MiddleSchoolEnglishBasicGrammarCoursewareNounPronounVerbSubjectsandadvertisementsPositionsandconnectionsSensestructureNoun01namesforgeneralcategoriesofthings,people,orideas,e.g.,"cat","teacher","happiness"Commonnounsnamesofspecificindividualsorthings,e.g.,"John","China","MountEverest"PropnounsTypesofNounsusedtorefertoonething,person,oridea,e.g.,"cat","teacher","book"usedtorefertomorethanonething,person,oridea,e.g.,"cats","teachers","books"ThenumberofnounsPluralnounsSingularnounsPossessivenounsusedtoshowsessionorownership,e.g.,"John'sbook","theteacher'sdesk","thechildren'stoys"Formationofpassivenounsusuallybyaddinganapostropheandtheletter'stotheendofthenoun,e.g.,"dog's","girl's","family's"However,forpluralnounsendingin's',onlythefinal's'isadded,e.g.,"boys'"ThepositivecaseofnounsPronoun02PersonalpronounsUsedasthesubjectofaverbtoexpressthespeakerusedastheobjectofaverborapositionusedtorefertoathirdpersonsingularmale/femaleusedtorefertoathingorananimalIYouHe/sheItMineYourHer/hisItsPositivepronouns01020304referstosomethingthatbelongstothespeakerreferstosomethingthatbelongstothelistenerreferstosomethingthatbelongstoathirdpersonmale/femalereferstosomethingthatbelongstoananimalorthingThisusedtopointoutaperson,thing,orideaThatusedtopointoutaperson,thing,orideaatadistanceDemonstrativepronounsInterrogtivepronounsWhousedtoaskabouttheidentityofapersonWhatusedtoaskabouttheidentityofathingVerb03Thebasicformofaverbistheformthatdoesnotchange,alsoknownastheinfinitiveform.ItisthemostbasicandcommonformofaverbSummaryThebasicformofverbsisthesameforallindividualsandtensionsItistheformthatendsin"-to"intheinfinity,asin"torun,""toeat,""towrite."DescriptionThebasicformofverbsVerbtensereferstothetimewhentheactionoreventoccursItisusedtoexpresspast,present,orfutureactionsoreventsSummaryTherearethreemaintensions:present,past,andfutureEachtensehasdifferentformstoshowthetimewhentheactiontakesplaceForexample,thepresenttenseisusedforactionsthatarehappeningnow,thepasttenseforactionsthathavealreadyhappened,andthefuturetenseforactionsthatwillhappeninthefutureDescriptionThetenseofverbsThevoiceofaverbreferstowherethesubjectoftheverbisperformingtheaction(activevoice)orwherethesubjectisbeingactedupon(passivevoice)SummaryTheactivevoiceemphasizesthesubjectperformingtheaction,whilethepassivevoiceemphasizestheactionitselfForexample,intheactivevoice,"Thecatmarriedtheball"(thesubject"cat"isperformingtheaction),whileinthepassivevoice,"Theballwasmarriedbythecat"(thesubject"ball"isbeingactedupon)DescriptionThevoiceofverbsSubjectsandadvertisements04DefinitionAdjectivesarewordsusedtodescribeormodifynounsorpronounsTheyprovideadditionalinformationaboutthesubjectTypesAdjectivescanbeclassifiedintodifferenttypes,suchasdescriptive,positive,anddemonstrativePositionObjectivescommonlycomebeforethenountheymodify,butsomeofthemcancomeafterthenounoreveninthemiddleofasentenceExamples"Beautifulflower","Happychild","Bigdog"AdjectivesDefinitionAdvertisementsarewordsusedtomodifyordescribeverbs,objections,orotheradvertisementsTheyprovideadditionalinformationabouttheactionorstateofthesubjectTypesAdvertiserscanbeclassifiedintodifferenttypes,suchastemporary,modal,andspatialPositionAdvantageouslycomeaftertheverbtheymodify,buttheycanalsocomebeforeorafterotherpartsofthesentenceExamples"Sherunsquickly.","Hespeakssoft.","Theywilldefinitivelywin."01020304AdvertisersVSComparativeformsofadvisorsandadvisorsareusedtocomparetwothingsorpeopleTheyareformedbyadding"-er"totheendoftheobjectiveoradvisorSuperlativeFormsSuperlativeformsofobjectionsandadvertisementsareusedtocomparemorethantwothingsorpeopleTheyareformedbyadding"-est"totheendoftheobjectiveoradvisorComparativeFormsThecomparativeandsuperiorformsofobjectionsandadvertisementsUseComparativeandsuperiorformsareoftenusedinsenseswith"that"or"the"tocomparethingsorpeopleExamples"Heistellerthanher.","Shesingsthebestintheclass.","Thisistheoldestbuildinginthecity."ThecomparativeandsuperiorformsofobjectionsandadvertisementsPositionsandconnections05Definition:Aprepositionisawordusedtoindicatetherelationshipbetweenanounorpronounandotherpartsofasentence.Commonprepositionsinclude"in","on","at","by","with",etc.Usage:Prepositionsareusedtodescribeposition,time,manner,etc.,suchas"inthemorning"or"ontheweekend".PositionDefinition:Aconjunctionisawordusedtoconnecttwoormoresentencesorpartsofasentence.Commonconjunctionsinclude"and","but","or","so",etc.Usage:Conjunctionsareusedtoconnecttwoormoresentencesorclauses,suchas"and"in"Ilikeapplesandbananas".ConjunctionSensestructure06DefinitionofsimplesentenceAsimplesentenceisasentencethatcontainsonlyonesubjectan