SectionⅡ

LearningAboutLanguage

直接引語和間接引語一、概念直接引語:直接引用別人的原話,并在原話前后加引號。例:Hesaid,“Itistoolate.”間接引語:用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述他人的話,多數(shù)情況下以賓語從句的形式呈現(xiàn)。例:Hesaidthatitwastoolate.二、直接引語和間接引語的轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則1.人稱的變化【觀察思考】?Shesaid,“Iamhungry.”→Shesaidshewashungry.?Mumsaidtome,“Youcancleanyourbedroomtomorrow.”→MumtoldmethatIcouldcleanmybedroomthenextday.?MrSmithsaid,“Heisagoodworker.”→MrSmithsaidthathewasagoodworker.【探究總結(jié)】(1)直接引語中的第一人稱(如I、me、my、mine、we、us、our、ours)變?yōu)殚g接引語時應(yīng)與主句中的________保持一致。

(2)直接引語中的第二人稱(you、your、yours)變?yōu)殚g接引語時,應(yīng)與主句中的________保持一致,若主句中無賓語,可根據(jù)上下文確定一個賓語。

(3)直接引語中的第三人稱(he、him、his、she、her、hers、it、its、they、them、their、theirs)變?yōu)殚g接引語時,人稱不變。答案:

(1)主語(2)賓語人稱變化規(guī)則一隨主,二隨賓,第三人稱不更新。【應(yīng)用實(shí)踐】句型轉(zhuǎn)換。①Hesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.”→Hesaidthat________likeditverymuch.

②Hesaidtome,“Youtoldmethisstory.”→Hetoldmethat________hadtold________thatstory.

③Hesaidtome,“She'sleftherbookinyourroom.”→Hetoldmethat________hadleft________bookinmyroom.

答案:

①he②Ihim③sheher2.時態(tài)的變化【觀察思考】?“Iamverygladtovisityourschool,”shesaid.→Shesaidthatshewasverygladtovisitourschool.?Peoplesaid,“Wewereshockedbythenewsphotoofadeadpolarbear.”→Peoplesaidthattheyhadbeenshockedbythenewsphotoofadeadpolarbear.?Tomsaid,“I'll

doitafterclass.”→Tomsaidthathewoulddoitafterclass.?Theboysaid,“I'mlearningEnglish.”→TheboysaidthathewaslearningEnglish.?Mothersaid,“Ihavenotwashedyourshirt.”→Mothersaidthatshehadnotwashedmyshirt.?Theboysaid,“IhadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforewatchingTV.”→TheboysaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforewatchingTV.【探究總結(jié)】(1)如果主句是一般過去時,直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時,從句在時態(tài)方面要做相應(yīng)的變化。具體變化見下表:直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時①______一般過去時②______一般將來時③______現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時④______現(xiàn)在完成時⑤______過去完成時⑥______答案:

(1)①一般過去時②過去完成時③過去將來時④過去進(jìn)行時⑤過去完成時⑥過去完成時(2)下面幾種情況,直接引語變間接引語時,時態(tài)不發(fā)生變化:①直接引語如果是科學(xué)真理、名言警句或諺語,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,時態(tài)不變。②直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,時態(tài)不變。③如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r,直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時,時態(tài)通常不變。【應(yīng)用實(shí)踐】句型轉(zhuǎn)換。①Tomsaid,“Wearelisteningtothepopmusic.”→Tomsaidthatthey________________tothepopmusic.

②Theexpertsaid,“Wehumanbeingscansavethepolarbearsfromextinction.”→Theexpertsaidthatwehumanbeings________________thepolarbearsfromextinction.答案:

①werelistening②couldsave③Sheoftensays,“Allmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.”→Sheoftensaysthatallmenandwomen________equalunderthelaw.

④“Itookthelittlebirdhome,”shesaid.→Shesaidthatshe________________thelittlebirdhome.

⑤MrLisaid,“I'llleaveforShanghai.”→MrLisaidthathe________________forShanghai.

答案:

③are④hadtaken⑤wouldleave3.指示代詞、時間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語及方向性動詞的變化【觀察思考】?Thelawyersaid,“Iwillcomethismorning.”→Thelawyersaidthatshe/hewouldgothatmorning.?Hesaid,“Thesebooksaremine.”→Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.?Shesaid,“Itisnineo'clocknow.”→Shesaidthatitwasnineo'clockthen.?Bobsaid,“Mysisterwasherethreedaysago.”→Bobsaidthathissisterhadbeenherethreedaysbefore/earlier.?Davidsaid,“Ihaven'tseenhertoday.”→Davidsaidthathehadn'tseenherthatday.?Shesaid,“Iwentthereyesterday.”→Shesaidthatshehadgonetherethedaybefore.?Shesaid,“I'llgotheretomorrow.”→Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethenext/followingday.?Thecaptainsaid,“Theywillarrivethedayaftertomorrow.”→Thecaptainsaidthattheywouldarriveintwodays'time.?Shesaid,“Icameheretoseethedoctorthedaybeforeyesterday.”→Shesaidthatshehadgonetheretoseethedoctortwodaysbefore/earlier.【探究總結(jié)】用詞直接引語間接引語指示代詞this①______

these②______

時間狀語now③______

ago④______

today⑤______

yesterday⑥______

tomorrow⑦_(dá)_____

thedayaftertomorrow⑧______

thedaybeforeyesterday⑨______

tonightthatnightlastnightthenightbeforenextweekthenext/followingweekthismorningthatmorning地點(diǎn)狀語here⑩______

方向性動詞come?______bringtake答案:

①that②those③then④before/earlier⑤thatday⑥thedaybefore⑦thenext/followingday⑧intwodays'time⑨t(yī)wodaysbefore/earlier⑩there?go【應(yīng)用實(shí)踐】句型轉(zhuǎn)換。①M(fèi)rLisaid,“Thisismyseat.”→MrLisaidthat________washisseat.

②MissZhaosaid,“Theseproblemsareeasy.”→MissZhaosaidthat________problemswereeasy.

③Shesaid,“Ihaven'tfinishedmyworktoday.”→Shesaidthatshehadn'tfinishedherwork________________.答案:

①that②those③thatday④Tomsaid,“IwillvisittheGreatWalltomorrow.”→TomsaidthathewouldvisittheGreatWall________________________.

⑤Bobsaid,“Mywifereturned40minutesago.”→Bobsaidthathiswifehadreturned40minutes________.

⑥Shesaidtome,“I'llbringtheboysheretohelpyouthisafternoon.”→Shetoldmethatshewould________theboys________tohelpme________________.答案:

④thenext/followingday⑤before/earlier⑥taketherethatafternoon4.句式變化【觀察思考】?Tomsaidtome,“IhavebeentoJapantwice.”→TomtoldmethathehadbeentoJapantwice.?Hesaid,“Doyouknowthereasonforglobalwarming?”→Heaskedif/whetherweknewthereasonforglobalwarming.?“WhyhasEarthgotwarmerandwarmer?”heasked.→HeaskedwhyEarthhadgotwarmerandwarmer.【探究總結(jié)】(1)如果直接引語是陳述句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,常變成由連接詞________引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,該詞在從句中不作成分,在口語中可以省略。主句謂語saidto常改為told。

(2)直接引語是一般疑問句、選擇疑問句或附加疑問句時,間接引語中常用________或________引導(dǎo)。主句謂語said常改為________。(3)直接引語是特殊疑問句時,變?yōu)殚g接引語仍用原句中的特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo),并將疑問語序變?yōu)開_______語序。其余成分的變化遵循直接引語和間接引語之間的轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則來進(jìn)行。

答案:

(1)that(2)ifwhetherasked(3)陳述【應(yīng)用實(shí)踐】句型轉(zhuǎn)換。①Hesaid,“Iwillbedoingmyhomeworkthen.”→Hesaid________hewouldbedoinghishomeworkthen.

②“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.→Heasked________Ihadseenhertheweekbefore.

③“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.→Heaskedme________Ihadbeenthosedays.

答案:

①that②if/whether③where三、祈使句變間接引語1.基本變化規(guī)則【觀察思考】?Shesaidtous,“Pleasehavearest.”→Sheaskedustohavearest.?Theoldmansaid,“Don'tsmokeinthehall.”→Theoldmantoldmenottosmokeinthehall.【探究總結(jié)】引述祈使句多采用“動詞+賓語+帶________的不定式”結(jié)構(gòu),如果祈使句為否定句,在不定式的前面加________或never。

答案:

tonot【應(yīng)用實(shí)踐】句型轉(zhuǎn)換。①“Dobecarefulwithyourhandwriting,”hesaid.→Hetoldme________________careful________________handwriting.

②“Don'ttakeoffyourcoats,”shesaidtothechildren.→Shetoldthechildren________________takeoff________coats.

③Fathersaid,“Don'tstayuplate,Lily.”→FathertoldLily________________stayuplate.

答案:

①tobewithmy②nottotheir③notto2.謂語動詞的變化【觀察思考】?Fathersaidtome,“Openthewindow.”→Fathertoldmetoopenthewindow.?“Nevercomehereagain!”theofficersaidtothevillagers.→Theofficerorderedthevillagersnevertogothereagain.?“Let'sgooutforawalk,”hesaidtous.→Headvisedustogooutforawalk.?“Pleasepassmethatbook,”shesaidtoJohn.→SheaskedJohntopassherthatbook.【探究總結(jié)】(1)如果直接引語中的祈使句表示命令,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,引述動詞需用________、________、command等。

(2)如果直接引語中的祈使句表示建議、勸告,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,引述動詞需用________。

(3)如果直接引語中的祈使句表示請求,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,引述動詞需用________、beg、request等。

(4)如果直接引語中的祈使句中有please或willyouplease,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,需將其去掉。答案:

(1)tellorder(2)advise(3)ask巧記祈