OxfordDictionariesWordoftheYear2013Selfieaphotographthatonehastakenofoneself,typicallyonetakenwithasmartphoneorwebcamanduploadedtoasocialmediawebsite做作業(yè)太無趣了，所以我拍了一張自拍照、發(fā)布到了網(wǎng)上。Myhomeworkwastooboring,soItookaselfieandpostedittotheInternet.VietnameseWarisadrainonAmericanresources.越南戰(zhàn)爭不斷地消耗美國的資源。Theunpleasantnoisemustbeimmediatelyputanendto.必須立即終止這種討厭的噪音。ThecreditsysteminAmericawasfirstadoptedbyHarvardUniversityin1872.美國的學(xué)分制是1872年在哈佛大學(xué)首先實施的。ReviewIfyousaythatsomethingisa

drain

onanorganization'sfinancesorresources,youmeanthatitcoststheorganizationalargeamountofmoney,andyoudonotthinkthatitisworthit.(資源、資金的)外流;消耗去年這個地區(qū)遭受了60年來最嚴重的旱災(zāi)。Lastyeartheregion

washitby

theworstdroughtin60years.現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)找到了從垃圾中提取和利用這些材料的方法。Methodsarefound

totakethesematerialsoutoftherubbishandusethemagain.她突然發(fā)脾氣，使老頭大吃一驚。Her

suddenfury

greatlysurprisedtheoldman.Diction

遣詞用字..yet,asitsometimeshappensthatapersondepartshislife,whoisreallydeservingofthepraisesthestone-cuttercurvesoverhisbones;whoisgoodChristian,agoodparent,child,wifeorhusband;whoactuallydoeshaveadisconsolatefamilytomournhisloss;...……不過偶然也有幾個死人當?shù)闷鹗晨淘谒麄冃喙巧系暮迷挕Ｕ娴氖球\的教徒，慈愛的父母，孝順的兒女，賢良的妻子，盡職的丈夫，他們家里的人也的確哀思綿綿地追悼他們。Heismycousin.他是我堂（表）兄/弟。她鉛筆盒里有五支筆。pencil,ballpointpens,writingbrush…哥哥你岸上走，妹妹我坐船頭Canwetranslatethemintobrotherandsister?Why?Howtotranslatethefollowingwords?Howtotranslatethefollowingsentence?

Tensionisbuildingup.形勢緊張起來。電壓在加強。張力在增大。壓力在增強。What’swrongwiththefollowingtranslation?AndIsayitisasgreattobeawomanastobeaman.AndIsaythereisnothinggreaterthanthemotherofman.我說，做女人和做男人一樣偉大。我說，最偉大的莫如男人的母親。最后一個man指人（不是男人）。

family的譯法：

原文：Doyouhaveafamily?

譯文：你有家庭嗎？

你有孩子了嗎？HighlightsoftheUnitCorrespondencebetweenEnglishandChineseatWordLevelMethodsofDiscriminatingtheOriginalMeaningofanEnglishWordExtensionofthewordmeaning(詞義的引申)DictioninChinese-EnglishTranslationⅠ.

CorrespondencebetweenEnglishandChineseatWordLevelword-for-wordcorrespondenceMarxism激光癌癥Sun,moon,sky,mountain…馬克思主義LasercancerWordswithoutequivalentBabyboomer:rigjackereggathon節(jié)氣,三伏,三九嬰兒潮時代出生的人劫持近海油井設(shè)備的人吃煮雞蛋比賽OneWordwithMultipleEquivalenceoftheSameMeaningWife:妻子、愛人、夫人、老婆、老伴、媳婦、堂客、內(nèi)人、拙荊…Potato:馬鈴薯、洋芋、土豆、山藥蛋人：Humanbeing,man,people,personOnewordswithseveralequivalentsofdifferentmeaningscousin:堂兄、弟、姐、妹/表兄、弟、姐、妹president總統(tǒng)、總裁、主席、董事長…羊：sheep,goat,lamb,ram,eweFalseequivalence“知識分子”Vs.intellectual我在看書。Iamreadingabook.請在這兒簽名。Pleasesignyournamehere.她不得不彎腰去撿棍子。Shehadtobendherbacktopickupthestick.Howtotranslatethefollowingwords?Frenchchalk法國粉筆滑石粉Chinatown中國城鎮(zhèn)外國城市里中國人居住區(qū)Chinarose中國玫瑰月季Americanbeauty美國美女月月紅Germanshepherd德國牧羊人牧羊犬sweetwater淡水、飲用水bedclothes床上用品blacksheep敗家子dogear(書頁的)折角drygoods紡織品handmoney定金、保證金deadeye神槍手busybody愛管閑事的人FromChinatoPeruDutchtreatFrenchleaveItalianfootballcastleinSpainGreekgift天涯海角各自付費的聚餐不辭而別炸彈空中樓閣，白日夢害人的禮物Ⅱ.MethodsofDiscriminatingtheOriginalMeaningofanEnglishWordDistinguishtheoriginalmeaningofanEnglishwordbymeansofitspartofspeech

Idon’tlikeitwhenshetellsmehowtodothings.Fromwhatyousay,shesounds

liketherightpersonforthejob.WillweeverseethelikeofMozartagain?distinguish

bymeansofsyntax

（從詞的語法形式判斷）agreement同意people人民use使用anagreement協(xié)定apeople民族uses用途Specialpluralscustom

習(xí)慣experience

經(jīng)驗thelastword 最后一句話innumber 數(shù)目上inspirit 精神上onorder 訂購中atthefootof 在…底部makeaspeech 發(fā)表演說customs

海關(guān)experiences

經(jīng)驗thelastwords 遺囑innumbers 很多inspirits 興致勃勃onorders 根據(jù)命令atthefeetof 屈服于…makespeeches 指責，教 訓(xùn)Judgingfromthecontextandcollocation(1)Thewarisbecomingthemostimportantstoryofthisgeneration.(2)It’squiteanotherstorynow.(3)LastDecemberthePost(郵報)firstreportedthatprobeswerebeingmadeineachofthosecities,butofficialsrefusedtoconfirmthestory.(1)這場戰(zhàn)爭將成為這代人所經(jīng)歷的最重大的事件。(2)現(xiàn)在的情況完全不同了。(3)去年12月，《郵報》首先報道調(diào)查工作已在那些城市里進行，但是官員們拒絕證實那條消息。Hisplanedevelopedenginetroubleonlysevenmilesaftertakeoff.發(fā)生故障Inspiredbytheseideas,in1752Franklindevelopedapracticallightningrod.研制避雷針Todevelopthecapabilitiesofthegeophysicalprospecting…提高能力Wemustdevelopallthenaturalsubstanceinourcountry.開發(fā)資源Theword“hot”hasmanymeanings,butinthespecificcollocationsitsmeaningisconcrete.hotbathPepperishot.ahottemperhotmusichotnewshotmaterialhotdispute熱水浴胡椒是辣的。暴躁的脾氣節(jié)奏強的音樂最新消息強放射性物質(zhì)激烈爭論delicateporcelaindelicatefooddelicateskindelicatehealthdelicatediplomaticquestiondelicateearformusicdelicatesenseofsmell精致的瓷器美味的食物嬌嫩的皮膚虛弱的身體微妙的外交問題對音樂有鑒賞力靈敏的觸覺adrycowadrypartyadrybookadryanswerdryhumoradrybusinessseasondrywinesadryrehearsal不產(chǎn)奶的母牛無酒的聚會枯燥無味的書冷淡的回答冷面幽默生意淡季無甜味的酒空彈演習(xí)JudgingfromdifferentbranchesoflearningandspecialtiesThelathe(車床)shouldbesetonafirmbase.車床應(yīng)安裝在堅實的底座上。（機械）Abasereactswithanacidtoformasalt.堿與酸反應(yīng)生成鹽。（化學(xué)）Heisonthesecondbase.他在二壘。（體育）Thewearytroopsmarchedbacktothebase.疲憊不堪的士兵列隊返回基地。computerswithin-builtpersonalities安裝有內(nèi)置個性芯片的計算機（而非“性格”）Homeapplianceswillalsobecomesosmartthat…家用電器也會變得如此智能化……（而非“聰明”）Governmentsareoftenforcedtointroducestillfurtherinnovations…各國政府常常不得不出臺進一步的革新措施……（而非“介紹”）ⅢExtensionofthewordmeaning(詞義的引申）Heavycrop大豐收Heavytraffic交通擁擠1）將詞義做具體的引申Alltheirregularitiesofthestudentsinthatuniversityresultinpunishment.在那所大學(xué)，學(xué)生的任何違紀行為都要受到處分。AstheplanecameinatNewYork’sInternationalAirport,Edithhadamomentoffear.

飛機抵達紐約機場時，艾迪斯心頭掠過一陣恐慌。Wisdompreparesfortheworst,butfollyleavestheworstforthedayitcomes.智慧為最壞做好準備，但是愚蠢將最壞留給它到來的那一天。智者做好準備對付最壞的情況，愚者等到最壞的情況來臨的時候才著急。智者防患于未然，愚者臨渴掘井。2）根據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)系引申轉(zhuǎn)譯Opticstechnologyisoneofthemostsensationaldevelopmentsinrecentyears.光學(xué)技術(shù)是近年來轟動一時的科學(xué)成就之一。（不譯“發(fā)展”）Thebeautyoflasersisthat…激光的妙處在于…（不譯“美麗”）Summary：詞義的正確選擇首先取決于對原文的確切理解對原文詞義的確切理解又取決于對原文上下文的推敲有些詞看起來很簡單，但有時最常用的對應(yīng)詞卻不能準確地表達原作的意思。

Ⅳ.DictioninChinese-EnglishTranslation漢譯英中的選詞BasicPrinciples確切：這個人私販鴉片(opium)。（secretlysell?）Thismanisatraffickerofopium.簡潔：他們你一句，我一句，說個沒完。Theytalkedonandon(withoutstopping.)生動：他總算把記者招待會對付過去了。Afterall,hesurvivedthepressconference.不能夠字字死譯，要考慮英語的含義。為了多積攢點錢買房子，他們省吃儉用。Theylivefrugallytoaccumulatemoremoneytobuyahouse.*Theysavefoodandexpensesto---思想：毛澤東思想MaozedongThought解放思想Liberateone’smind軍事思想militarythinking注意詞的廣義與狹義1．農(nóng)業(yè)是國民經(jīng)濟的基礎(chǔ)。Agricultureisthefoundationofthenationaleconomy.2．他從不喝酒。Henevertoucheswine.注意詞義的強弱3．恐怖分子的暴行激起了人民的極大憤怒。Theatrocitiesoftheterroristsrousedthepeopletogreatindignation(憤慨；義憤).4．孫中山是個好人。Dr.SunZhongshanwasamanofintegrity.注意詞義的褒貶5．我們應(yīng)該從這里得出一條經(jīng)驗，就是不要被假象所迷惑。Weshoulddrawalessonhere:Don’tbemisledbyfalseappearances.“農(nóng)民”Vs“peasant”

“地主”Vs“l(fā)andlord”propaganda注意詞的政治含義中國大陸MainlandofChina,Chinesemainland,China’smainlandMainlandChina釣魚島DiaoyuIslandsSenkakuIslands注意詞的搭配漢英兩種語言在長期使用過程中形成了各自的固定詞組和搭配用法翻譯時必須注意兩者的不同，不能把漢語詞的搭配用法生搬硬套到英語譯文中。濃茶濃云濃霧strongtea