PrivateHomeownerDrinkingWaterIssuesPresenterMr.BrianOram,ProfessionalGeologistWilkesUniversity

GeoEnvironmentalSciencesandEngineeringDepartment

CenterforEnvironmentalQualityWilkesBarre,PA18766(570)408-4619

WaterTreatmentdisinfectioncationexchangeanionexchangefiltrationadsorptiondemineralizationpHadjustmentoxidationMatchthepollutantwiththecorrectprocess!DoWeNeedtoTreat

theWater?EvaluateExistingSource-Construction,Location,andWaterQuality

IsMaintenanceNeeded?

IdentifyandRepairSystemDeficiencies

PollutionControlMeasures-wellcap,controldrainage,andchangeland-uspractice

Treatment-POU,POE,orotherTheLastControlMeasureisTreatmentEvaluateWell

ChangeWellCapDisinfection

ShockChlorinationMayworkforsmallnumbersofcoliformbacteria.Shouldbeconductedafterallwellrepairs,flooding,

orproblemswithelevatedbacterialcounts.Aftershock

disinfection–retestingfortotalcoliform,standardplatecount,andnuisancebacteriamaybeneed.Iron/Nuisance

BacteriaPeriodicshockwelldisinfectionsDroptabletschlorinatorsChlorinefeedsystemOzonetreatmentUVtreatment–maybepossible

probablyClassAUnit(turbidity,hardness,iron,manganeseissues)WholeHouseTreatmentPointofEntry(POE)continuouschlorinationIssues:ChlorineDemandBacterialLevelsOtherWaterQualityproblemslike:iron,sulfur,andodorsAlkalinityandpHofwatermayneedadjustmentU-VTubeU-VSterilizerTheSelectionofUVUnitsystemdependsonthefollowing:GeneralWaterQualityTurbidityHardnessIronandManganeseBacterialLevelsSourceWaterTypeandOverallWaterQuality?Http://OzoneSchematicofSoftenerWaterSoftener

DoNotRemoveAlltheWaterHardness!

RESIN(SodiumOrPotassium)RawWater(SodiumorPotassium)Calcium&MagnesiumAndotherMultivalentcationsTreatedWaterIonExchange:SodiumforCalcium&MagnesiumRechargewithBrineRESIN(Calcium&Magnesium)WasteWater(SodiumorPotassium)Calcium&Magnesiumand

othermultivalentcationsBrineCarbonFiltrationUsesRemoveman-madeorganicchemicalsRemovemiscellaneoustastesandodorfromwater–assumingnobacterialproblemsRemoveradongasfromwater

MaintenanceCarbonmustbereplaced routinelyAcid(CorrosiveWater)Control

WaterLimestonechipsorcalciteGravelIronRemovalFormandconcentrationisimportantOxidized=visible,orangestainReduced=colorlessRemovalMethodsWaterSoftener

nobacterialproblem

Chlorination/FiltrationOxidizingFilter

nobacterialproblemOzoneHydrogenSulfideHotwateronly?Adjustwaterheatertoatemperatureof160Ffor12to24hoursandthenflushremoveorreplacerodinheater(WarrantyIssues)CarbonFiltration-nobacterialproblem

Chlorination/ContactTank/Filtration

Aeration-nobacterialproblem

Oxidizingfilter-manganesegreensand

nobacterialproblemAttheSinkPointofUse(POU)ReverseOsmosisforcewaterthroughmembraneremovesmanycontaminantsDistillationheatwatertoboilingcondensevaporionsleftbehindenergyintensiveHeatSourceCoolingWaterRawWaterTreatedWaterSteamTypicallythesearesmallcarbon-blockfiltersthatwillremoveparticles,reduceodorsandtasteproblems,andhavealimitedexchangecapacityforhardnessandtracemetals.UnitsareratedforWaterthatmeetsDrinkingWaterStandards

NotforWaterwithLevelsabovetheDrinkingWaterStandard

BeforeYouBuyTreatmentEquipment

GettheFacts-NottheSalesPitchHaveyourwatertestedbyareputableaccredited,approved,and/orcertifiedlabDon’trelyonin-homewatertestresults.Don’trelyonfreewatertests.Consultunbiasedwaterqualityexpertsandgetmultiplequotesforasystem.

ExploreAllAlternativesWellRehabilitation,Newsource,LocalPollutionControl,MaintenanceTipsforBuyingTreatmentEquipmentSeekreputablecompaniesthathavebeenaroundAskforcustomerreferencesResearchcompanyhistoryBewareofhardsaletechniques(scaretactics)AskaboutmaintenancerequirementsGetadetailedwarrantyLookforNSFandWQAcertificationsEPAcertificationmeansnothingGeteverythinginwriting!Ifitsoundstoogood-itis!SampleNo.1TestResultMaximumContaminantLevel(MCL)Coliformbacteria 2/100mL <1/100mLNitrate-N 1mg/L 10mg/LpH 6.7 6.5to8.5**Hardness 100mg/L 6gpgNoMCL(7-10gpgisveryhard)Iron 0mg/L 0.3mg/L**gpg=grainspergallon(1gpg=17.1mg/L),**=Recommendedstandard(RMCL)Recommendation?Shockchlorinationandretesting,possiblecontinuousdisinfectionSampleNo.2TestResultMaximumContaminantLevel(MCL)Coliformbacteria 150/100mL <1/100mLNitrate-N 1mg/L 10mg/LpH 6.7 6.5to8.5**Hardness 100mg/L 6gpgNoMCL(7-10gpgisveryhard)Iron 0mg/L 0.3mg/L**gpg=grainspergallon(1gpg=17.1mg/L),**=Recommendedstandard(RMCL)Recommendation?Short-Term:ShockTreatmentandRetestingLong-Term:PossiblyChlorinationorUVlightorOzoneSampleNo.3TestResultMaximumContaminantLevel(MCL)Coliformbacteria 0/100mL <1/100mLNitrate-N 1mg/L 10mg/LpH 6.8 6.5to8.5**Hardness 34mg/L 2gpgNoMCL(7-10gpgisveryhard)Iron 7.0mg/L 0.3mg/L**gpg=grainspergallon(1gpg=17.1mg/L),**=Recommendedstandard(RMCL)Recommendation?OxidizingfilterorOzoneSampleNo.4TestResultMaximumContaminantLevel(MCL)Coliformbacteria 0/100mL <1/100mLNitrate-N 1mg/L 10mg/LpH 7.0 6.5to8.5**Hardness 154mg/L 9gpgNoMCL(7-10gpgisveryhard)Iron 0.5mg/L 0.3mg/L**gpg=grainspergallon(1gpg=17.1mg/L),**=Recommendedstandard(RMCL)Recommendation?WatersoftenerSampleNo.5TestResultMaximumContaminantLevel(MCL)Coliformbacteria 0/100mL <1/100mLNitrate-N 3mg/L 10mg/LpH 5.1 6.5to8.5**Hardness 17mg/L 1gpgNoMCL(7-10gpgisveryhard)Iron 0mg/L 0.3mg/L**gpg=grainspergallon(1gpg=17.1mg/L),**=Recommendedstandard(RMCL)Recommendation