4contributevi.&vt.捐獻；捐助；貢獻；投稿；導(dǎo)致(?contributionn．捐獻；貢獻；捐贈)(1)contribute...to...把……貢獻給……contributeto有助于；導(dǎo)致；捐款；投稿(2)makecontributions/acontributionto對……做出貢獻；捐款[練透]單句語法填空/完成句子①Inmyopinion，readingtheEnglishnewspaperregularlydoescontributeto________(improve)myEnglishlevel.[2021·新高考全國Ⅰ應(yīng)用文]②Iattempttocontributethreearticles________thenewspaperonamonthlybasis.③我建議大家共同努力，為保護海洋做出貢獻。[2022·全國甲卷書面表達]Imakeaproposalthatwe______________________________________oceanprotection.5donatevt.(尤指向慈善機構(gòu))捐贈；贈送；獻(血)(?donationn．捐贈?donatorn.捐贈者)(1)donate...to...把……捐贈給……(2)makeadonationto...向……捐贈[練透]單句語法填空/句式升級①NowIamwritingane-mailtotellyousomethingaboutour________(donate)books.(告知信)②Giventhechance,Iwouldmake________(donate)tothosewhostillliveunderthebottomlineofthemodernlivingcondition.③Theoldman________________________(把大量錢捐贈給學(xué)校).Itenablesthestudentstoreturntotheirclassroom.→____________________________________________________________.(分詞作狀語)6attemptvt.&n．企圖；試圖；嘗試(?attemptedadj.企圖的；未遂的)(1)attempttodo/(at)doing...嘗試(試圖)做……(2)makeanattempttodo/(at)doing...嘗試做……atthefirstattempt第一次嘗試[練透]單句語法填空/完成句子①Soonthetearoombecamelivelywitheveryinternationalstudent________(attempt)tomaketheirowntea.②Ifyoufail________thefirstattempt,thereisnoneedtobeupsetaboutit.③在接下來的幾天里，我們試圖到處尋找我們的愛犬Spotty，但都是徒勞。Inthenextfewdays，we____________________________________ourbeloveddogSpottyineachandeverycorner，butinvain.7worthwhileadj.值得做的；值得花時間的(1)Itisworthwhiledoingsth./todosth.做某事是值得的(2)be(well)worthdoing……(非常)值得被做(3)beworthyofbeingdonetobedone[練透]單句語法填空/一句多譯(1)Itisworthwhile____________(make)anefforttopromotethepublicawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.(2)Moreimportantly,thefestivalbroughtmelovelymemoriesandfriendshipsworth________(cherish)forever.[2022·1月浙江應(yīng)用文](3)九寨溝國家公園是一個很值得參觀的自然保護區(qū)。[2021·天津高考短文投稿]①JiuzhaigouNationalParkisanaturereservethat______________________________．(worthy)②JiuzhaigouNationalParkisanaturereservethat______________________________．(worthy)③JiuzhaigouNationalParkisanaturereservethat______________________．(worth)劃重點練全易錯點維度一詞形轉(zhuǎn)換和動詞形式變化1.Beforesheendedherspeech,thescientistsuggestedthatweneedtoestablishacommitteeofexperts____________________(preserve)theculturalheritageandpreventitfrom__________________(harm).2．Wemeta________(profession)archaeologistatthe________(enter)totheGreatPyramid,whoexplainedtous________processofbuildingsuchadifficultstructure.3．Itisofgreatimportancetohavea________(balance)dietandavoideating________(process)food.4．Thecompany,________(establish)in2000,________(donate)agreatdealtocharityinthepastyears.5．Bysharingsomany________(photo)overtheInternet,thegrouphopestopromoteeven________(wide)interestaroundtheworldinChina'sancienthistory,culture,and________(tradition)．6．____________(promote)deepresearchintothewritingsystem,theorganization________(issue)aseriesofplanslastweek.7．Tointroduce________(tradition)Chineseculture,ourschoolwillholdathemeclassmeeting,whichwillbeexhibitedontheEnglishwebsite.[2021·全國甲卷]8．Seeinghisfigure________(disappear)intothickevergreenforest,Ifeltrelieved.[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷讀后續(xù)寫]維度二固定用法和搭配Howtobalanceeconomicdevelopment①____________culturalheritageprotectionislikely②____________(be)acomplexproblem.InEgypttheproposalofbuildingtheAswanDammetwith③____________(protest)forfearofdamagingtheculturalrelics.Mostpeoplethoughtitworththemoney④____________(spend)onittopreserveculturalheritage⑤____________beingdestroyed.Itwasthankstothehardworkandcontributionsofthe⑥____________(globe)communitythattheprojectwascompletedsuccessfully.掌握短語和句式1leadto導(dǎo)致(to為介詞)leadsb.todo...使某人做……leadsb.to...引導(dǎo)某人去……leadtheway帶路lead/livea(n)．..life過著……的生活[練透]單句語法填空/完成句子①Thoughthepath________(lead)tothefarmwasnarrow,weweredelightedtofindourwayhome.②Theirlackofexerciseleads________overweight,whichleadsthem________(set)asidesometimetoworkout.③有那位老人帶路，我們終于走出了樹林。(with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))____________________________，wefinallywalkedoutofthewoods.2turnto轉(zhuǎn)向；求助于；翻到(書的某頁)；查閱；從事于turndown調(diào)小(音量等)；拒絕turnin上交turnup調(diào)大(音量等)；出現(xiàn)turnoff關(guān)上turnout結(jié)果是；證明是turnon打開[練透]單句語法填空/完成句子①Atmywords,withtearsrollingdownhischeeks,Davidturned________meandfirmlyexpressedhisdeterminationtofinishthecross-countryrun.[2022·新課標(biāo)卷讀后續(xù)寫]②Myproposalwasturned________，whichbathedmeinextremesadness.③Anyonewhoistotakepartintheactivitymustturn________therelevantapplicationwithinfivedays.④雖然摘蘋果很累，但結(jié)果是有益而且有趣的。[2020·全國卷Ⅱ滿分作文]Thoughpickingappleswastiring,________________________________________．3句型：Therecomesatimewhen...……的時代已經(jīng)到來(1)Therecomesatimewhen...可看成是一種語序倒裝形式，即here，there等副詞置于句首且主語是名詞時，要把謂語動詞提到主語前；(2)用于該句型的其他動詞：come，stand，lie，live，appear等詞代替be動詞。(教材)Therecomesatimewhentheoldmustgivewaytothenew,anditisnotpossibletopreserveeverythingfromourpastaswemovetowardsthefuture.新舊交替的時代已經(jīng)到來，在邁向未來的過程中，我們不可能將過去的一切都保存下來。[練透]完成句子①越來越多的人通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)來獲取知識的時代到了。[2021·全國乙卷發(fā)言稿]__________________________________________________________bymeansofonlinelearning.②山腳下有一條小河，我們經(jīng)常在那里欣賞美景。(景點介紹)______________________________________________，whereweoftenappreciatethebeautifulscenery.③這兒有一些如何解決這個難題的建議。(建議信)________________________________________onhowtosolvethedifficultproblem.4句型：notonly...butalso...不但……而且……(1)notonly...butalso...不僅……而且……，連接兩個平行結(jié)構(gòu)，當(dāng)連接兩個名詞作主語時，謂語動詞要根據(jù)butalso后的名詞決定單復(fù)數(shù)(就近原則)；(2)notonly位于句首時，notonly后面的句子要用部分倒裝，butalso后面的句子不倒裝。(教材)Notonlyhadthecountriesfoundapathtothefuturethatdidnotrunovertherelicsofthepast，buttheyhadalsolearntthatitwaspossibleforcountriestoworktogethertobuildabettertomorrow.這些國家不僅找到了一條不以犧牲古跡為代價的未來發(fā)展之路，而且明白了多個國家合作創(chuàng)造美好未來的可能性。[練透]一句多譯/句式升級(1)英文報Youth不僅豐富了枯燥的校園生活而且增強了我的學(xué)習(xí)能力。[2021·新高考全國Ⅰ，應(yīng)用文寫作]①TheEnglishnewspaperYouthnotonly______________________________________________．②________________________________________________________________________(倒裝)(2)Theoceansnotonlyprovideuswithabundantresources,buttheyalsoplayaroleinmaintainingthebalanceofourecosystem.[環(huán)境保護，2022·全國甲卷書面表達]→________________________________________________________________________(倒裝)劃重點練透熱考點維度一完成句子/句式升級/一句多譯1.該活動旨在推廣中國文化，將于3月23日(周六)舉行。[2023·德州市二模應(yīng)用文]Theactivity,____________________，willtakeplaceonMarchthe23rd,Saturday.(定語從句)2．我提出一項建議，我們應(yīng)該舉行這樣的活動來保持學(xué)習(xí)和娛樂之間的平衡。________________________________________________________________________.3．我寫信向你道歉，希望你能原諒我的不禮貌行為。(道歉信)I'mwritingtoapologizetoyou,______________________________．4．如果你來到我們的學(xué)校，你可能在你的生活中會遇到一些難題。①Ifyoucometoourschool,you__________________________inyourlife.②Ifyoucometoourschool,________________________somedifficultproblemsinyourlife.(It作形式主語)5．Throughtheexhibition,youcannotonlyadmirewonderfulpictures,butitalsoenablesyoutounderstandtheartoftraditionalChinesepaintingbetter.[2021·浙江高考應(yīng)用文]→________________________________________________________________________(用倒裝句升級)維度二應(yīng)用文練習(xí)根據(jù)提示，運用本單元的詞匯、短語及句式或使用詞匯的正確形式完成下面的語篇Thereisaheritageprotectionclub①__________________________________________________(嘗試保護全世界各地的文化遺產(chǎn)，定語從句).②__________________________(在……過程中)thedigitalsurvey③________(conduct)bythemembers,themembers④______________________________(積極參加)heritagepreservationandidentifyculturalrelicsandtakephotos.Bysharingphotostheynotonlyarousepeople'sawarenessofheritagepreservationbuttheyalsoworktoraisefunds⑤____________________________________________________(用倒裝句升級黑體部分).What'smore,themoney⑥________(donate)isusedtohelp⑦____________________________________(阻止歷史建筑消失).⑧____________________________________________________(依我看，值得加入該俱樂部)測效果·素養(yǎng)提能維度一清除閱讀障礙Ⅰ.一詞多義練根據(jù)語境選出conduct的含義A．vt.帶領(lǐng)；引導(dǎo)B．n.行為；舉止C．vt.傳導(dǎo)D．vt.實施，進行E．vt.舉止；表現(xiàn)1．Recently,weconductedasurveyconcerningdifferentwaystolearnEnglishbeyondtheclassroom.[2022·全國乙卷書面表達]________2．Theeasiestwaytoaccomplishthisistomakesureyouconductyourselfasagoodneighborshould.________3．Theguideconductedusaroundtheruinsoftheancientcity.________4．Asisknowntous,mostmetalscanconductelectricity.________5．Mr.SmithlookedangrywhenIspokeofhisdaughter'sbadconductatschool.________Ⅱ.快速閱讀下列句子并猜測句中加黑詞匯的漢語意思1．Imustchangemybedsheetsnowbecausetheyaresodirty.________2．Manyoftoday'ssoundprofessionalsaresharingtheirknowledgeandexperiencewithprofessionalsinotherfieldstocreatenewproducts.________3．ImustcheckmybankbalancetofindouthowmuchmoneyIhaveinmycreditcard.________維度二讀后續(xù)寫微技能——情感描寫之“緊張”積累常誦形容詞/副詞nervous,uneasy,tense,anxious,nervously名詞/動詞tension,anxiety,tremble,shake固定短語①one'sheartbe/flyintoone'smouth心提到嗓子眼②aflood/waveoftension一陣緊張③with/havebutterfliesinone'sstomach心里發(fā)慌④tremblewithanxiety焦慮不安⑤withone'sheartinone'smouth提心吊膽地⑥befullofanxiety焦慮不安⑦withuneasiness不安地第一步：按要求描寫人物的“緊張”之情，并背誦①當(dāng)我站在后臺的時候，我緊張極了。WhenIwasstandingbackstage,______________________________.(無靈主語句)②當(dāng)叫到我的名字時，我感到心里忐忑不安。Whenmynamewascalled______________________________.③我顫抖著雙腿來到了舞臺上。我手心冒汗，心跳加速。__________onstage,andIcould____________.④擠滿觀眾的大廳讓我更加緊張起來，我的心撲通撲通地好像要跳出來了。____________Myheartwaspounding/thumpinghard,____________.(夸張的修辭手法)⑤我緊張地站在那里，喉嚨發(fā)緊，不知道下一步怎么辦。____________________，wonderingwhattodonext.(副詞作狀語＋身體語言)第二步：將以上各句合并成小短文并背誦成文，注意使用合適的銜接過渡詞匯________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________必修第二冊UNIT1CULTURALHERITAGE過基礎(chǔ)語基落實(一)分類識記單詞識記單詞寫對Ⅰ.知其意1．遺產(chǎn)2.廟；寺3.遺物；遺跡4.山峰爬上；騎上爬；登上5.線索；提示6.水壩；攔河壩7.委員會8.基金；?？?.重要議題；爭論的問題宣布；公布10.文件；公文；(計算機)文檔記錄；記載(詳情)11.游行；檢閱游行慶祝12.鏡子13.頂部；屋頂14.龍15.數(shù)碼的；數(shù)字顯示的16.形象；印象17.山洞；洞穴18.引用Ⅱ.寫其形1．cess8.overseas9.exit10．throughout11.further12.opinion13.forever14.contrast15.forgive核心單詞練透1．mote5.within6．conduct拓展單詞用活[記全記牢]1．creativecreativelycreation2.unlikely3.contribution4．investigation5.disappear6.conductor7.entrance8．parison[用準(zhǔn)用活]10．fessional(二)語境記憶短語記全記牢1．takepartin2.givewayto3.keepbalance4.leadto5.makeaproposal6.turnto7.prevent...from...8.donate...to...9.makesure10.allovertheworld11.theForbiddenCity12.attheentranceto用準(zhǔn)用活1．keepabalance2.takepartin3.Makesure4．preventingfrom5.makeaproposal(三)仿寫用活句式1．Therecomesatimewhen2.Itissaidthatmorethan500studentsparticipatedintherace3.neitherimproveskillsnor4．notonlycanyouimproveyourspokenChinese，butalsoyoucanmakenewfriends攻重難解惑釋疑練學(xué)核心單詞1．①against②balanced③you'dbetterkeepabalancebetweenonlinelearningandofflinelearning2．①Itislikelythat②Youarelikelytounderstand3．①limitedserving②limited③limityouressayto800wordsbeyondthelimit4．①improving②to③(should)makejointeffortstomakecontributions/acontributionto5．①donated②donations③donatedalotofmoneytotheschoolTheoldmandonatedalotofmoneytotheschool，enablingthestudentstoreturntotheirclassroom6．①attempting②at③attempted/madeanattempttosearchfor/atsearchingfor7．(1)making/tomake(2)cherishing(3)①iswellworthyofbeingvisited②iswellworthytobevisited③iswellworthvisiting劃重點練全易錯點維度一1．topreservebeingfessionalentrancethe3．cessed4.establishedhasdonated5.photoswidertraditions6.Topromoteissued7.traditional8.disappearing維度二①and②tobe③protests④spent⑤from⑥global掌握短語和句式1．①leading②totoset③Withtheoldmanleadingtheway2．①to②down③in④