課時(shí)作業(yè)(五)必修第一冊Unit5IntothewildⅠ.閱讀理解A[2023·山東省濰坊市高三上學(xué)期期中考試]AnewversionofastudentloanforgivenessapplicationwillbeofficiallylaunchedbytheEducationDepartmentlaterthismonth.Itistocancelupto$10，000indebtforthoseearninglessthan$125，000peryearandupto$20，000forthosewhoreceivedPellGrants.ItwillnotforgiveanystudentloandebtunderthedebtreliefplanpriortoOctober23,2022.Howlongtheapplicationwillbeup:Thedepartmentisofferingperiodicaccesstotheform—soborrowersmayhavetorefreshthesitepageorkeepcheckingback.TheapplicationwillbeavailablethroughDec.31,2023Whattheapplicationasksfor:Itrequiresonlybasicinformation,includingname,birthdate,SocialSecuritynumber,phonenumberandane-mailaddress.Borrowerswillnotneedwhat'sknownasanFSAIDtologintotheapplication,norwilltheyneedtouploadanydocuments,includingtaxrecords.Willborrowersneedtoprovetheymeettheplan'sincomerequirements?Insteadofprovidingdocumentsthatconfirmyou,asanindividual,earned$125，000in2020or2021or,asacouple,lessthan$250，000,theapplicationsimplyasksborrowerstocheckaboxtoguaranteeunderthelawsthatallinformationprovidedonthisformistrueandcorrect.Howlongwillittaketoprocesseachapplication?Amatterofweeks.ThedepartmentwantstorelieveasmanydebtsaspossiblebeforestudentloanpaymentsrestartinJanuary.1．Whatistheaimofthestudentloanforgivenessapplication?A．ToadvocatePellGrant.B．Togivestudentsareward.C．Toincreasefamilyincomes.D．Toeasethedebtburden.2．Whatisamustforapplicants?A．Submittingapaperform.B．Uploadingthetaxrecords.C．Providingtrueinformation.D．PayingofftheloanbeforeJanuary.3．Whatisthetext?A．Anadvertisement.B．Aloanhandbook.C．Anofficialreport.D．Adepartmentworkplan.B[2023·湖南省高三適應(yīng)性考試]Seventeenyoungturtlesraisedfromeggssavedfromthesmashedbodiesofmotherskilledonroadsgottheirreleasebackintothewildbyaclassofkindergartners.Itwaspartofaprogramthathassavedthousandsofturtlesandreturnedthemtothewildoverthepast25years.Theturtleswereeitherraisedfromtheeggsoftheirdeadmothersorwerethemselvesrescuedfromroads,stormdrainsorotherdangerousplacesovertheyears.“It'sagreatcommunityconnection，”saidLisaFerguson,directorofresearchandconservationattheWetlandsInstitute,whichrunstheprogramalongwithStocktonUniversityandStoneHarborschools.“Itshowshowconservationworks,andthateveryonehasaparttoplay,fromadultsdowntokindergartenstudents.”Theturtlereleasetookplaceduringegg-layingseason,whenturtlescomeupoutofthewetlandsontodrylandtolayeggs,thusexposingthemselvesnotonlytonaturalpredators,butalsotothefarmoredeadlythreatofmotorvehicles.Asidefromcaringforinjuredliveturtles,theWetlandsInstituteharvestseggsfromfemaleskilledontheroadandincubates(孵化)themat30degreesCelsius(86degreesFahrenheit),atemperaturethatwillensuretheydevelopasfemales(eggtemperaturedeterminesthesexoftheseturtles,Fergusonsaid)．Whentheyhavegrownenoughintheirfirstyear,theyarereadyforreleaseintothewetlandssurroundingtheinstitute.That'swherethekidscomein.KindergartnersfromStoneHarborschoolsgettoknowtheturtlesastheygrow.Theygivethemnames,drawpostersofthem,andevenbakeandsellcookiestoraisemoneyforturtleconservation.Whenitwastimetosetthemfree,someeagerlygraspedtheturtlesfrombehind;othersweremorequiettogetupcloseandpersonalwithsquirmingturtlesandsquishymud,buteachstudentseemedexcitedtoseetheturtlespaddleawayintotheshallowwater.4．Whydidtheturtlesneedrescuing?A.Becausetheireggscouldn'tdevelopasfemales.B．Becausetheycouldn'twalkacrosstheroad.C．Becausetheylosttheirmothertothesea.D．Becausetheirhabitatwasthreatened.5．WhatdidLisaFergusonthinkoftheprogram?A.Professional. B．Natural.C．Educational. D．Optional.6．Whatdidkidsdofortheprogram?A．Theylearnttobefriendturtles.B．Theyprovidedturtleswithfood.C．Theysavedtheturtlesfromroadkills.D．Theycaredfortheinjuredliveturtles.7．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．GoonfightingforthemB．Workharder,worrylessC．Helpthem,happytogetherD．SavethemtosaveourselvesCIfyoustartasentencewith,“IfIwereyou...”orfindyourselfscratchingyourheadoveradecisionwhentheansweriscrystal-clear,there'sascientificreasonbehindit.Ourowndecision-makingabilitiescanbecomeexhaustedoverthecourseofthedaycausingindecisionorpoorchoices,butchoosingonbehalfofsomeoneelseisanenjoyabletaskthatdoesn'tsufferthesamedifficulties.“Theproblemisdecisionfatigue,apsychologicalphenomenonthatcausesharmtothequalityofyourchoicesafteralongdayofdecisionmaking，”saysEvanPolman,aleadingpsychologist.Physiciansonthejobforseveralhours,forexample,aremorelikelytoprescribeantibiotics(抗生素)topatientswhenit'sunwisetodoso.“Presumablyit'sbecauseit'ssimpleandeasytowriteaprescriptionandconsiderapatientcaseclosedratherthaninvestigatefurther，”Polmansays.Butdecisionfatiguegoesawaywhenyouaremakingthedecisionforsomeoneelse.Whenpeopleimaginethemselvesasadvisers,theyfeellesstiredandrelylessondecisionshortcuts.“Bytakingupontheroleofadviserratherthandecisionmaker,onedoesnotsuffertheconsequencesofdecisionfatigue，”hesays.“Itisasifthereissomethingfunaboutmakingsomeoneelse'schoice.”“Gettinginputfromothersnotonlyoffersafreshperspectiveandthoughtprocess,itoftenalsoincludesriskierchoices.Whilethissoundsundesirable,itcanbequitegood.Whenpeopleexperiencedecisionfatigue,whentheyaretiredofmakingchoices,theyhaveatendencytochoosetogowithstatusquo，”saysPolman.“Butitcanbeproblematicsinceachangeinthecourseofactioncanbeimportantandleadtoapositiveoutcome.”Toachieveasuccessfuloutcomeorreward,somelevelofriskisalmostalwaysessential.“Peoplewhoaresusceptibletodecisionfatiguewilllikelychoosetodonothingoversomething，”hesays.“That'snottosayriskisalwaysgood,butitisrelatedtotakingaction,whereasdecisionfatigueassuredlyleadstoinactionandthepossiblechagrin(懊惱)ofadecisionmakerwhomightotherwisepreferanewcoursebutisunfortunatelyhindered.”“Justbecauseyoucanmakegoodchoicesforothersdoesn'tmeanyou'lldothesameforyourself，”Polmancautions.“Researchhasfoundthatwomennegotiatehighersalariesforothersthantheydoforthemselves，”hesays,addingthatpeopleslipinandoutofdecisionroles.8．Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpeoplemakingdecisions?A.Theytendtomakedecisionsthewaytheythinkadvantageoustothem.B．Theymaybecomeexhaustedmakingtoomanydecisionsforthemselves.C．Theyshowconsiderabledifferencesintheirdecision-makingabilities.D．Theyaremorecautiousinmakingdecisionsforothersthanforthemselves.9．Whendopeoplefeellessdecisionfatigue?A．Whentheytakedecisionshortcuts.B．Whentheyhaveadviserstoturnto.C．Whentheyhavemajordecisionstomake.D．Whentheyhelpotherstomakedecisions.10．Whatarepeoplelikelytodowhendecisionfatiguesetsin?A．Theyavoidtryinganythingnew.B．Theyturntophysiciansforadvice.C．Theytendtomakeriskydecisions.D．Theyadoptatotallynewperspective.11．Whatdoesthepassagesayabouttakingsomeriskindecisionmaking?A．Itwillenablepeopletobemorecreative.B．Itwillmoreoftenthannotendinregret.C.Itisvitalforonetoreachthegoaldesired.D.Itislikelytobringaboutseriousconsequences.DTofindoutwhat'sinvolvedintheprocessofreproducinghumanvoices,IapproachedSpeechMorphing,anaturallanguagespeechsynthesis(合成)company,aboutcreatingadigitaldoubleofmyownvoice.Giventhecomplexitiesofspeechsynthesis,it'squiteashocktofindoutjusthoweasyitistoorderoneup.Forabasicconversationalmodel,allIhavetodoisrecordmyselfsayingafewhundredsofphrasesforroughlyanhour.Thephrasesseemveryrandom:“That'swhatCarnegiedid.”“I'dliketobeburiedunderYankeeStadiumwithJFK.”Andsoon.Buttheyaren'tasrandomastheyappear.“Wechoosespokenwordsthatwillproduceawideenoughvarietyofsoundsacrossarangeofemotions,suchassadnessandanger,tofeedanAItrainingsystem.Itthenteachesitselfthespecificpatternsofaperson'sspeech，”saysSpeechMorphingfounderFathyYassa.Yassasaystherearearound20tonestochoosefrom,andsomeofthesecanbeusedinterchangeably,ornotatall.“Noteverytoneisneededforeveryclient，”hesays.“Thechoicedependsonthetargetapplicationandusecases.Bankingisdifferentfromreportingandbroadcasting.”Thepossibilitiesformy__digital__doublearealmostlimitless.AtatrainingsessionwithSpeechMorphing,Igettohearmydigitalvoicedouble.Hervoicecomesatmethroughapairofspeakersconnectedtoalaptop.ThelaptophassoftwareintowhichwhatevertextIwantittosayistyped.Thesoftwareincludestoolstomakeadjustmentstothetone,speedandothervocalfeaturesthatmightneedtobeadjustedifmydigitaldoubledoesn'tcomeoutsoundingexactlyright.“Wecanalreadymakeyousoundsad.Wecanalsomakeyouactlikeyou'rereportingandbroadcastingnow，”Yassasays.“Wecanmakeyousoundlikeactinginthetheatre,eventually,thoughwe'renotyetthere.Itistooadvanced.”12．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thestepsofdataprocessing.B．Thegoaloftheexperiment.C．Theprocessofdatacollecting.D．Thecomplexitiesofspeech.13．Whatistherequirementforthecollectedvoice?A．Itmustcoverdifferentkindsofstrangetopics.B．Thesoundscanexpressawiderangeoffeelings.C．Everypersonneedstoproducearound20tones.D．Ithastobecollectedaccordingtostrictguidelines.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“mydigitaldouble”inparagraph5referto?A．Atypingsoftware.B．Apairoflouderspeakers.C．Arecordingmachine.D．Aspeechreproducingsystem.15．Which“digitaldouble”isprobablythemostadvanced?A．Acting.B．Reporting.C．Broadcasting.D．Banking.[答題區(qū)]題號123456789101112131415答案Ⅱ.七選五Everysentencewespeakshowssomethingaboutwhoweareashumans.Evenpeoplespeakingthesamelanguagehavedistinctdialects.__1__Whetheryousay“soda”or“pop”mayrevealwhatcountryandwhatregionyouarefrom.WhatyoucallthenightbeforeHalloweenmaytietoyourreligiousbeliefs.__2__Plantsandanimalsthataregivennamesinanylanguagearegenerallythosethatarerelevanttopeoplespeakingthelanguage.Therelevancecomesfromthewaythatthepeoplehaveinteractedwiththeanimalsandplants.Insomecases,thishashappenedovercenturies.Whilewemightthinkoflanguageashavingafixedsetofwordsandrulesthatwelearninschool,infactlanguageisalwaysevolving.Newwordsemergewhileothersfalloutofuse.Pronunciationchangesovertimeasdoesthemeaningofwords.__3__.Ourabilitytolearnlanguagedevelopswhenweareyoung.Soundsheardasinfants,oreveninthewomb,setthestageforlanguagelearninglater.Babycooingistheresultofbabies'analysisofthelanguagesspokentothem.__4__Childrenexposedtomultiplelanguagesearlyinlife,andgrowingupmultilingual,developenhancedcognitivefunctions.Thesemayincludetheabilitytofocusandignoredistractions.Languagesareasdiverseasthecommunitiesthatspeakthem.Eachoftheapproximately7，000worldlanguagesisatestimonytoacommunity'suniquehumanexperience.Yet,manylanguagesaroundtheworldareendangered.Itispossiblethatasmanyashalfoftheworld'slanguagescouldgosilentbytheendofthiscentury.Why?__5__Buttheyboildowntosocialinequalitiesanddisrespectforothers.A．Thereasonsarecomplex.B．Languageschangewithtime.C．Thesearerootedintheirhistoryandculture.D.Whatkindofslangyouusemaycomefromthehabitsofplaceyougrewupin.E.Languagealsoshowstheconnectionsbetweenusandournaturalenvironment.F．Babiesarepracticingthepronunciationofsoundsthattheyneedforcommunication.G．Peoplealsoborrowwordsfromlanguagesotherthantheirowntoaddtotheirownvocabulary.[答題區(qū)]1．________2.________3.________4．________5.________課時(shí)作業(yè)(五)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了新版學(xué)生貸款減免申請相關(guān)事項(xiàng)。1．答案與解析：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“AnewversionofastudentloanforgivenessapplicationwillbeofficiallylaunchedbytheEducationDepartmentlaterthismonth.”以及最后一段“ThedepartmentwantstorelieveasmanydebtsaspossiblebeforestudentloanpaymentsrestartinJanuary.”可推知，學(xué)生貸款減免申請的目的是減輕債務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān)。2．答案與解析：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“...,theapplicationsimplyasksborrowerstocheckaboxtoguaranteeunderthelawsthatallinformationprovidedonthisformistrueandcorrect.”可知，申請人必須提供真實(shí)的信息。3．答案與解析：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段教育部將于本月晚些時(shí)候正式推出新版學(xué)生貸款減免申請以及每段粗體字部分可知，本文主要介紹了學(xué)生貸款減免申請相關(guān)事項(xiàng)，所以是一篇廣告。B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章講述了一個(gè)班級的幼兒園孩子們高興地把17只孤兒小海龜放回野外的事情，文章還介紹了這個(gè)海龜救助項(xiàng)目以及孩子們在海龜成長過程中的參與。4．答案與解析：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Theturtleswereeitherraisedfromtheeggsoftheirdeadmothersorwerethemselvesrescuedfromroads,stormdrainsorotherdangerousplacesovertheyears.”以及第四段中的“...,whenturtlescomeupoutofthewetlandsontodrylandtolayeggs,thusexposingthemselvesnotonlytonaturalpredators,butalsotothefarmoredeadlythreatofmotorvehicles.”可知由于海龜?shù)臈⒌厥艿搅送{，造成了海龜?shù)膫?，所以海龜需要救助?．答案與解析：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“‘It'sagreatcommunityconnection，’saidLisaFerguson,...‘Itshowshowconservationworks,andthateveryonehasaparttoplay,fromadultsdowntokindergartenstudents.’”可知該項(xiàng)目告訴大家如何去保護(hù)海龜，發(fā)揮自己的作用，非常具有教育意義。6．答案與解析：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的三、四句可知孩子們像朋友一樣去對待海龜。7．答案與解析：C主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段十七只由在路上被撞死的母龜?shù)穆逊趸B(yǎng)育出來的小海龜被一個(gè)班級的幼兒園孩子們放回野外以及文章最后一段“...,buteachstudentseemedexcitedtoseetheturtlespaddleawayintotheshallowwater.”可知文章講述了孩子們高興地把海龜放回野外；結(jié)合文章中對海龜救助項(xiàng)目的介紹以及孩子們在海龜成長過程中的參與，可知文章主要介紹了孤兒海龜和孩子們的故事，所以C選項(xiàng)“幫助它們，快樂在一起”最適合作為本文的標(biāo)題。C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹決策疲勞的概念、行為表現(xiàn)及后果，還說明了在決策中承擔(dān)一定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的重要性。8．答案與解析：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Ourowndecision-makingabilitiescanbecomeexhaustedoverthecourseofthedaycausingindecisionorpoorchoices,butchoosingonbehalfofsomeoneelseisanenjoyabletaskthatdoesn'tsufferthesamedifficulties.”可知，為他人做決策的時(shí)候不會(huì)覺得疲勞，而為自己做決定時(shí)，尤其是過了一整天，做了太多的決定后，就會(huì)變得十分疲勞。9．答案與解析：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的第一句“Butdecisionfatiguegoesawaywhenyouaremakingthedecisionforsomeoneelse.”可知