2023年名校版高考英語閱讀理解

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AvolunteerteaminSouthAfricaisrescuingpangolinsfrom

illegaltradeastheanimalsfacegrowingthreatsofextinction.

Pangolins,orscalyant-eatersastheyareotherwiseknown,

areuniquespeciesfoundinAsiaandAfrica.Theyarecoveredin

hardscales（鱗甲）.Whentheyfeelthreatenedtheyrollupintoa

tightballwithonlytheirscalesexposed.

Pangolinsarelittlestudiedandlittleunderstoodspecies.

However,theyarepoachedandillegallytradedinAsiaandAfrica.

TheirmeatisconsideredadelicacyinmanyAsiancountriesand

thescalesareusedinexpensiveclothingandhandbags.But

muchoftheillegaltradeinpangolinsinvolvestheirscales,which

arethoughttofightillnesses.Highdemandfortheirscaleshas

resultedinpoachingandillegaltradedespitethefactthatthe

speciesisprotected.

TheAfricanPangolinWorkingGroupinJohannesburgisa

volunteerteamofveterinarians（獸醫(yī)）andwildlifeexperts.They

takecareoftheirwounds,feedthemandbringthembackto

health.NicciWrightheadsthegroup.

"Whenwereceivethosepangolinstheyareallveryweak,

whethertheyhavebeenwiththepoachersforafewdaysorup

totwoweeks,"Wrightsaid"Theyhavegotwoundsandinjuries,

anditisverypitifulandverydifficulttoemotionallydealwith

thatkindofsufferingandabuse.”

Thegroupisnotjusttreatingpangolins.Theyalsohelppolice

toidentifyandcatchpoachersandtraders

ofteninundercoveroperations.Theyalsoworkon

anti-traffickingmeasures.Thelatestprogramistotraindogsto

sniffoutpangolinsbeinghiddenandtransported.

Itisreportedthat97tonsofpangolinscaleswereseizedfrom

smugglerswhotriedtotakethemoutofAfricalastyear.This

amountstoabout150,000poachedanimals.However,ifsonly

about20percentofthetotalnumber,becausetherestescaped

withthepoachers."Ifthistrendcontinues,thereisaverylikely

extinctioneventforallspeciesofthepangolin,HWrightnoted.

8.Whyarepangolinsconsidereduniquemammals?

A.Theirmeatmakesdeliciousfood.

B.Theyhavescalestoprotectthemselves.

C.Theyareindangerofdyingout.

D.Theyarelittleunderstoodspecies.

9.Whatpushesthepoachingandillegaltradeofpangolins?

A.FoodshortagesinAfrica.

B.Healthbenefitsoftheirmeat.

C.Medicinalvalueoftheirscales.

D.Thedemandoffashionindustry.

10.Whatdothevolunteerteam1seffortsfocuson?

A.Catchingthepoachersandillegaltraders.

B.Trainingdogstofindthehiddenpangolins.

C.Reportinganyillegaltradeorpoaching.

D.Treatingandtendingtherescuedpangolins.

11.WhatisNicciWrightsmajorconcernaccordingtothelast

paragraph?

A.Pangolins'sufferingandabuse.

B.Extinctionofallpangolinspecies.

CAdeclineinpangolinpopulations.

D.Theresearchonpangolin1sbehavior.

BCDB

Chemically,therearemanydifferentalcohols.Allofthemare

poisonsforalmostalllivingthings.Afterapersonswallowsa

drinkcontainingalcohol,thealcoholisabsorbedrapidlyintothe

bloodstream.Itisthenslowlyremovedandburnedup,changing

entirelyintheprocesstocarbondioxideandwater,mostlyby

actionoftheliver.Theeffectsofalcoholonthebodycomefrom

itseffectonthebrain.Andtheydependupontheamountof

alcoholthatbuildsupinthebloodstream.

Aswithmanyotherpoisons,asmallamountofalcoholhas

somespecialeffects.Insmallamountsitactsasastimulant.

Peoplewhoare"uptight”—tenseandnervous—areaptto

becomemorerelaxedandtalkative,andseemtolosetheir

worries.Forthisreason,somepeopledrinkalittlealcoholaftera

hardday'swork.

Thetroublewithalcoholbeginswithjustalittlemorejust一

aslightlyhigheramount—inthebloodstream.Thenit

becomesadepressant.Depressantsmakepeopleslowerat

thinkingandsloweratmoving.Butpeopleareapttothinkthey

aresmarterandfaster.That,sbad.Youcaneasilyunderstand

whytheyshouldnotbedrivingacar.

There'sanotherpartaboutdrinkingtoomuchalcohol,which

isevenworse.Peoplearelikelytoloseself-control.Thentheyare

likelytodrinkevenmore.Thosewhoaredrunkarenotverynice

tobearoundandcanbedangerous—tothemselvesandothers.

Somepeoplearecompulsivedrinkers.Evenasmallamount

ofalcohol"setsthemoff,"andtheykeepondrinking.These

peoplearecalledalcoholics.TheAmericanMedicalAssociation

saystheyhavethediseaseofalcoholism.

Sofar,noonehasfoundacure.Theonlytreatmentforan

alcoholicistonevertakeadrinkofalcohol-notevenalittlebit.

Thatmaysoundsimple,butforanalcoholicit'snot.

12.Whichpartofbodydoesalcoholhavethemosteffectson?

A.Thebloodstream.

B.Theheart.

C.Thebrain.

D.Theliver.

13.Whydopeopleliketodrinkalcoholafteraday*swork?

A.Torelaxthemselves.

B.Tomakethemsmarter.

C.Tohaveagoodsleep.

D.Tobecomebraver.

14.Whatdoestheauthor*ssuggestiontoalcoholics?

A.Drinknlittlebiteachday.

B.Cutdownontheamount.

C.Neverdriveafterdrinking.

D.Stopdrinkingcompletely.

15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Thebenefitsofalcoholdrinking.

B.Theeffectsofalcoholonpeople

C.Thetreatmentsonalcoholism.

D.Thecausesofgettingdrunk.

CADB

Anextremelyraremanuscript（手稿）signedbyEnglish

naturalistCharlesDarwinisexpectedtofetchupto$790,00ata

Sothebyzsauctionnextmonth.Thedocumentcontainsa

passagefromthefamous1859workOntheOriginofSpecies,in

whichDarwinputforthhistheoryofevolution.

Thedocumentwasoncethoughttobeadesertedpagefrom

anearliermanuscriptofthework.Butexpertsnowunderstandit

waswrittenin1865andsenttotheeditoroftheAutographic

MirrorwhohadrequestedasignedwritingsamplefromDarwin.

“WhilesomeofDarwin'snotesandmanuscriptpageshave

survivedoverthelasthundredormoreyears,hewasknownto

keeprevisinghispublications,oftenthrowingawaypagesfrom

workingdraftsaswastepaper,makingthemextremelyrare,"

Sotheby'ssaidinastatement.

OntheOriginofSpecieswasvotedthemostinfluential

academicbookofalltimeinapublicpollheldduringAcademic

BookWeekin2O15.ThebookoffersDarwin'srevolutionaryidea

thatspeciesevolveovergenerationsintheprocessofnatural

selection.

Darwinbackeduphistheorywithevidencecollectedduring

his1831—1836voyageontheH.MS.Beagle,duringwhichhe

observedandcollectedspecimens（標本）fromanumberof

species.OntheGalapagosIslandsoffthecoastofEcuador,

Darwinnotedthatthefinches（鳴雀）ontheislandweresimilarto

finchesonthemainland;however,theavailabilityofdifferent

foodsineachareahadledtodifferencesinbeakshapes.

ThemanuscriptwillbeplacedondisplayatSotheby'sinNew

YorkbetweenNov.30andDec8,andonlinebidswillbe

acceptedbetweenNow.25andDec.8.Theauctionhouse

estimatesthatthedocumentwillfetchbetween$600,000and

$790,000.

Theauction,whichistitledAgeofWonder,willalso

includeafirsteditionofOntheOrigino