第05講新課學(xué)習(xí)必修第二冊(cè)Unit4（課文學(xué)習(xí)&知識(shí)講解）目錄新課學(xué)習(xí)：學(xué)習(xí)新課文重點(diǎn)解析：考點(diǎn)快速記憶小試牛刀：詞句精練+能力提升&真題演練課文學(xué)習(xí)WHAT’SINANAME?TheUnitedKingdom，GreatBritain，Britain，England—manypeopleareconfusedby①whatthesedifferentnamesmean【1】．Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem，ifany②？Gettingtoknowalittlebit③aboutBritishhistory【2】willhelpyousolvethispuzzle④.【1】?！?】。Inthe16thcentury，thenearby⑤countryofWales⑥wasjoinedto⑦theKingdomofEngland.Later，inthe18thcentury，thecountryScotland⑧wasjoinedtocreatetheKingdomofGreatBritain.Inthe19thcentury，theKingdomofIrelandwasadded⑨t(yī)ocreatetheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland.Finally，inthe20thcentury，thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfrom⑩theUK，whichresultedin?thefullnamewehavetoday【3】：theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland?.Mostpeoplejustusetheshortened?name：“theUnitedKingdom”or“theUK”．PeoplefromtheUKarecalled“British”，whichmeanstheUKisalsooftenreferredtoas?BritainorGreatBritain【4】．【3】?！?】。Thefourcountriesthatbelongto?theUnitedKingdom【5】worktogetherinsomeareas?.Theyusethesameflag，knownastheUnionJack【6】，aswellas?sharethesamecurrency?andmilitary?defence?.However，theyalsohavesomedifferences.Forexampleeq\o(○,\s\up7(21))，England，Wales，Scotland，andNorthernIrelandallhavedifferenteducationsystemsandlegaleq\o(○,\s\up7(22))systems.Theyalsohavetheirowntraditions，liketheirownnationaldaysandnationaldishes.AndtheyevenhavetheirownfootballteamsforpetitionsliketheWorldCup!【5】?！?】。TheUnitedKingdomhasalongandinterestinghistorytoexplore【7】，whichcanhelpyouunderstandmuchmoreaboutthecountryanditstraditions【8】．AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK【9】，youwillbesurroundedeq\o(○,\s\up7(23))byevidenceeq\o(○,\s\up7(24))offourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookovereq\o(○,\s\up7(25))atdifferenttimesthroughouteq\o(○,\s\up7(26))history【10】．Thefirstgroup，theRomanseq\o(○,\s\up7(27))，cameinthefirstcentury.Someoftheirgreatachievementseq\o(○,\s\up7(28))includedeq\o(○,\s\up7(29))buildingtownsandroads.Next，theAnglo－Saxonseq\o(○,\s\up7(30))arrivedinthefifthcentury.TheyintroducedthebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage，andchangedthewaypeoplebuilthouses【11】．TheVikingseq\o(○,\s\up7(31))cameintheeighthcentury，leftbehindeq\o(○,\s\up7(32))lotsofnewvocabulary，andalsothenamesofmanylocationseq\o(○,\s\up7(33))acrosstheUK.ThelastgroupweretheNormanseq\o(○,\s\up7(34)).Theyconqueredeq\o(○,\s\up7(35))Englandafterthewell－knownBattleofHastingseq\o(○,\s\up7(36))inthe11thcentury.TheyhadcastlesbuiltallaroundEngland【12】，andmadechangestothelegalsystem.TheNormanswereFrench，somanyFrenchwordsslowlyenteredintoeq\o(○,\s\up7(37))theEnglishlanguage.【7】?！?】?！?】。【10】。【11】?！?2】。ThereissomuchmoretolearnabouttheinterestinghistoryandcultureoftheUnitedKingdom.Studyingthehistoryofthecountrywillmakeyourvisitmuchmoreenjoyable【13】．ThecapitalcityLondonisagreatplacetostart，asitisanancientporteq\o(○,\s\up7(38))citythathasahistorydatingallthewayeq\o(○,\s\up7(39))backtoeq\o(○,\s\up7(40))Romantimes【14】．Therearecountlesshistoricsitestoexplore，andlotsofmuseumswithancientrelicsfromallovertheUKeq\o(○,\s\up7(41)).TheUKisafascinatingeq\o(○,\s\up7(42))mixofhistoryandmodernculture，withbothnewandoldtraditions.Ifyoukeepyoureyesopeneq\o(○,\s\up7(43))，youwillbesurprisedtofindeq\o(○,\s\up7(44))thatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.【13】?！?4】。similaradj.相像的;相仿的;類(lèi)似的adv.相似地;同樣;也n.相像性;相似性;類(lèi)似性besimilarinsth在……方面相似besimilartosb/sth與……相似;跟……相仿confusevt.使糊涂;使困惑adj.迷惑的;困惑的;難懂的adj.令人困惑的;難以理解的n.困惑;混淆;不確定confuse...and/with...將……和……混淆 inconfusion困惑地puzzlen.謎;智力游戲;疑問(wèn)vt.迷惑;(使)困惑adj.迷惑的;困惑的puzzleabout/over...苦苦思索;仔細(xì)琢磨bepuzzledabout對(duì)……迷惑不解breakaway(fromsb/sth)脫離;背叛;逃脫breakinbreakintobreakoutbreakupbreakdownbreakthroughresultinsth/doingsth造成;導(dǎo)致resultfromsthasaresultasaresultofsth/doingsthdefence.n.[U]防御，保衛(wèi)[C]辯解；辯護(hù)indefenceof...為了保護(hù)……；為……辯解/辯護(hù)etosb’sdefence為某人辯護(hù)v.防御，保衛(wèi)；（為……）辯護(hù)vt.辯解adj.防御的，保護(hù)的，保衛(wèi)的；戒備的defendagainst防御defendoneself自衛(wèi)；自我辯護(hù)；defendsb.against/from...保護(hù)某人免受……；針對(duì)……為某人辯護(hù)surroundvt.圍繞;包圍 n.[pl.]環(huán)境surroundsb/sthwithsb/sth……包圍……besurroundedby...被……包圍achievementn.[C]成就，成績(jī)，功績(jī)[U]達(dá)到，完成；vt.asenseofachievement一種成就感makeanachievement/achievements取得成就leavesb/sthbehind留下;忘了帶;把……拋在后面leavesthasideleave(sth)offleavesthoutleavefor...locationn.地方;位置;地點(diǎn)vi.找出……的準(zhǔn)確地點(diǎn);確定……的準(zhǔn)確地點(diǎn)adj.位于;坐落在 belocatedat/in/on...位于……chargen.收費(fèi)用;指控;主管vt.收費(fèi);控告;充電incharge(of)負(fù)責(zé);主管 inthechargeofsb由某人負(fù)責(zé)takechargeof freeofcharge免費(fèi)charge...for...索價(jià);要價(jià) chargesbwith(doing)sth指控某人(做)某事approachto接近;近似,約等于;(做某事)的方法(途徑)attheapproachof...在……接近的時(shí)候makeapproachestosb設(shè)法接近某人theapproachto(doing)sth……的方法eageradj.熱切的;渴望的adv.急切地;渴望地n.渴望，熱心，熱切beeagerforsth渴望得到某物beeagertodo渴望做某事詞句精練一．單詞變形練習(xí)1.Menandwomen,youngandold,werefightingagainstthefloodin_(defend)oftheirownhomes.

2.(surround)byrowsoftrees,ourlibrarystandsoutfromalltheotherbuildings.

3.Inordertoprovethatheisinnocent,somenew(evident)isneeded.

4.ThewomanscientistwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsforthosegreat(achieve)madebyher.

5.(locate)wheretheBeltmeetstheRoad,JiangsuwillcontributemoretotheBeltandRoadconstruction.

6.Inthatcountry,childrenundersixteenarenot(legal)allowedtobuycigarettes.

7.ThroughthewindowIcaughtthe__________(sensory)offlowersmixedwiththesmellofgrass.8.Thecityis________(dot)withsmalllakes,naturalandartificial.9.We'vecollected$50,000forthepoor,thankstothe____________(generous)ofthepublic.10.It__________(announce)thattheywillbemarriednextmonth.11.Beforeuse,yournewsmartphonemustbefully________(charge).12.Atthemeetingtheydiscussedthreedifferent(approach)tothestudyofmathematics.13.Agreatnumberofimmediatemeasureshavebeentaken(ensure)people’slivesandsafety.14.Shewasfacedwithanewjob,inunfamiliar___________(surround)withstrangepeople.

15.Ihaveneverexpectedthatmyhometownhassucha_________(fascinate)look,seenfromthesky.

16.Shelooked________(puzzle)soIrepeatedthequestion.

17.Thebike(belong)toMikewasstolenlastnight.18.“CanIhaveatry?”thegirlasked___(eager).二．短語(yǔ)填空1.Withmorewater____________(添加)theliquid,morechangesoccurred.2.Thefashionofstarsusually_____________________________________(對(duì)…有影響)youngpeople.3.HongKongandMacao________________(被連接起來(lái))ZhuhaibytheHongKongZhuhaiMacaoBridge.4.Usually,anegg,aswellasasliceofbreadandaglassofmilk_____________(構(gòu)成)herbreakfast.5.Myfatheralwaystellsmenevertotouchthings______________(屬于)otherswithoutpermission.6.Youmayfindthetopofthemountain__________________(被…包圍)whiteclouds.7.Youmust____________________________(留心，留意)ifyouaregoingtomakeyourtriptotheUnitedKingdomworthwhile!8.He_______________________(脫離)ourpanylastyear.SincethenIhaveseenhimnomore.9.He____________(接管)hisfather'sfactoryafterhegraduated.10.He__________________________(被稱(chēng)為)theprotectorofthekidsinthemunityinthepast.能力提升一．語(yǔ)法填空Withherfirstaidcourse1.__________(plete),Marthaheadedforherhome.Suddenly,sheheardacrashandsawamotorcyclist2.__________(throw)intotheair.Shecouldalsofindapedestrian(行人)3.___________(knock)down.Asother4.________(shock)passersbystoodwheretheywere,Marthaimmediatelysteppedforwardandhelped.Themotorcyclistgothisheadandarmsbadly5._______(hurt)andhewasmakingnoises.Sosheshoutedathim,“Canyoubreathe?”Whilehewasgivenemergencytreatment,the6.__________(confuse)motorcyclistactuallytriedtowalkawaybutMarthastoppedhim.Oncethemotorcyclistwasfortable,Marthawentover7.__________(check)ontheinjuredpedestrianandhadherblouse8._________(press)onhisbleedingarm.Beforelong,officialmedicalhelparrived.Lookingback9.________theincident,Marthasaid,“LittledidIknowI’dputwhatIlearntinclassintopracticeonmywayhome.Itjustshowsthateventhemostbasictrainingcanmake10._____difference.”二．真題演練2023年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試(全國(guó)乙卷)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Beijingisacitybridgingtheancientandthemodern.FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums,narrowhutong____41____royalpalaces,itishometomorethan3,000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout,withthecitykeepingitscarefully____42____(build)systemofringroads.Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace____43____welesthefastpaceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21stcenturyarchitectural____44____(wonder)standingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.Itisadistinctvisualcontrast(反差)thatshouldn’twork,____45____somehowthesetwoverydifferentworldsmakeagoodbination.____46____(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years,I____47____(amaze)bythecoexistenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing.Asaphotographer,Ihavespentthelasttwoyears___48___(record)everythingIdiscovered.The____49____(remark)developmentofthiscity,whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,_____50_____(mean)thereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere,andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.2023年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試(全國(guó)乙卷)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Indoorplantsmightlookasiftheyjustsitaroundnotdoingmuch,butinmanywaystheyaretheunsungheroesofthehome.____16____,butstudieshaveshownthattheycanpromotepeople’swellbeingbyimprovingtheirmood(心情),reducingstressandhelpingtheirmemory.What’smore,indoorplantsareeasytolookafterandarenotveryexpensive.Whatareindoorplants?Indoorplants,alsoknownashouseplantsorpotplants,areplantsthatliketogrowindoors.Manyofthesespecies(物種)arenotideallysuitedtogrowingoutsideintheUK,especiallyinthewinter.____17____.Whyareindoorplantsgoodfo