PAGEPAGE4話題十三自然與環(huán)境1．a(chǎn)bundantadj.豐盛的；大量的；充裕的beabundantin＝berichin富于2．a(chǎn)ppreciatev．欣賞；重視；賞識；理解；感謝appreciatedoing...欣賞……；感激……Iwouldappreciateitif...如果……我將不勝感激。3．a(chǎn)pproachv．靠近；接近；著手處理，對付n．靠近；通路，路徑；方法，方式approachto...……的方式/方法4．burnvt.&vi.燃燒，燒毀burndown把……燒毀；漸漸燒完burn...totheground把……燒成平地5．calmadj.鎮(zhèn)靜的，沉著的；風(fēng)平浪靜的；無風(fēng)的v．(使)平靜，(使)鎮(zhèn)靜calmdown(使)平靜、鎮(zhèn)靜下來6．conditionn．狀態(tài)；狀況；環(huán)境；境況；條件ingood/badcondition身體好/不好；狀態(tài)好/不好outofcondition身體不好；狀態(tài)不佳onconditionthat...條件是……onnocondition決不(置于句首，句子用倒裝)7．damagen．&v.損害；傷害；破壞cause/dodamageto對……造成損害8．dangern．危險；危害；威脅indanger處于危險中outofdanger脫離危險9．decreasen．&v．減少，降低decreaseby.../to...減少……/到……onthedecrease在減少10．demandvi.&vt.強烈要求，請求n．要求，需求demand(ofsb.)todo...要求(某人)做……demandthat...(should)do要求……indemand需要11．forbidvt.禁止；不準(zhǔn)forbiddoingsth.禁止做某事forbidsb.todosth./fromdoingsth.禁止某人做某事12．impressvt.使印象深刻；使銘記；使意識到impresssth.on/uponsb.使某人牢記某事impresssb.withsth.某事給某人留下深刻印象leave/make/createa/an...impressiononsb.給某人留下一個……的印象13．likelyadj.有可能的adv.很可能belikelytodo...可能做……Itislikelythat...可能……14．measurev．測量；度量；量度為；估量，判定n．措施；方法；尺度；標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；計量制；計量單位takemeasures/steps/actiontodosth.采取措施做某事makesth.toone’smeasure照某人的尺寸做某物15．messn．混亂，臟亂；臟或亂的狀態(tài)v．弄亂，弄臟inamess混亂，臟亂messup弄臟；弄亂；弄糟16．owev．欠(賬、錢、人情等)；歸因于；歸功于owesb.sth.＝owesth.tosb.欠某人某物；把……歸功于……owingto由于11．Everyoneisforbidden(smoke)here.12．Itseemstomethathe’slikely(know)theanswer.13．Theyweresocarelessthattheyleftanimportantdetail.14．Heoweshissuccesshisteachersandparents.15．Therearesometalltreesonthehill，some(measure)30meters.Ⅱ.按要求完成句子1．Iwouldbegratefultoyouforturningoffthelights.(用appreciate改寫)2．Withthetimeforgraduationapproaching，wearebusywithourpapers.①(用corner短語改寫)②(用as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句改寫)3．Youmustonnoconditiontellthemthesecret.(改為倒裝句)4．Iwasimpressedbythebeautifulsceneryandforgottogobackhomeontime.(用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫)5．她要求他歸還向她借的書。(一句多譯)①(that從句)②(簡單句)6．Theteacherforbidsourtalkingaloudinclass.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Theteacherforbidsusaloudinclass.(一)閱讀理解SincethefirstEarthDayin1970，Americanshavegottenalot“greener”towardtheenvironment.“Wedidn’tknowatthattimethatthereevenwasanenvironment，letalonethattherewasaproblemwithit，”saysBruceAnderson，presidentofEarthDayUSA.Butwhatbeganasnothingimportantinpublicaffairshasgrownintoasocialmovement.Businesspeople，politicalleaders，universityprofessors，andespeciallymillionsofgrass-rootsAmericansaretakingpartinthemovement.“Theunderstandinghasincreasedmany，manytimes，”saysGaylordNelson，theformergovernorfromWisconsin，whothoughtupthefirstEarthDay.AccordingtoUSgovernmentreports，emissions(排放)fromcarsandtruckshavedroppedfrom10.3milliontonsayearto5.5milliontons.ThenumberofcitiesproducingCObeyondthestandardhasbeenreducedfrom40to9.Althoughseriousproblemsstillremainandneedtobedealtwith，theworldisasaferandhealthierplace.Akindof“greenthinking”hasbecomepartofpractices.Greatimprovementhasbeenachieved.In1988therewereonly600recyclingprograms；todayin1995thereareabout6,600.Advancedlights，motors，andbuildingdesignshavehelpedsavealotofenergyandthereforepreventedpollution.Twenty-fiveyearsago，therewerehardlyanyeducationprogramsforenvironment.Today，it’shardtofindapublicschool，university，orlawschoolthatdoesnothavesuchakindofprogram.“Untilwedothat，nothingelsewillchange！”saysBruceAnderson.1．AccordingtoAnderson，before1970，Americanshadlittleideaabout.A．thesocialmovementB．recyclingtechniquesC．environmentalproblemsD．theimportanceofEarthDay2．Wheredoesthesupportforenvironmentalprotectionmainlycomefrom?A．Thegrass-rootslevel.B．Thebusinesscircle.C．Governmentofficials.D．Universityprofessors.3．WhathaveAmericansachievedinenvironmentalprotection?A．Theyhavecutcaremissionstothelowest.B．Theyhavesettledtheirenvironmentalproblems.C．TheyhaveloweredtheirCOlevelsinfortycities.D．Theyhavereducedpollutionthrougheffectivemeasures.4．Whatisespeciallyimportantforenvironmentalprotectionaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Education. B．Planning.C．Greenliving. D．COreduction.(二)七選五Doyouwanttoknowhowtoliveanenvironmentallyfriendlylifestyle?Hereisashortlistofwaysthatyoucanhelpprotecttheenvironment.★Preventenergyleaks(泄漏)athome.Heatingandcoolingcanmakeupto50percentofyourenergybilleachmonth.5Soyou’llsavemoneyandreduceyourinfluenceontheenvironment.★Planttreesinyouryardandcommunity.Everyoneknowsthatplantingtreescanhelptheenvironment.6Treescoolyourhome，reducingtheenergyusedforcooling.Treesimprovementalhealth.Treesreducenoisepollution.★7Ifyouuseceilingfansduringhotsummerdays，youcancreateacoolingenvironment.Afewceilingorregularfansproperlyplacedinyourhomecanreducetheamountoftimeyouspendwiththeairconditioningon.★Usesolarenergymoreoften.8Therearelotsofinexpensivesolarproductsyoucantryout.Forexample，solar-poweredlights.Howaboutsolarcellphonechargers?Additionally，therearemanyformsofpassivesolarenergythatcanhelpyoutakeadvantageofthesun.★Thinkaboutgreentransportation.Justsitandthinkaboutafewenvironmentallyfriendlywaysyoucangetfromoneplacetoanother.9Youcanwalkorbiketothecornerstore.Walkinginsteadofdrivingtoastoreisagreatwaytohelptheenvironment!A．Treeshavemanygoodinfluences.B．Usenaturalwindtodryyourclothes.C．Therearemanywaystousesolarpower.D．Useceilingfanstocooloffinsummer.E．Youcantakeabuswhengoingtothemovietheater.F．Turnofflightsandelectronicdeviceswhenyou’renotusingthem.G．Youcanheatandcoolyourhomemoreefficientlybyfixingleaks.(三)完形填空OnanairplaneasshewasflyingacrosstheUnitedStates，DrJaneGoodallnoticedawomansittingnexttoher.Sheaskedthewomanwhyshewassotired，andthewomansaidshewasabsolutely10becauseshe’dbeenupattwointhemorningtryingto11thewater.Heryoungdaughterwasinanenvironmentalgroupatschoolandherdaughter’spassionhadturnedtomakingsureher12waseco-friendly.Theywerestayingatthewoman’sbrother’shousethenightbeforehertrip，andinthemiddleofthenightherdaughterwokeuptothe13ofadrippingfaucet(水龍頭)．Thedaughteraskedfor14turningitoffasthefaucethandlewas15.Theonlywayto16theleakwastodigtothepipeinthefrontlawntofindthemainvalvetoturnthewateroff，andherdaughterwouldn’tgotosleepuntiltheleakstopped.Soattwointhemorning17inthefamilywasoutintheyardhelpingto18toturnoffthewater.Youngpeoplehavemuchmore19tostartandaccomplishchangesthanwhat20maybelieve.Whenchildrenmakeachangeintheirlives，familiesare21alongtobecomeenvironmentallyfriendly.Thestoryalsoshowsthat22actionscanhaveabigimpact.We23tothinkabout24eventslikeCleanandGreenWeek.Instead，alotofsmallchangescanmakea(n)25.Ifhundredsorthousandsofstudents26theirfamiliestoturnoffthetaptosavewater，movetheairconditioningtemperature27adegreeortwoinsummer，28lessandmakeotherenvironmentally-friendlychanges，the29familymaychangeitsbehaviors.10．A.exhausted B．delightedC．sad D．a(chǎn)ngry11．A.turnon B．turnoffC．takealong D．bringalong12．A.mother B．familyC．school D．group13．A.sound B．voiceC．rhyme D．music14．A.advice B．pleasureC．help D．trouble15．A.opened B．thrownC．dropped D．broken16．A.stop B．preventC．hold D．cut17．A.someone B．a(chǎn)nyoneC．everyone D．noone18．A.fix B．digC．mend D．fit19．A.power B．timeC．enthusiasm D．wisdom20．A.officials B．teenagersC．teachers D．a(chǎn)dults21．A.saved B．praisedC．seated D．dragged22．A.important B．smallC．unnecessary D．children’s23．A.plan B．tendC．a(chǎn)ttempt D．mean24．A.new B．traditionalC．big D．social25．A.living B．differenceC．effort D．fortune26．A.want B．a(chǎn)llowC．convince D．force27．A.off B．a(chǎn)wayC．down D．up28．A.eat B．walkC．drive D．consume29．A.rich B．largeC．entire D．ordinary一、解題三步驟1．通讀全文，把握主線瀏覽全文，從而獲得整體感知，理解文章大意是解題的基礎(chǔ)，尤其注意首尾句(首尾段)信息。2．細(xì)讀文章，把握文脈在理解大意的情況下，準(zhǔn)確把握文章脈絡(luò)發(fā)展，主人公思想情感的變化是關(guān)鍵，結(jié)合選項，在做題過程中，遵循文章敘述事件的過程以及作者情感變化進行選擇，尤其注意瞻前顧后，判斷推理。3．重讀復(fù)核，消除疏漏將選定的答案代入文章進行復(fù)讀，確保全文文意連貫，思路通暢，情感變化有據(jù)可依。始終用“中心思想和寫作目的”這把尺子衡量所選擇的每個選項。二、答題六方法1．合理推斷——憑邏輯把握各段落、句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，加深對文章的全面理解，重點關(guān)注文中表示各種邏輯關(guān)系的關(guān)鍵詞，如轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系(yet，however，but，nevertheless等)，讓步關(guān)系(although，though等)，因果關(guān)系(becauseof，thus，since等)，并列關(guān)系(and，meanwhile等)及例證關(guān)系(forexample等)。2．分析語境——辨詞義針對選項詞義的辨析，在具體語言環(huán)境中進行把握，并注意對上下文邏輯關(guān)系的理解。3．瞻前顧后——尋復(fù)現(xiàn)每個題目在文章中都能找到信息依據(jù)，在解題中揣摩文章字里行間的意義，選擇與作者思路相吻合的選項。4．左顧右盼——找搭配注意所填的詞與空格前后詞語的習(xí)慣搭配，尤其空格前后的名詞、動詞、介詞等與各選項之間的搭配關(guān)系。5．推理信息——依背景結(jié)合生活經(jīng)驗和常識體會語篇所給的語境，做出合理推斷，確定正確選項。6．明晰結(jié)構(gòu)——借語法設(shè)題重點在代詞、介詞和從句的連接詞等幾個角度，解題時運用語法結(jié)構(gòu)分析長難句，明晰各個選項的細(xì)微差異。

答案解析話題詞匯梳理與對應(yīng)訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.1.in2.beingtreated3.finding4.that5.impressive6.a7.in8.on9.demanding10.it11.tosmoke12.toknow13.out14.to15.measuringⅡ.1.I’dappreciateitifyouwouldturnoffthelights.2．①Withthetimeforgraduationjustaroundthecorner，wearebusywithourpapers.②Asthetimeforgraduationisapproaching/drawingnear，wearebusywithourpapers.3．Onnoconditionmustyoutellthemthesecret.4．Impressedbythebeautifulscenery，Iforgottogobackhomeontime.5．①Shedemandedthathe(should)returnthebooksheborrowedfromher.②Shedemandedofhimtoreturnthebooksheborrowedfromher.6．totalk話題語篇訓(xùn)練(一)語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文，介紹了環(huán)保意識在美國從無到有，逐漸增強，說明環(huán)保教育勢在必行。1．C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Wedidn’tknowatthattimethatthereevenwasanenvironment，letalonethattherewasaproblemwithit...”可知，當(dāng)時美國人對環(huán)境問題沒有足夠的認(rèn)識，因此應(yīng)選擇C項。]2．A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Businesspeople，politicalleaders，universityprofessors，andespeciallymillionsofgrass-rootsAmericansaretakingpartinthemovement.”可知，這里強調(diào)了這個運動的主要支持者應(yīng)該是那些普通的美國民眾，因此答案應(yīng)是A項Thegrass-rootslevel。]3．D[細(xì)