第二部分DIERBUFEN

語法考點突破

板塊一詞形的變換

第1講名詞和數(shù)詞

［前沿最新動態(tài)］

題型

高考典題試做

語法填空

1.（2021?新高考卷I）Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwill

remindyouhowtinywehumans（human）are.

2.（2021?全國甲卷）Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthe

differentgatesandwatchtowers（watchtower）totakepicturesorjusttowatchthe

localpeoplegoingabouttheirdailyroutines.

3.（2020?浙江卷）Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththeseasons（season）,plantingatthe

righttimeand,indryareas,makinguseofannualfloodstoirrigate（灌溉）theirfields.

4.（2020?浙江卷?1月）ForJapan,thenumbers（number）aremorestriking—22in1950,

46todayand53in2050.

5.（2018?全國卷I）Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin

2014thatshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheart

diseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses（cause）.

命題角度解讀

1.給出名詞的單數(shù)形式，考查其復(fù)數(shù)形式；

2.給出數(shù)詞的基數(shù)詞，考查其序數(shù)詞。

短文改錯

1.（2021,全國乙卷）1alwaysassistmyparentsindoingthedishaftermeals.

dishdishes

2.(2021?全國甲卷)Manystudentssaytheywilltalktotheirfriendorclassmates

becausethey，reofthesameageandcanunderstandeachother.

friendffriends

3.(2020?全國卷［)NextIbroketheeggsintoabowlandbeatthemquicklywith

chopstick.chopstickfchopsticks

4.(2020?全國卷II)Luckily,Iwillgohomeintwoweeksforsummervacations.

vacationsfvacation

1.可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的錯用；

2.可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的誤用；

3.名詞與名詞所有格的誤用；

4.序數(shù)詞和基數(shù)詞的誤用。

核心語法精講

考點一名詞的數(shù)

［題組試做］

I.單句語法填空

1.Thepaperwasusedforsealingupholesinwallsandroofs(roof)inthecold

andfreezingwinter.

2.Thepianos(piano)intheothershopwillbecheaper,buttheyarenotasgood.

3.Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolves(wolf)would

killtheirfarmanimalsorpets.

4.Ispenttenminuteswalkingupanddownthehighstreet,desperatelyavoiding

eyecontactwithpassers-by(passer-by).

5.Ananthastwostomachs(stomach).Oneholdsthefoodforitselfandtheother

isforfoodtobegiventootherants.

II.單句改錯

6.(2021?太原階段三則評)ItisoneoftheofficiallanguageoftheUnitedNationsto

developmoreeffectivecommunication.

language—languages

7.(2021?合肥第一次質(zhì)量檢測)Myfavouritesportisswimming,soIdecidedto

goswimmingintheseaoneafternoonwithmyfriend,WangFeiandLiLei.

friendffriends

［要點解讀］

一、名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化

變化規(guī)則例詞

mapfmaps；girlfgirls；

一般情況加-S

housefhouses；mouthfmouths

以-th結(jié)尾的，加-Smonthmonths；truthftruths

classfclasses；boxfboxes；

以-x,-sh,-chbrushfbrushes；matchfmatches

結(jié)尾的，加-es但是stomach(胃)的復(fù)數(shù)是

stomachs；ox(公牛)的復(fù)數(shù)是oxen

cityfcities；countrycountries；

“輔音字母+y”結(jié)partyfparties；factoryffactories

尾的，變y為i加-es注意：以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的則

直接加-s,如boyfboys；toytoys

tomatoftomatoes；potatofpotatoes；

hero-heroes；NegroNegroes；

mango^mangoes

以“輔音字母+0”注意：1.少數(shù)名詞加或-es均可，

結(jié)尾的，一般加-es如volcano->volcano(e)s；

mosquito->mosquito(e)s

2.少數(shù)名詞只加s,如pianofpianos；

photophotos

以“元音字母+0”radiofradios；zoofzoos；

結(jié)尾的，加-sbamboobamboos

以-f,-fe結(jié)尾的，通halffhalves；leaf—leaves；

常變f或fe為v,再shelffshelves；thief—thieves；

加-eswolffwolves；wiffefwives；

life-*lives；knifeknives

但是也有的直接加-s,如roof-proofs；

chieffchiefs；還有有兩種復(fù)數(shù)形式的，如

handkerchief->handkerchiefs/handkerchieves

合成名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時，

son-in-law-sons-in-law

通常只將里面所含的

passer-by-*"passers-by

主體名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)，

story-teller->story-tellers

如果沒有主體名詞，

go-between->go-betweens

則將最后一部分變成

grown-upfgrown-ups

復(fù)數(shù)

二、名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化

變化情況例詞

childfchildren；foot-*feet；

toothfteeth；mousefmice；

manfmen；womanfwomen

注意：由man或woman構(gòu)成的

特殊變化

合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men和

-women,如anEnglishmantwo

Englishmen；但German不是合

成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans

有些名詞的單復(fù)細(xì)菌bacterium（單數(shù)）bacteria（復(fù)數(shù)）;

數(shù)有不同的拼寫資料、數(shù)據(jù)datum（單數(shù)）fdata（復(fù)數(shù)）；

方法現(xiàn)象phenomenon（單數(shù)）fphenomena（復(fù)數(shù)）

考點二名詞的所有格

［題組試做］

I.單句語法填空

1.Inaddition,thehostess'(hostess)cookingwillguaranteeyouawonderful

chanceoftastingdeliciousChinesefood.

2.Thearticleconcludesthatparents'(parents)educationaffectstheirchildren，s

future.

3.“Today's(today)storyisaboutthesuccessofapoorchild,“theteacher

said.

4.We'dbetterstayinahotelthatisjustastone's(stone)throwfromtherailway

stationforthesakeofconvenience.

5.Studiesshowthatachild's(child)characterisgreatlyinfluencedbyhis/her

homeenvironment.

II.單句改錯

6.Butwithmyteammatesencouragement,Iwasabletocommunicatesmoothly

withthem.teammatesfteammates'

7.Myfathernewbook,whichistobepublishednextweek,issuretobeanother

hit.fatherffather's

8.Ideletedanafternoonworkonthecomputerbymistake,whichmademe

annoyed.aftnmoonfaflemoon's

［要點解讀］

名詞的所有格

1.有生命的名詞，其所有格一般在名詞后加-'s。

hisfather，sboss他爸爸的老板

2.表示時間、城市、地域、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)等無生命的事物后也可加-'s,表示

其所有格。

today'spaper今天的報紙

England,sshore英國的海岸

thecar'sdesign這輛車的設(shè)計

3.在某些習(xí)慣用語中，也需要加-'s所有格。

astone'sthrow近在咫尺

keepsb.atarm'slength與某人保持距離；不親近某人

beatone'swits,end黔驢技窮

4.如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩個人共有，則只在后一個名詞后加-'s,如果不是共有

的則兩個名詞后都要加-'s。

JaneandMary'smother簡和瑪麗的媽媽(共有，暗示簡和瑪麗是姐妹關(guān)系)

Jane'sandMary'smothers簡的媽媽和瑪麗的媽媽(不是共有，分別指兩位媽

媽）

5.雙重所有格：“a/two/some...+名詞+of+名詞's/名詞性物主代詞”構(gòu)成

雙重所有格，“of+名詞所有格”中的名詞必須表示人，不能表示事物。

afriendofhermother's她媽媽的一個朋友

twophotosofhers她的兩張照片

考點三數(shù)詞——基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞

［題組試做］

I.單句語法填空

1.Itscelebrationshappenedasearlyasthefifth(five)century.

2.Theelevatorbrokedownandwehadtowalkuptothetenth(ten)floor.

3.Saturnisthesecond(two)biggestplanetinthesolarsystem.

4.Eachyear,hundreds(hundred)oftheanimalsarekilledfortheirfur.

5.rmafrequenttravellerandIeatouttwice(two)aday.

6.Ithasbeensnowing,roughlyeverythird(three)day,foraslongasfvehad

theflu.

n.單句改錯

7.Inthetwentycentury,localstudieshaveincreasinglybecomeacceptableto

professionals.twentyftwentieth

8.Today,expertsbelievethatnearlytwo-thirdoftheworld'spopulationlive

withineightykilometersoftheseacoast.

two-thirdftwo-thirds

9.Somemenareoldatsixty-five;othersarestillaslivelyascricket