□astronomyn.□solaradj.□atomn.□billionpron&n.&adj.□globen.□carbonn.□fundamentaladj.□presencen.□dissolvevt.&vi.□acidn.□chainn.□multiplyvi.&vt.□oxygenn.□mammaln．□dioxiden.□biologyn.□biologistn.□gravityn.□satelliten.□physicistn．□extinctadj.□spaceshipn.□lessenvi.&vt.□weightlesslyadv.□cabinn.□cometn．1．(2020·天津卷)Makingafull-lengthclay(黏土)figurewouldnotexhaustmystrength—andthatiswhatIintendtodo!用盡；用完2．(2020·全國卷Ⅲ)“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingahouse，”saysKathrynWhitehead. 提出(想法)3．(2019·北京卷)Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.排入4．(2017·浙江卷)Macheardalargevehiclebehindhim.Hepulledinfrontofitasthewolfwascatchingupfast,justadozenyardsawaynow. 停車[單詞拼寫·運用]核心單詞語境運用1．atmospheren．大氣層；氣氛2．exhaustvt.用盡；耗盡；使精疲力盡3．thusadv.因此；于是4．gentleadj.溫和的；文雅的5．climaten．氣候6．crashvi.&vt.碰撞；墜落7．pulln．&vt.拉(力)；拖；牽引力8．floatvi.&vt.n．漂浮物9．systemn．系統(tǒng)；體系；制度10．theoryn．學說；理論用所給詞的適當形式填空。1．Atruckwentoutofcontrolandcrashed(crash)intothebackofabus.2．Hefoundsomethingfloating(float)onthelake,whichfrightenedhim.3．Afterhisjourneyfromabroad，RichardJonesreturnedhome，exhausted(exhaust)．4．Theoldscientisttoldhisstudentsthatscientifictheories(theory)mustbebasedonfacts.5．Myuncle'scarcaughtfiresuddenly.Fortunately,hewaspulled(pull)outofthecarbyapasser-by.派生單詞語境運用1．violentadj.猛烈的；激烈的；強暴的→violencen．暴力→violentlyadv.暴力地；猛烈地2．likevt.喜歡prep.像→unlikeprep.與……不同；不像→dislikevt.不喜歡；討厭3．harmn．&vt.傷害→harmfuladj.有害的→harmlessadj.無害的4．existvi.存在；生存→existencen．存在；生存5．puzzlen．謎；難題vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)為難→puzzledadj.感到困惑的→puzzlingadj.令人困惑的6．religionn．宗教；宗教信仰→religiousadj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔誠的7．reactv．反應→reactionn．反應；回應用所給詞的適當形式填空。1．Therewasapuzzledlookonthelittlegirl'sfacebecauseapuzzlingproblempuzzledher.(puzzle)2．Inthefaceofviolence,peoplecanactviolentlyiftheyfeelthreatened.(violence)3．Playingcomputergamesdoesharmtoyourphysicalhealth,anditisalsoharmfultoyourmentalhealth.Sothereisnoharminadvisingyoutogiveitup.(harm)4．Hedoesn'tbelieveinanyreligionbutmeanwhileherespectsothers'religiousfreedom.(religion)5．Doyoubelieveintheexistenceofghosts?Perhapstheyonlyexistinthemindsofsomepeople.(exist)[短語理解·運用]高頻短語語境運用1．intime及時；終于2．prevent...from阻止；制止3．cheerup感到高興；感到振奮4．givebirthto產生；分娩5．inone'sturn輪到某人6．watchoutfor密切注意；當心；提防7．breakout突發(fā)；爆發(fā)8．blockout擋住(光線)9．getthehangof熟悉；掌握；理解填入一個適當?shù)脑~。Aconflictbroke①outwhenthevillagerstriedtopreventthefactoryworkers②fromsendingwastewaterintotheirfields.Thevillagershadbeenwatchingout③forthewastewaterforseveralweeks.Itwas,theyconcluded,veryharmfultotheircrops,thusgivingbirth④toafiercequarrel.Officialscamejust⑤intimetostopthesituationgettingworse.Theymanagedtoblock⑥outtheangerofthevillagers,promisingtopunishthefactoryforwhattheyhaddone.Onhearingthis,thevillagerscheered⑦upandtheconflictendedfinally.[句式辨識·運用]教材原句背誦句式結構仿寫1．make＋it＋adj.＋todoThisproducedachainreaction，whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.科技的發(fā)展會讓我們有可能知道宇宙是如何形成的。Thedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologywillmakeitpossibletoknowhowtheuniversecameintoexistence.2．倍數(shù)表達法ButwhenItriedtostepforward，IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.我付出的時間和精力是以前的三倍多，所以我相信我這次能成功。IhavedevotedthreetimesasmuchtimeandenergyasIdidbefore，soIbelieveIwillsucceedthistime.3．nowthat引導原因狀語從句...walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)既然你對我校這么感興趣，為什么不來看看呢？Nowthatyouaresointerestedinourschool,whynotcomehereandhavealook？1．harmfuladj.有害的[高考原句·2020·全國卷Ⅰ]Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.(1)beharmfulto對……有害harmlessadj.無害的(2)harmn．&v.傷害cause/doharmto...對……造成傷害/有害(3)thereisnoharmindoingsth.做某事沒有害處aharmfulinsect害蟲theharmfuleffectsoftobacco煙草的害處beharmfultochildren'steeth對兒童的牙齒有害[基礎練習]——單句語法填空①Someplantsandanimalscontainnaturalpoisonsthatareharmful(harm)topeople.②(2019·浙江卷)However,nopraisefromparentsalsodoesharmtotheirself-confidence.③Hemaynotbeabletohelpbutthere'snoharminasking(ask)him.[鏈接寫作]——一句多譯有些男生對玩電腦游戲簡直到了癡迷的程度，這對他們的健康非常有害。①Someboysaretoocrazyaboutplayingcomputergames,whichisveryharmfultotheirhealth．(harmful)②Someboysaretoocrazyaboutplayingcomputergames,whichdoesgreatharmtotheirhealth．(harm)2．existvi.存在；生存[高考原句·2020·新高考全國卷Ⅰ]Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.(1)existin在于……existon＝liveon靠……生存Thereexist(s)...有……(2)existencen．存在；實有；生活；生活方式comeintoexistence出現(xiàn)；產生(3)existingadj.現(xiàn)存的；現(xiàn)行的[基礎練習]——單句語法填空①Youcan'timaginewhatdifficultytheyhaveexistingonthelittlemoneyhe'searning.②(2019·北京卷)Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone,andmuchofitisbasedontrustandexisting(exist)relationships.③(2019·江蘇卷)Soscientistsaretryingtheirbesttosavethespeciesfromgoingoutofexistence(exist).[鏈接寫作]——完成句子長期以來，關于宇宙的起源科學家之間就有不同的理論。Eversincealongtimeago,therehaveexisteddifferenttheoriesamongscientistsonhowtheuniversefirstcameintoexistence．[名師點津]exist是不及物動詞，不能用于被動語態(tài)和進行時。3．puzzlen．謎；難題vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)為難[高考原句·2020·全國卷Ⅱ]Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.(1)puzzleabout/oversth.苦苦思索；仔細琢磨apuzzletosb.一件讓某人感到困惑的事情(2)puzzledadj.感到困惑的bepuzzledabout對……迷惑不解(3)puzzlingadj.令人困惑的(4)puzzlementn．困惑apuzzledlook疑惑的表情apuzzlingquestion令人疑惑的問題awordpuzzle字謎[基礎練習]——單句語法填空①Peoplehavelongpuzzledabout/overhowtheEgyptiansmovedsuchlargerocks.②Whenthelittlegirlwasaskedsuchapuzzling(puzzle)question,shestoodtherewithasurprisedlookonherface.③Hearingthemanager'sexplanation,hehadapuzzled(puzzle)expressiononhisface.④Muchtothepuzzlement(puzzle)ofhismother，helefthomewithoutsayingaword.[鏈接寫作]——完成句子①(2020·全國卷Ⅲ)Whatpuzzlesmemost(最讓我困惑的)abouttheplayishowweshoulduseproperstagelanguagesfordifferentroles.②Thecauseofthefirewasapuzzletothefiremen(讓消防隊員困惑的事情)．4．intime及時；終于；遲早(1)intimefor...剛好趕上……intimetodosth.剛好趕上/及時做某事(2)ontime準時innotime立刻，趕快，馬上atatime每次，一次atonetime曾經；一度attimes有時atnotime在任何時候都不，從來沒有atthesametime同時；盡管如此[基礎練習]——單句語法填空①(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)Istillcan'tbelievewhatacoincidenceitwas.I'mjustsogladIwasthereintimetohelp(help)myson.②Itisimportanttopayyourelectricitybillontime,aslatepaymentsmayaffectyourcredit.③Themanagerwantstoseechangesinthecompany,andIamsurehewillintime.④Atnotimedidtheyactuallybreaktherulesofthegame.Itwasunfairtopunishthem.⑤Eachstudentisallowedtoborrowtwobooksatatimefromtheschoollibrary.[鏈接寫作]——完成句子①曾經我甚至感到我父母不理解我，我希望我能脫離他們。Atonetime,Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn'tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreefromthem.②旅行似乎是漫長的，但是我們將及時趕到那里。Thejourneymayseemlong，butweshallgetthereintime．5．inone'sturn輪到某人(1)taketurnsdoing/todosth.輪流做某事It'sone'sturn(todosth.)輪到某人(做某事)了(2)byturns輪流著inturn反過來；依次[基礎練習]——單句語法填空①Atthemeetingtheytookturnstoput/putting(put)forwardanumberofsuggestionsaimingtopromotethereformofeducationsystem.②It'smyturntopick(pick)upthekidsafterschoolthisweek.③Thetwodaughterslookedaftertheirsickmotherbyturns.[鏈接寫作]——完成句子/句式升級人們使用自己的小汽車以避免公共交通延誤，反過來，這又造成更多的問題。①(普通表達)Peopletrytoavoidpublictransportationdelaysbyusingtheirowncars,andthisinturncreatesmoreproblems.②(高級表達)Peopletrytoavoidpublictransportationdelaysbyusingtheirowncars，whichinturncreatesmoreproblems．(非限制性定語從句)6．cheerup感到高興；感到振奮(1)cheersb.on以喝彩聲鼓勵某人；為某人加油(2)cheeringadj.能鼓舞人的；使人振作/高興的cheerfuladj.快樂的；高興的；興高采烈的(3)Cheers！(用于祝酒)干杯！burstintocheers突然歡呼起來cheertheirsportsteams為他們的運動隊加油[基礎練習]——單句語法填空①—I'mthinkingofthetesttomorrow.I'mafraidIcan'tpassitthistime.—Cheerup!I'msureyouwillmakeit.②Cathydidn'texpectanyawardbutwasstilltheretocheeronherfriendsandpraisetheiraccomplishments.[鏈接寫作]——詞匯升級/完成句子①(普通表達)WhenI'mfeelingsad,mymothertellsmefunnystoriestomakemehappy.(高級表達)WhenI'mfeelingdepressed,mymothertellsmefunnystoriestocheermeup．②中國女排運動員們一出現(xiàn)，觀眾們就歡呼起來。ThemomenttheplayersoftheChineseWomenVolleyballTeamturnedup,theaudienceburstintocheers．7．[教材佳句P26]Thisproducedachainreaction，whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.這就產生了連鎖反應，使生命的發(fā)展成為可能。[句法句式]句中為“makeit＋adj.＋forsb.todosth.”句型，其中it作形式賓語，真正的賓語為forlifetodevelop。(1)make＋it＋形容詞/名詞＋that從句make＋it＋形容詞/名詞＋todo不定式make＋it＋nogood/nouse/novalue...＋doingsth.(2)常用于這種句型的動詞有：make，think，consider，find，feel等。[金句推送]Tomakeiteasierforustogetintouch,you'dbetterkeepthiscardathand.為了更便于聯(lián)系，你最好將這張卡片放在身邊。[基礎練習]——單句語法填空①(2018·浙江卷)Ihavemuchexperienceinvoluntarywork,soIfinditagoodideatoapply(apply)fortheposition.②Susanmadeitcleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.③Heisstubborn,whichmakesitnousequarrelling(quarrel)withhimaboutit.[鏈接寫作]——句式升級(普通表達)Ithinkreadinginbedisnogood，whichdoesgreatharmtoyoureyes.(高級表達)Ithinkitnogoodreadinginbed，whichdoesgreatharmtoyoureyes.(形式賓語)8．[教材佳句P31]ButwhenItriedtostepforward，IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.但當我試著向前邁步時，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。[句法句式]句中twiceasfaras...是一種倍數(shù)的表示方法，意為“是……的兩倍遠”。常見的倍數(shù)句型：(1)...倍數(shù)＋as＋adj./adv.＋as...(2)...倍數(shù)＋形容詞比較級/副詞比較級＋than...(3)...倍數(shù)＋thesize/length/height/depth/width＋of...[金句推送]It'ssaidthatthepowerplantisnowtwiceaslargeaswhatitwas.據(jù)說該發(fā)電廠現(xiàn)在是以前的兩倍大。[基礎練習]——單句語法填空①Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfaster(fast)thantraditionalgarbageasawhole.②Thenewstadiumbeingbuiltforthe2022AsianGameswillbethreetimestheheight(high)ofthepresentone.③Thisfamouscompanyhasproducedtwiceasmanyelectricvehiclesthisyearaslastyear.[鏈接寫作]——一句多譯(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)這部短片講述了我們學校的發(fā)展?，F(xiàn)在，我們的學校面積是十年前的三倍大。①Theshortfilmtellsaboutthedevelopmentofourschool,whichisthreetimesasbigasitwastenyearsago.②Theshortfilmtellsaboutthedevelopmentofourschool,whichistwicebiggerthanitwastenyearsago.③Theshortfilmtellsaboutthedevelopmentofourschool,whichisthreetimesthesizeoftheonetenyearsago.[名師點津]表示“兩倍”時要用double或twice，三倍或三倍以上用“基數(shù)詞＋times”。有時我們也用分數(shù)、百分數(shù)、half等代替倍數(shù)。夯基固本——基礎強化Ⅰ.用所給詞的正確形式填空。1．Itwastheculture，ratherthanthelanguage，thatmadeithardforhimtoadapt(adapt)tothenewenvironment.2．Canyoutellthesubtledifferencebetweenthewords“require”and“request”？Isometimesgetpuzzled(puzzle)bytheirmeanings.3．Whatisknowntousallisthatdrinkingtoomuchisharmful(harm)toyourhealth.4．ThePeople'sRepublicofChinacameintoexistence(exist)asanindependentcountryin1949．5．Lastnight,Mrs.Greenhadaheartattack.Butluckily,thedoctorcameintimetosave(save)herlife.Ⅱ.在空白處填入一個適當?shù)脑~。1．Thoughinjuredseriously,hetriedtocheerup,hopingtomakehisparentslessworried.2．Gettingangrynotonlydoesharmtoone'shealthbutalsohasabadeffectontherelationshipbetweenpeople.3．Nowthatwehavefinisheddesigning,thecompany,initsturn,shoulddotheconstructingwork.4．Theywanttomakeitcleartothepublicthatthecleanworkersdoanimportantandnecessaryjob.5．Eventhoughtherewereonlytenminutesleft,Iwasintimeforthelecture.查缺補漏——知識拾遺Ⅰ.用所給詞的正確形式填空。1．Someinsectshavebeenfoundliving(live)forseveralyearswithoutanywater.2．Hermotherstronglyobjectedtohermarriage.Surprisingly,herreaction(react)totheobjectionwasrathercalm.3．(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobal(globe)populationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeenpoorlystudied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20，000－25，000polarbearsworldwide.4．(2019·江蘇卷)Stevemovedtothepianoandsatatthebench,handstremblingashegently(gentle)placedhisfingersonthekeys.5．Theschoolmastersaidthatsomemeasuresshouldbetakentostopschoolviolence(violent)．6．Duringthosefouryears,heworkeddayandnight,thusimproving(improve)histheorygraduallyuntilitwascomplete.Ⅱ.在空白處填入一個適當?shù)脑~。1．Whetherthebuildingsinthisareashouldbepulleddownhasremainedcontroversial;peoplearestilllookingforotherpossiblesolutions.2．NowthatyouarefondoftraditionalChineseculture,Ithinkthisisagreatopportunitythatyoucannotmiss.3．Theconversationwascarriedoninaharmoniousandfriendlyatmosphere.4．Atlastthefirefightersputoutthefire,whichbrokeoutinthesupermarketattenthismorning.5．Ifwedon'ttakesteps,Tibetanantelopesandgiantpandaswilldieoutsomedayjustasdinosaurs.強技提能——語言應用Ⅰ.語法填空短文中黑體部分為本單元核心知識點，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式，并背誦該短文。Unlikeotherstarsinspace,themoonisasatelliteofourplanet—theearth,theonlyonesuitableforlifeinthesolarsystem.Fromancienttimes,peoplewishedtobeabletofloatintheairortraveltothemoon.Theyeven1．imagined(imagine)livingonthemoon.However,itisimpossibleforpeople2．tolive(live)onthemoon,forthereisno3．existence(exist)ofatmosphere,4．especially(especial)nooxygenandtheclimateisviolent.Now5．thatwecan'tliveonthemoon,whydoscientistssparenoefforttodoresearchintoit?Thatisbecausescientistsaremakinguse6．ofthespecialgravity,7．whichisone-sixththatoftheearth,toimpro