目錄

2013年首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)912英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)綜合考研真題及詳解

2014年首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)912英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)綜合考研真題及詳解

2015年首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)912英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)綜合考研真題及詳解

2013年首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)912英語(yǔ)

語(yǔ)言文學(xué)綜合考研真題及詳解

Ⅰ.ExplainthefollowingtermsinEnglish(15)

1.acronyms

【答案】Acronymismadeupfromthefirstlettersofthenameofan

organization,whichhasaheavilymodifiedheadword,e.g.NATO,UNESCO.

Acronymsareatypeofwordformationprocess,andtheyareviewedasa

subtypeofblending.Acronymsareusedmostoftentoabbreviatenamesof

organizationsandlongorfrequentlyreferencedterms.Thearmedforcesand

governmentagenciesfrequentlyemployacronyms.Businessandindustry

alsoareprolificcoinersofacronyms.Therapidadvanceofscienceand

technologyinrecentcenturiesseemstobeanunderlyingforcedrivingthe

usage,asnewinventionsandconceptswithmultiwordnamescreatea

demandforshorter,moremanageablenames.Besides,Acronymusehasbeen

furtherpopularizedbytextmessagingonmobilephoneswithShortMessage

Systems.

2.componentialanalysis

【答案】Componentialanalysis,alsocalledfeatureanalysisorcontrast

analysis,istheanalysisofwordsthroughstructuredsetsofsemanticfeatures,

whicharegivenas“present”,“absent”or“indifferentwithreferenceto

feature”.Themethodthusdepartsfromtheprincipleofcompositionality.

Componentialanalysisisamethodtypicalofstructuralsemanticswhich

analyzesthecomponentsofaword’smeaning.Thus,itrevealstheculturally

importantfeaturesbywhichspeakersofthelanguagedistinguishdifferent

wordsinasemanticfieldordomain.Thisisahighlyvaluableapproachto

learninganotherlanguageandunderstandingaspecificsemanticdomainof

Ethnography.

3.overgeneralization

【答案】Overgeneralization,alsocalledhastygeneralization,isan

informalfallacyoffaultygeneralizationbyreachinganinductive

generalizationbasedoninsufficientevidence—essentiallymakingarushed

conclusionwithoutconsideringallofthevariables.Inlinguistics,

overgeneralizationistheapplicationofagrammaticalruleincaseswhereit

doesn’tapply.Thetermovergeneralizationismostoftenusedinconnection

withlanguageacquisitionbychildren.Forexample,ayoungchildmaysay

“foots”insteadof“feet,”overgeneralizingthemorphologicalruleformaking

pluralnouns.Overgeneralizationisdefinedastheuseofpreviouslyavailable

strategiesinnewsituations.Insecondlanguagelearningsomeofthese

strategiesprovehelpfulinorganizingthefactsaboutthesecondlanguage.

Ⅱ.Whatarecross-associationsinthesecondlanguageacquisition?

IllustratetheideawithexamplesfromEnglishorChinese.(10)

【答案】Insecondlanguageacquisition,thefirstlanguagestudyhas

servedasabackclothforperceivingandunderstandingnewfactsabout

secondlanguagelearning.However,justasthetermitselfsuggests,second

languageacquisitionisdifferentfromfirstlanguageacquisitionandthe

secondlanguagelearnersgenerallyfailtoattainnative—likecompetence.

Thelanguagetheyproduce,whichiscalledinterlanguage(IL)orlearner

language,tendstobecomefossilizedatcertainlevel.Besides,duringthe

processofsecondlanguageacquisition,learnersalwaysmakesomeerrors

anderrorsaresignificantintellingtheteacherwhatneedstobetaught，in

tellingtheresearcherhowlearningproceedsandthoseerrorsareameans

wherebylearnerstesttheirhypothesesaboutthelanguagetobelearnt.There

aretwokindsoferrors:interlingualerrorswhichmainlyresultfromcross.

1inguisticinterferenceatdifferentlevelssuchasphonological，lexical，

grammaticalordiscoursaletc.andintralingualerrorswhichmainlyresult

fromfaultyorpartialleaningofthetargetlanguage,independentofthenative

language.Therearelearningstrategies-basederrors,communication

strategies-basederrors，inducederrors，andsomecompoundand

ambiguouserrors.Cross-associationisakindofintralingualerror.For

example,inEnglishwesometimesmaycomeacrosswordswhicharesimilar

inmeaning.Theirspellingandpronunciationarealsoalike.Theclose

associationofthetwooftenleadstoconfusion,suchastheconfusionof

other/another,much/many,stalagmite/stalactiteinlearningEnglishwords.It

mayalsooccuratalllevelsoflanguagefromphonologicaltosyntactic.For

example:Thecoffeeistoohottodrink.*Theapricotistoosourtoeatit.

【答題思路】首先分析二語(yǔ)習(xí)得的特點(diǎn)以及與母語(yǔ)習(xí)得的差異，然

后解釋互相聯(lián)想的含義，并結(jié)合英語(yǔ)中的具體例子進(jìn)行闡釋。

Ⅲ.Doyouagreeupontheideathatwomen’slinguisticbehavioris

moreindirectand,hence,morepolitethanmen’s?Pleaseillustrateyourview

withexamples.(15)

【答案】

(1)Languageandgenderisaninterdisciplinaryfieldofresearchthat

studiesvarietiesofspeechintermsofgender,genderrelations,gendered

practices,andsexualityandthestudiesoflanguageandgenderhasbeenmore

andmoreanimportantpartofsociolinguisticsinrecentdecadesbecauseof

thewidelyextendedfeministmovementaroundtheworld.Itisassumedthat

menandwomenuselanguagedifferentlyfromeachotherandithasmuchto

dowiththesocialidentityandsomeotherculturalfactors.Therearesome

specificdifferencesbetweenthelanguageuseofmenandwomen.

(2)Thelanguageofwomenismorestandardthanthatofman.Intheuse

ofintonations:thefemalespeakerstendtohaveawiderrangeintheir

intonation.Andfemalespeakersareheardtousethelow-riseintonationwith

statementsmuchmorefrequentlythanmalespeakers.Intheuseofcertain

lexicalitems,theword“girl”iscommonlyusedbyfemalestofemalesasan

addressfor,menwouldmainlyuseladies.Besides,someadjectivesof

evaluationareusedmorefrequentlybyfemalesthanbymales,suchas

“nice”,“l(fā)ovely”,“cute”,“fantastic”andalsosomeintensifiers，suchas

“awfully”.Insummary,femalespeechislessassertiveandthussoundstobe

morepolitethanmalespeech.Femalespeakerstendtousemoreoftenthe

questiontag,suchsyntacticformsas“I’mafraid…”and“I’mnotsurebut...”.

(3)Thereasonforthesedifferencesinlanguageusebetweenmaleand

femalecanbeexplainedfromthesocialrolemenandwomenareentitledand

sometimestheculturaltraditioninspecificcountries.Weactoutgenderroles

fromacontinuumofmasculineandfemininecharacteristics;wearetherefore

genderedandweareinvolvedintheprocessofourowngenderingandthe

genderingofothersthroughoutourlives.Inmanywayswearerehearsedinto

ourgenderroles,likebeingpreparedforapartinaplay:genderissomething

wedo,notsomethingweare.Ontheotherhand,insomeculture,womenare

notallowedtospeakinfrontofotherswhenherhusbandisspeaking,which

isakindofculturalconstraintonwomeninlanguageuse.

【答題思路】首先解釋語(yǔ)言和性別的關(guān)系，然后結(jié)合不同性別使用

語(yǔ)言的差異并來(lái)分析造成這種差異的原因。

Ⅳ.CiteexamplesfromEnglishandChinesetoshowhowtheCPis

violatedinactualconversations,withreferencetotheconceptof

‘conversationalimplicature’.(20)

【答案】

(1)Quiteoftenaspeakercanmeanmuchmorethanwhatissaidandthe

hearercanunderstandthespeaker’smeaning.Gricebelievesthattheremust

besomemechanismsgoverningtheproductionandcomprehensionofthese

utterances.Hearguesthatthereisasetofassumptionsguidingtheconductof

conversation.ThisiswhathecallstheCooperativePrinciple.Therearefour

maximsunderthisgeneralprinciple:themaximofquantity,quality,relation

andmanner.

(2)Theuseofterms“principle”and“maxim”doesnotmeanthat

everybodywillfollowtheCPanditsmaximsallthetime.Peopledoviolate

themaximsandtellliesandtheviolationsofsuchmaximshavegivenriseto

theConversationalImplicature,whichreferstowhatthespeakertrulywants

toimplythroughhisspeech.Therearemainlythreetypesofthe

conversationalimplicature.First,thespeakerdeliberatelyfloutsa

conversationalmaximtoconveyanadditionalmeaningnotexpressed

literally.Forinstance,aspeakerrespondstothequestion“Howdidyoulike

theguestlecturer?”withthefollowingutterance:Well,I’msurehewas

speakingEnglish.Ifthespeakerisassumedtobefollowingthecooperative

principle,inspiteoffloutingthemaximofrelevance,thentheutterancemust

haveanadditionalnon-literalmeaning,suchas:“Thecontentofthelecturer’s

speechwasconfusing.”Second,thespeakerdesirestofulfilltwoconflicting

maximsresultinginhisorherfloutingonemaximtoinvoketheother.For

instance,aspeakerrespondstothequestion“WhereisJohn?”withthe

followingutterance:He’seitherinthecafeteriaorinhisoffice.Inthiscase,

themaximofquantityandthemaximofqualityareinconflict.Acooperative

speakerdoesnotwanttobeambiguousbutalsodoesnotwanttogivefalse

informationbygivingaspecificanswerinspiteofhisuncertainty.By

floutingthemaximofquantity,thespeakerinvokesthemaximofquality,

leadingtotheimplicaturethatthespeakerdoesnothavetheevidencetogive

aspecificlocationwherehebelievesJohnis.Third,thespeakerinvokesa

maximasabasisforinterpretingtheutterance.Inthefollowingexchange:

DoyouknowwhereIcangetsomegas?There’sagasstationaroundthe

corner.Thesecondspeakerinvokesthemaximofrelevance,resultinginthe

implicaturethat“thegasstationisopenandonecanprobablygetgasthere”.

(3)InChinese,therearealsosomeexamplesofblatantlyviolatingthe

CPinordertoexpresstheconversationalimplicature.Forexampleinthe

followingdialogue:“—?jiǎng)倓偰闳ツ膬毫?—就出去了一趟。”Itis

obviouslythatthesecondspeakerviolatesthemaximofquantityanddoesn’t

answerthequestionbyprovidingenoughinformation,whichmaybe

explainedbyhisunwillingnesstotellthefirstspeakerwhereheorshehas

been.ThusbyapparentlyviolatingtheCP,thespeakerintendtotell

somethingmorethanheorshereallyspeakstothehearerandheorshe

assumesthatthehearercanworkouttheconversationalimplicature.

【答題思路】首先介紹合作原則和會(huì)話含義的內(nèi)容，然后結(jié)合英漢

交際中的具體的例子來(lái)分析人們違背合作原則所產(chǎn)生的會(huì)話含義及其原

因。

英美文學(xué)部分

Ⅰ.Matchthewriter’snameinthenamecolumnwiththeworkinthe

rightcolumn.(15)

【答案】1-5:HJKGF;6-10:CBAED;11-15:NIMLO

Ⅱ.MultipleChoice:selectfromchoicesA,B,C,Dofeachitemthe

onethatbestanswersthequestionorcompletesthestatementandwritethe

letterontheanswersheet.(15)

1.Romanticismisamovementthatmarkedapartialreactionin

literature,philosophy,art,religion,andpo1iticsfromthe_____ofthe

precedingperiod.

A.Realism

B.Modernism

C.Colonialism

D.Neoclassicism

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查浪漫主義的背景。18世紀(jì)末至19世紀(jì)30年代的歐

洲，革命和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)頻仍，動(dòng)亂不已。政治中的黑暗，社會(huì)的不平等，使人

們感到法國(guó)大革命后確立的資本主義制度遠(yuǎn)不如啟蒙思想家描繪的那樣

美好。社會(huì)各階層，特別是知識(shí)分子，對(duì)啟蒙思想家設(shè)想的“理性王

國(guó)”深感失望，努力尋找新的精神寄托。這種社會(huì)情緒反映在文學(xué)創(chuàng)作

領(lǐng)域，就產(chǎn)生了浪漫主義文學(xué)。所以浪漫主義是對(duì)之前古典主義的反

抗。

2.BeingaperiodofthegreatfloweringofAmericanliterature,

Romanticismisalsocalled“_____”.

A.TheEnlightenmentMovement

B.theAmericanRenaissance

C.TheRestorationofRomance

D.theIntellectualMovement

【答案】B

【解析】本題考查美國(guó)浪漫主義。美國(guó)浪漫主義是美國(guó)文學(xué)繁榮發(fā)

展的上升期，因此又被稱為美國(guó)文學(xué)的“文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期”。

3.Inthefollowingauthors,_____workreflectedtheshiftinAmerican

literaturefromtherationalismofthe18thcenturytothesentimental

romanticismofthe19thcentury.

A.WashingtonIrving’s

B.MarkTwain’s

C.O.Henry’s

D.WilliamFaulkner’s

【答案】A

【解析】本題考查美國(guó)感傷浪漫主義的代表作家。歐文的作品標(biāo)志

著美國(guó)文學(xué)進(jìn)入感傷浪漫主義時(shí)期。

4.Inthefollowingstatements,_____isNOTthefeatureof

Transcendentalism?

A.emphasizedthepowerofknowledge

B.believedthatthepermanentrealitywasthespiritualone

C.tooknatureassymbolicofspiritofGod

D.placedspiritfirstandmattersecond

【答案】A

【解析】本題考查超驗(yàn)主義的特點(diǎn)。超驗(yàn)主義的核心觀點(diǎn)是主張人

能超越感覺(jué)和理性而直接認(rèn)識(shí)真理，強(qiáng)調(diào)直覺(jué)的重要性，而非知識(shí)的重

要性。超驗(yàn)主義的主要思想觀點(diǎn)有三。首先，超驗(yàn)主義者強(qiáng)調(diào)精神，或

超靈。其二，超驗(yàn)主義者強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人的重要性。其三，超驗(yàn)主義者以全新

的目光看待自然，認(rèn)為自然界是超靈或上帝的象征。

5.ThetwogreatestadvocatesoftheTranscendentalismmovement

were_____.

A.NathanielHawthorneandHermanMelville

B.WaltWhitmanandRobertFrost

C.RalphWaldoEmersonandHenryDavidThoreau

D.MarkTwainandO.Henry

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查超驗(yàn)主義的代表作家。艾默生和梭羅是美國(guó)超驗(yàn)

主義的代表作家，他們的主要作品有《自然》和《瓦爾登湖》都是超驗(yàn)

主義的體現(xiàn)。

6._____isNOTwrittenbyHenry,DavidThoreau.

A.TheMaineWoods

B.TheCatcherintheRye

C.CapeCod

D.CivilDisobedience

【答案】B

【解析】本題考查梭羅的作品。《緬因森林》《科德角》和《論公

民的不服從權(quán)利》都是索羅的作品?！尔溙锢锏氖赝摺肥侨指竦淖?/p>

品。

7.RealismasamovementinAmericanliteraturerangedfrom1865to

1914,andwasapartialreactiontomuchoftheearlier_____tradition.

A.oldandmedieval

B.neoclassical

C.modem

D.romanticandsentimental

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查美國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)的背景。美國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義時(shí)期的

美國(guó)文學(xué)是美國(guó)精神的表現(xiàn)，尤其是美國(guó)小說(shuō)?，F(xiàn)實(shí)主義是對(duì)浪漫主義

的一種反動(dòng)。正視現(xiàn)實(shí)，不尚空想?，F(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)又為現(xiàn)代主義文學(xué)鋪

平了道路。

8.Alongwithrealisticmovement,anotherimportantliterarytendency

thatbegantodevelopoutofitis_____.

A.theschoolofmodernism

B.theschoolofrenaissance

C.theschoolofnaturalism

D.theschoolofromanticism

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查自然主義文學(xué)的背景。自然主義文學(xué)伴隨著現(xiàn)實(shí)

主義產(chǎn)生，主要受達(dá)爾文的進(jìn)化論的影響。

9.“Theapparitionofthesefacesinthecrowd;Petalsonawet,black

bough.”thetwo-linepoemistitled_____.

A.“InaStationoftheMetro”

B.“FacesintheCrowd”

C.“ToPetals”

D.“TheGraveofLove”

【答案】A

【解析】本題考查龐德的經(jīng)典意象小詩(shī)《在一個(gè)地鐵車站》。

10.BlackfictionbegantoattractcriticalattentionandAfrican-

Americansstartedtoquestiontheiridentityasagroupandasanindividual

during_____.

A.theromanticperiod

B.therealisticperiod

C.therevolutionaryperiod

D.thepostwarperiod

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查美國(guó)黑人文學(xué)的產(chǎn)生背景。20世紀(jì)60年代對(duì)于美

國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)動(dòng)蕩的年代，是美國(guó)黑人政治覺(jué)醒的時(shí)代。黑人已經(jīng)意識(shí)到

他們和白人在任何方面都應(yīng)該是平等的,包括政治權(quán)利。60年代也是黑

人文學(xué)迅猛發(fā)展的時(shí)代。

11.“Ifwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind!”isanepigrammaticline

by_____.

A.Keats

B.Blake

C.Wordsworth

D.Shelley

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查雪萊的經(jīng)典詩(shī)句?！岸靵?lái)了春天還會(huì)遠(yuǎn)嗎”出自

雪萊的《西風(fēng)頌》。

12.TheearlypoemsofPoundandEliotandYeats’smaturedpoetry

markedtheriseof“_____”.

A.romanticpoetry

B.modempoetry

C.realisticpoetry

D.classicalpoetry

【答案】B

【解析】本題考查現(xiàn)代主義詩(shī)歌的興起。龐德，艾略特和濟(jì)慈的詩(shī)

歌預(yù)示著現(xiàn)代詩(shī)歌的逐漸興起。

13.ModernistwriterssuchasVirginiaWoolfconcentratedalltheir

effortsondiggingintothehuman_____.

A.mind

B.consciousness

C.sense

D.sensibility

【答案】B

【解析】本題考查現(xiàn)代主義文學(xué)的特征。弗吉尼亞?伍爾夫的作品屬

于現(xiàn)代意識(shí)流，更多的關(guān)注人的意識(shí)。

14.Ulyssesby_____givesanaccountofman’slifeduringonedayin

Dublin.

A.DorothyRichardson

B.GeorgeBernardShaw

C.JamesJoyce

D.T.S.Eliot

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查《尤利西斯》的作者。長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)《尤利西斯》是

愛(ài)爾蘭作家詹姆斯·喬伊斯的作品，通過(guò)描述一天內(nèi)發(fā)生的單一事件向

人們展示了一幅人類社會(huì)的縮影，通過(guò)對(duì)一個(gè)人一天日常生活和精神變

化的細(xì)致刻畫(huà)揭示了人類社會(huì)的悲與喜，英雄與懦夫的共存以及宏偉與

沉悶的同現(xiàn)，是意識(shí)流的代表作品。

15._____istheleadingfigureoftheEnglishromanticpoetry,thefocal

poeticvoiceoftheperiodinBritishliterature.

A.WilliamWordsworth

B.WilliamButlerYeats

C.JaneAusten

D.WaltWhitman

【答案】A

【解析】本題考查英國(guó)浪漫主義的先驅(qū)和代表人物。華茲華斯的詩(shī)

歌理論動(dòng)搖了英國(guó)古典主義詩(shī)學(xué)的統(tǒng)治，有力地推動(dòng)了英國(guó)詩(shī)歌的革新

和浪漫主義運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展。其和柯勒律治合作發(fā)表的《抒情歌謠集》宣告

了浪漫主義新詩(shī)的誕生。

Ⅲ.ReadthefollowingstatementsandwriteTfortrueandFforfalse.

(15)

1.EstellaisoneofthecharactersinThomasHardy’smasterpieceGreat

Expectations.

【答案】F

【解析】本題考查《遠(yuǎn)大前程》?！哆h(yuǎn)大前程》是狄更斯的作品，

艾絲黛拉是該作品中的一個(gè)角色。因此該表述有誤。

2.Modernismtakestheirrationalphilosophyandthetheoryofpsycho-

analysisasitstheoreticalbase.

【答案】T

【解析】本題考查現(xiàn)代主義的理論基礎(chǔ)。現(xiàn)代主義以非理性哲學(xué)和

精神分析原理作為理論基礎(chǔ)。因此該表述正確。

3.Bornofthesameculturalheritage,theAmericanwriterssharedsome

commonfeatureswiththeFrenchRomanticists.

【答案】F

【解析】本題考查美國(guó)浪漫主義文學(xué)的特征。美國(guó)浪漫主義作家與

英國(guó)浪漫主義作家繼承相同的文學(xué)傳統(tǒng)，在文學(xué)創(chuàng)作上具有相似之處。

因此該表述有誤。

4.TherealisticspiritseemedparticularlysuitedtoAmericandemocracy.

【答案】F

【解析】本題考查浪漫主義文學(xué)的相關(guān)知識(shí)。浪漫主義文學(xué)所倡導(dǎo)

的個(gè)人主義和對(duì)個(gè)人的關(guān)注是美國(guó)民主的主要體現(xiàn)。因此該表述有誤。

5.ThephaseofNewEnglandTranscendentalismisthesummitof

AmericanRomanticism.

【答案】T

【解析】本題考查美國(guó)超驗(yàn)主義文學(xué)。超驗(yàn)主義文學(xué)時(shí)期是美國(guó)浪

漫主義文學(xué)的頂峰時(shí)期，這一時(shí)期美國(guó)文學(xué)逐漸發(fā)展出自己的文學(xué)創(chuàng)作

理論和主張。因此該表述正確。

6.TothetranscendentalistssuchasHawthorneandMelville,manis

divineinnatureandthereforeforeverperfectible.

【答案】F

【解析】本題考查美國(guó)浪漫主義文學(xué)的代表作家?；羯：望湢柧S爾

屬于浪漫主義作家，而非超驗(yàn)主義文學(xué)作家。因此該表述有誤。

7.Whitmanwrotethepoem“O!Captain!MyCaptain!”inmemoryof

ThomasJefferson.

【答案】F

【解析】本題考查惠特曼的詩(shī)歌《啊，船長(zhǎng)！我的船長(zhǎng)！》。這書(shū)

詩(shī)歌旨在懷念美國(guó)總統(tǒng)林肯而非杰斐遜。因此該表述有誤。

8.“RipVanWinkle”and“TheLegendofSleepyHollow,”remains

EdgarAllanPoe’smostrecognizedandinfluentialcontributiontoAmerican

literature.

【答案】F

【解析】本題考查作品與作家對(duì)應(yīng)?！度鹌铡し病乜藸枴泛汀端葌?/p>

奇》是歐文的代表作。因此該表述有誤。

9.Americanrealistswerechieflyconcernedwiththecommonplacesof

middle-classlife.

【答案】F

【解析】本題考查美國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)。美國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)作家關(guān)注

的主要是中產(chǎn)階級(jí)和下層階級(jí)的日常生活。因此該表述有誤。

10.ForitsearlycolonialyearsAmericanliteraturereflectedthe

settlementandgrowthoftheAmericancolonieslargelythroughnovels.

【答案】F

【解析】本題考查美國(guó)早期文學(xué)的主要形式。美國(guó)早期文學(xué)的主要

形式有日記，游記，信件，日志隨筆，布道和歷史。因此該表述有誤。

11.Realisticwritersbuilttheirplotsandcharactersaroundpeople’s

ordinary,everydaylives.

【答案】T

【解析】本題考查美國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)的特征。美國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)的

情節(jié)和人物取自人們的日常生活。因此該表述正確。

12.ArthurMillercombinedrealisticcharactersandasocialagenda

whilewritingmodemcomedy,mostnotablyinTheDeathofaSalesman.

【答案】F

【解析】本題考查米勒的作品特征。米勒的作品是現(xiàn)代悲劇而非喜

劇。因此該表述有誤。

13.ThelaterpartoftheVictorianPeriodwitnessedtheriseofBritish

EmpireandthedecayofVictorianvalues.

【答案】F

【解析】本題考查維多利亞時(shí)期的社會(huì)背景。維多利亞時(shí)期晚期見(jiàn)

證了大英帝國(guó)的衰敗和維多利亞時(shí)期價(jià)值觀的衰落。因此該表述有誤。

14.Modernismis,inmanyaspects,areactionagainstrealism.

【答案】T

【解析】本題考查現(xiàn)代主義的背景?，F(xiàn)代主義是對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的一種

反抗和回應(yīng)。因此該表述正確。

15.ImaginationisdefinedbytheRomanticsasadynamic,activepower

thatcreatesallart.

【答案】T

【解析】本題考查浪漫主義文學(xué)中的想象。想象被浪漫主義文學(xué)作

家視為創(chuàng)造了所有藝術(shù)的動(dòng)態(tài)的活躍的力量。因此該表述正確。

Ⅵ.Answerthefollowingquestions.(15)

1.DiscussthethemeofEScottFitzgerald’sTheGreatGatsby.

【答案】TheGreatGatsby,F.ScottFitzgerald’sclassictwentieth-

centurystoryofJayGatsby’squestforDaisyBuchanan,examinesand

critiquesGatsby’sparticularvisionofthe1920’sAmericanDream.The

GreatGatsby,throughthestoryofGatsby,expressesthatthere’snosuch

thingastheAmericanDreamortheup-from-the-bootstrapsself-mademan.

Youarewhoyou’reborn,andattemptingtochangeyoursocialclassjust

leadstotragedy.It’saprettygrimpictureofAmericansocietyandlifeto

thosewholivedthroughWorldWarI.InTheGreatGatsby,theAmerican

Dreamissupposedtostandforindependenceandtheabilitytomake

somethingofone’sselfwithhardwork,butitendsupbeingmoreabout

materialismandselfishpursuitofpleasure.Noamountofhardworkcan

changewhereGatsbycamefrom,andoldmoneyknowsit.Meritandhard

workaren’tenough,andsotheAmericanDreamcollapses

【答題思路】本題考查《了不起的蓋茨比》這部小說(shuō)的主題。從小

說(shuō)主人公的悲劇命運(yùn)可以看出美國(guó)夢(mèng)的虛幻和破滅。

2.DiscussthefeatureofmodernisminBritishliterature.

【答案】The20thcenturyhadwitnessedthedeclineoftheBritish

Empire.Thesegreatpolitical,economicandmilitaryupheavalshada

powerfulimpactupontheculturallifeinBritain.ModernisminEnglish

literatureprevailedduringatthattime,whichwasamovementof

experimentsinnewtechniqueinwriting.Inthefieldofpoetry,thestyle

transformedfromtheoriginalRealismtoImagism.Theimagistpoetryisa

kindofverslibre(i.e.freeverse)shakingofftheconventionalmetersand

emphasizingontheuseofcommonspeech,newrhythmsandclearimages.

Whilemodernistpoetryaroseasabreakwith19th-centuryRomanticism,

modernistfictionrepresentedatrenddriftingawayfromthetraditionof19th-

ceturyRealism.Modernistfictionputsemphasisonthedescriptionofthe

characters’psychologicalactivities,andsohassometimesbeencalled

modernpsychologicalfiction.UndertheinfluenceofFreud’stheoryof

psychologicalanalysis,anotherschooladoptedthe“streamofconsciousness”

methodofnovelwriting.Thestrikingfeatureofthesenovelistsistheirgiving

precedencetothedepictionofthecharacters’mentalandemotionalreactions

toexternalevents,ratherthantheeventsthemselves.InEnglishliterature,

JamesJoyceandVirginiaWoolfarethetwobest-knownnovelistsofthe

“streamofconsciousness”school.

【答題思路】本題考查英國(guó)現(xiàn)代主義文學(xué)的特點(diǎn)，可以從詩(shī)歌，小

說(shuō)的創(chuàng)作主張來(lái)進(jìn)行分析。

3.Readthefollowingpoemandanswerthequestionsbelow.

Questions:

①Whowrotethepoem?

②Whatmightthewoods,littlehorseanddarksymbolize?

③What’sthethemeofthispoem?

【答案】

①ThispoemwaswrittenbyRobertFrost.

②(a)Asweallknowthatthewoodsareusuallylinkedwithmyth,the

unknownworld,andtheutmosttranquility.Thusinthispoem,thepoettakes

thewoodsastheeternallife,thebliss,thatistosay,theHeaven.Heisfedup

withtheroutinedutiesandwantstorestforever.Thewoodshappento

provideanidealplace.(b)Thesnowiscoldandtheeveningdark,allofwhich

indicatethatthepoetisdepressedinside.Hissubconsciouswantshimtostop,

buthis“l(fā)ittlehorse”withtheinspiringbells,whichisactuallyasymbolof

vitality,urgeshimtogo.(c)Theeveningisdarkandcoldwhichisa

demonstrationofthepoet’sinternalworld:heisdespairedandwhattogive

upeverythingandtosleepforever,thatis,todie.

③“StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening,”likemanyofFrost’s

poems,exploresthethemeoftheindividualcaughtbetweennatureand

civilization.Thespeaker’slocationontheborderbetweencivilizationand

wildernessechoesacommonthemethroughoutAmericanliterature.The

speakerisdrawntothebeautyandallureofthewoods,whichrepresent

nature,buthasobligations—“promisestokeep”—whichdrawhimaway

fromnatureandbacktosocietyandtheworldofmen.Thespeakeristhus

facedwithachoiceofwhethertogiveintotheallureofnature,orremainin

therealmofsociety.

英美文化部分

WriteaboutthesimilaritiesanddifferencesofChineseQixiandthe

WesternValentine’sDay.(30)

【答案】

(1)QixiistheChineseequivalentofValentine’sDaythatfallsonthe

seventhdayoftheseventhmonthofthelunaryearwhichhasbeenlastedfor

morethanthousandsofyearssincetheHanDynasty.Asisthecustom

elsewhereintheworld,thisisadaydevotedtoromance.InChina,thisdayis

alsoknownas“TheBeggingFestival”or“TheDaughter’sFestival.”Itisan

importantdayforgirls.Intheevening,girlspreparemelonsandfruitbefore

worshipandprayersforagoodmarriage.Therearemanystoriesastothe

originsofChineseValentine’sDay,andoneoftheminvolvestheEmperorof

Heavenandhissevendaughters.

(2)However,differentfromQixi,theoriginofWesternValentine’sDay

isnotsoclearandtherearemanydifferentversionsaboutitsorigin,among

whichthemostpopularoneisthataboutthelovestorybetweenthepriest

St.Valentineandhislove.AnotherdifferencebetweenQixiandValentine’s

Dayliesinthecelebration.Inthewest,manymenbuychocolateandroses

fortheirloveandtheyusuallyhavearomanticdinnerinanicerestaurant.

Evenmore,somepeoplemightproposetotheirloveonthisday,which

makesitmuchmorespecialforthem.Thebiggestdifferenceliesinthe

underlyingculturalbackgrounds.St.Valentine’ssacrificebroughttoalllovers

happinesssotheresultofthelegendoftheWesternValentine’sDayis

satisfactory.ButtheCowhandandWeavermaidweredividedonbothsides

oftheMilkyWay,andtheycouldmeetonceonJuly7th.Theresultisnot

satisfactory.Thiskindofdifferencegeneratesdifferentpsychological

identitiesofthesetwofestivalsonpeople.

(3)What’smore,inrecentyears,Qixihasbeengraduallyforgottenby

mostChinesebecauseoftheinfluenceoftheValentine’sDay.Youngpeople

areshowinglessinterestintraditionalcultureassymbolizedbythese

festivals.Soitisalsoimportantforpeopletoknowmoreaboutthecultural

elementsbehindthistraditionalfestivalinordertokeepitaliveand

prosperousalongwiththewesternfestivals.

【答題思路】分別介紹七夕和情人節(jié)，然后從二者的節(jié)日意義上分

析二者的相似之處，從起源，歷史，慶祝方式和文化意義等角度分析二

者差異。

2014年首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)912英語(yǔ)

語(yǔ)言文學(xué)綜合考研真題及詳解

語(yǔ)言部分

Ⅰ.PleaseexplainthefollowingtermsinEnglish(15)

1.competenceandperformance

【答案】Chomskymakesadistinctionbetweencompetenceand

performance.Hedescribescompetenceasanidealizedcapacitythatis

locatedasapsychologicalormentalpropertyorfunctionandperformanceas

theproductionofactualutterances.Inshort,competenceinvolves“knowing”

thelanguageandperformanceinvolves“doing”somethingwiththelanguage.

Therefore,therelationshipofcompetencetoperformanceforChomskyis

thatofparttowhole,withcompetencebeingapartorcomponentofthe

whole,whichisperformance.Competenceistheknowledgethatpersons

haveoftheirgrammarwhileperformanceinvolvesknowledgeforusing

competencesothattheprocessesofsentenceproductionandunderstanding

canberealized.

2.positionalrelation

【答案】Positionalrelationreferstothesequentialarrangementofwords

inalanguage.Itisthebasicsyntacticrelation,andalsotherequirementof

grammaticalacceptabilityandsemanticintelligibilityofhumanlanguage.It

isalsocalledthewordorderwhichreferstothestudyoftheorderofthe

syntacticconstituentsofalanguage,andhowdifferentlanguagescanemploy

differentorders.Somelanguageshaverelativelyrestrictivewordorders,

oftenrelyingontheorderofconstituentstoconveyimportantgrammatical

information.Othersoftenconveygrammaticalinformationthrough

inflection.

3.LAD

【答案】Thelanguageacquisitiondevice(LAD)isthenamegiventoa

theoreticalsectionofthebrainpositedtohousetheinnateabilitytoacquire

andrecognizeafirstlanguage.PutforthastheorybythelinguistNoam

Chomsky,thelanguageacquisitiondevicewassaidtobetheseatofuniversal

syntaxsharedbyallhumans.TheLADtheorypositsthatasetlistof

acceptablesentencestructures,thatis,possiblecombinationsofsubjects,

verbs,objects,andmodifiers,areknowntochildrenatbirth.Thoughchildren

rarelyperfectgrammarspokenduringtheirearlyyears,theLADtheory

arguesthatwiththesentencefragmentsandrunonsentencesofordinary

humanspeechandtheinnateuniversalgrammarrules,childrenareableto

fleshoutafulllanguageinjustafewshortyears.

Ⅱ.Whatdo“powerandsolidarity”referto?Pleaseillustratewitha

coupleofexamplesinEnglishorChinese.(10)

【答案】

(1)Insociolinguisticsandpragmat