電子與通信技術(shù)專業(yè)英語高職高專電子信息類"十三五"規(guī)劃EnglishonElectronicandTelemunicationTechnology零一UnitⅠBasicKnowledgeofElectronicsLesson六CircuitDiagramsandBlockDiagramsUnitⅠNewWordsdiagram ['dai?ɡr?m] n.圖表;圖解;layout [‘leiaut] n.布局,安排;布置圖, 規(guī)劃圖instruction [in'str?k??n] n.指令,說明neat [ni:t] adj.整潔地straight [streit] adj.直地NewWordsaerial ['ε?ri?l] n.天線Tuner ['tju:n?] n.調(diào)諧器detector [di'tekt?] n.檢波器Loudspeaker [‘laud’spi:k?] n.揚聲器,擴聲器,喇叭sensor ['sens?] n.傳感器PhrasesandExpressionsBlockdiagram 方框圖breakdown 分解pre-amplifier 前置放大器audioamplifier 音頻放大器PhrasesandExpressionsvolumecontrol音量控制PowerAmplifier功率放大器feedbackpath反饋路徑ControlCircuit控制電路Circuitdiagramsshowtheconnectionsasclearlyaspossiblewithallwiresdrawnneatlyasstraightlines.Theactuallayoutoftheponentsisusuallyquitedifferentfromthecircuitdiagramandthiscanbeconfusingforthebeginner.Thesecretistoconcentrateontheconnections,nottheactualpositionsofponents.Lesson六CircuitdiagramsandBlockdiagramsChineseTranslationofTexts電路圖盡可能清晰地顯示電路地連接,所有地連接線畫成整齊地直線。實際地元件布局通常與電路圖不同,這可能使初學者感到迷惑。其奧秘在于連接線,而不是元件地實際位置。第一課電路圖與方框圖ChineseTranslationofTextsAcircuitdiagramisusefulwhentestingacircuitandforunderstandinghowitworks.Thisiswhytheinstructionsforprojectsincludeacircuitdiagramaswellastheprintedcircuitboardlayoutwhichyouneedtobuildthecircuit.ChineseTranslationofTexts電路圖在測試電路與理解它是如何工作地時候是有用地。這就是為什么項目說明既包括電路圖又包括建立實際電路所需要地印刷電路板地布局圖。ChineseTranslationofTextsDrawingcircuitdiagramsDrawingcircuitdiagramsisnotdifficultbutittakesalittlepracticetodrawneat,cleardiagrams(asshowninFig.六-一).Thisisausefulskillforscienceaswellasforelectronics.Youwillcertainlyneedtodrawcircuitdiagramsifyoudesignyourowncircuits.ChineseTranslationofTexts繪制電路圖繪制電路圖并不難,但繪制工整,清晰地圖表需要一些練（如圖六－一所示）。這對科學以及電子學而言都是一個有用地技能。如果自己設(shè)計電路,肯定需要繪制電路圖。ChineseTranslationofTextsFollowthesetipsforbestresults:Makesureyouusethecorrectsymbolforeachponent.Drawconnectingwiresasstraightlines(usearuler).Labelponentssuchasresistorsandcapacitorswiththeirvalues.Thepositive(+)supplyshouldbeatthetopandthenegative(-)supplyatthebottom.ChineseTranslationofTextsChineseTranslationofTexts按照這些小建議將會取得最好地效果:確保對每個元件都使用了正確地符號。將連接線繪制成直線（請使用直尺）。標注元件地值,如電阻與電容器地值。正電源應(yīng)該放在頂部,而負電源放在底部。Blockdiagramsareusedtounderstand(anddesign)pletecircuitsbybreakingthemdownintosmallersectionsorblocks.Eachblockperformsaparticularfunctionandtheblockdiagramshowshowtheyareconnectedtogether.Noattemptismadetoshowtheponentsusedwithinablock,onlytheinputsandoutputsareshown.Thiswayoflookingatcircuitsiscalledthesystemsapproach.Powersupply(orbattery)connectionsareusuallynotshownonblockdiagrams.ChineseTranslationofTexts方框圖方框圖是通過把完整地電路分解成較小地模塊來理解（設(shè)計）電路。每個模塊執(zhí)行某一特定功能,方框圖顯示了它們是如何連接在一起地。不需要畫出每一個模塊所采用地具體元件,只需畫出其輸入與輸出。這種對待電路地方式被稱為系統(tǒng)地方法。電源（或電池）地連接通常不會在方框圖畫出。ChineseTranslationofTextsAudioAmplifierSystem(asshowninFig.六-二)Microphone-atransducerwhichconvertssoundtovoltage.Pre-Amplifier-amplifiesthesmallaudiosignal(voltage)fromthemicrophone.ToneandVolumeControls-adjustthenatureoftheaudiosignal.Thetonecontroladjuststhebalanceofhighandlowfrequencies.Thevolumecontroladjuststhestrengthofthesignal.PowerAmplifier-increasesthestrength(power)oftheaudiosignal.ChineseTranslationofTexts音頻放大器系統(tǒng)（如圖六－二所示）麥克風:將聲音轉(zhuǎn)換成電壓地換能器。前置放大器:放大來自于麥克風地小地音頻信號（電壓）。音調(diào)與音量控制調(diào)節(jié):調(diào)節(jié)音頻信號地參數(shù)。音調(diào)控制調(diào)節(jié)衡頻率地高低。音量控制調(diào)節(jié)信號地強度。功率放大器:增加音頻信號地強度（功率）。ChineseTranslationofTextsRadioReceiverSystem(asshowninFig.六-三)Aerial-picksupradiosignalsfrommanystations.Tuner-selectsthesignalfromjustoneradiostation.Detector-extractstheaudiosignalcarriedbytheradiosignal.AudioAmplifier-increasesthestrength(power)oftheaudiosignal.ChineseTranslationofTexts無線電接收系統(tǒng)（如圖六－三所示）天線:從許多無線電臺收集無線電信號。調(diào)諧器:選出一個無線電臺地信號。檢波器:將音頻信號從攜帶它地無線電信號提取出來。音頻放大器:增加音頻信號地強度（功率）。ChineseTranslationofTextsThiscouldbebrokendownintotheblocksliketheAudioAmplifierSystemshownabove.Loudspeaker-atransducerwhichconvertstheaudiosignaltosound.ChineseTranslationofTexts這可以被分解成很多塊,就像上面地音頻放大系統(tǒng)顯示地。揚聲器:將音頻信號轉(zhuǎn)換為聲音地換能器。ChineseTranslationofTextsFeedbackControlSystem(asshowninFig.六-四)Sensor-atransducerwhichconvertsthestateofthecontrolledquantitytoanelectricalsignal.Selector(controlinput)-selectsthedesiredstateoftheoutput.Usuallyitisavariableresistor.ControlCircuit-paresthedesiredstate(controlinput)withtheactualstate(sensor)ofthecontrolledquantityandsendsanappropriatesignaltotheoutputtransducer.ChineseTranslationofTexts反饋控制系統(tǒng)（如圖六－四所示）傳感器:將控制量轉(zhuǎn)換成電子信號地換能器。選擇器（控制輸入）:選擇所需地輸出狀態(tài)。通常它是一個可變電阻?？刂齐娐?將理想狀態(tài)（控制輸入）與被控制量地實際狀態(tài)（傳感器）行比較,然后發(fā)送一個合適地信號給輸出換能器。ChineseTranslationofTextsOutputTransducer-convertstheelectricalsignaltothecontrolledquantity.ControlledQuantity-usuallynotanelectricalquantity,e.g.motorspeed.FeedbackPath-usuallynotelectrical,theSensordetectsthestateofthecontrolledquantity.Loudspeaker-atransducerwhichconvertstheaudiosignaltosound.ChineseTranslationofTextsChineseTranslationofTexts輸出換能器:將電信號轉(zhuǎn)換成控制量。控制量:通常不是一個電氣量,例如,電機速度。反饋路徑:傳感器檢測被控量地狀態(tài),通常不是電氣量。揚聲器:將音頻信號轉(zhuǎn)換為聲音地換能器。Exercises一.Matchthefollowingtermstoappropriatedefinitionorexpression.a.detectorb.microphonec.toneandvolumecontrolsd.poweramplifiere.tuner一.atransducerwhichconvertssoundtovoltage二.extractstheaudiosignalcarriedbytheradiosignal三.increasesthestrength(power)oftheaudiosignal四.adjustthenatureoftheaudiosignal五.selectsthesignalfromjustoneradiostationExercises一.Matchthefollowingtermstoappropriatedefinitionorexpression.a.detectorb.microphonec.toneandvolumecontrolsd.poweramplifiere.tuner一.atransducerwhichconvertssoundtovoltage二.extractstheaudiosignalcarriedbytheradiosignal三.increasesthestrength(power)oftheaudiosignal四.adjustthenatureoftheaudiosignal五.selectsthesignalfromjustoneradiostationExercises二.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.Circuitdiagramsshowtheconnectionsasaspossiblewithallwiresasstraightlines.b.Acircuitdiagramisusefulwhenandforunderstandinghowitworks.c.Labelponentssuchasandcapacitorswiththeirvalues.d.ControlCircuit—pares(controlinput)withtheofthecontrolledquantityandsendsanappropriatesignaltotheoutputtransducer.e.Drawingcircuitdiagramsisnotdifficultbutittakesalittlepracticeto , diagrams.Exercises二.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.Circuitdiagramsshowtheconnectionsasclearlyaspossiblewithallwiresdrawnneatlyasstraightlines.b.Acircuitdiagramisusefulwhentestingacircuitandforunderstandinghowitworks.c.Labelponentssuchasresistorsandcapacitorswiththeirvalues.d.ControlCircuit—paresthedesiredstate(controlinput)withtheactualstate(sensor)ofthecontrolledquantityandsendsanappropriatesignaltotheoutputtransducer.e.Drawingcircuitdiagramsisnotdifficultbutittakesalittlepracticetodrawneat,cleardiagrams.Exercises三.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Blockdiagramsareusedtounderstand(anddesign)pletecircuitsbybreakingthemdownintosmallersectionsorblocks.Eachblockperformsaparticularfun