Unit3Period2Grammarandusage(1)Peoplehaveclosefriends.(2)Peoplenaturallyenjoytheircompany.Comparethefollowingsentencesandreadthemaloud.Peoplewhohaveclosefriendsnaturallyenjoytheircompany.RestrictiveRelativeClause（限制性定語從句）新課導(dǎo)入課堂學(xué)習(xí)Belowisamagazinearticleonfriendshipinthemodernage.Findthesentenceswithrestrictiverelativeclausesinthearticleandfillintheboxbelow.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.Arealfriendissomeonewhowalksinwhentherestoftheworldwalksout.Arealfriendissomeonewhosesupportwecancounton.Arealfriendissomeonewhoseesourtrueself,notjustthefacethatweshowtotheworld.Yetthesedays,themoderntoolsthatkeepusconnectedareeatingawayatthemeaningoffriendship.Wemaybeabletomakemanyfriendsonline,butthesefriendshipscanbequiteshallow.Socialmedialikeblogshascomebetweenusandthefriendswhomwelove.Textingandmessagingcannottaketheplaceofface-to-facechatting."Sharing"ourexperiencesonsocialmediaisnotenoughtoexpressthevalueswhichmattermosttous."Liking"ourfriends'photosonlinedoesnotdeveloptheconnectionwhichweshare.Tomakefriendsarealpartofourlives,weshouldputdownoursmartphonesandmeettheminperson.AExploringtherules①Arealfriendissomeonewhowalksinwhentherestoftheworldwalksout.②Arealfriendissomeonewhosesupportwecancounton.③Arealfriendissomeonewhoseesourtrueself,notjustthefacethatweshowtothe

world.④...themoderntoolsthatkeepusconnectedareeatingawayatthemeaningoffriendship.⑤Socialmedialikeblogshascomebetweenusandthefriendswhomwelove.⑥“Sharing”ourexperiencesonsocialmediaisnotenoughtoexpressthevalues

whichmattermosttous.⑦“Liking”ourfriends’photosonlinedoesnotdeveloptheconnectionwhichwe

share.WorkingouttherulesArestrictiverelativeclausemodifiesanoun,pronounornounphrasebeforeit.Weuserelativepronounsorrelativeadverbstointroducerestrictiverelativeclauses.Weuse(1)________forthings,and(2)________andwhomforpeople.Wecanuse(3)_______forboththingsandpeople.Weuse(4)_________toshowpossession.whichwhothatwhose限制性定語從句（restrictiverelativeclause）指修飾名詞、代詞或名詞短語的從句，對所修飾的對象加以限制，表示“……的（人）”或“…的（物）”。從句不可去掉，一旦去掉主句的意思則不完整。被修飾的名詞、代詞或名詞短語稱為先行項或先行詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，包括關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞。

由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句定語從句可由關(guān)系代詞

who,whom,whose,which,that引導(dǎo)關(guān)系代詞的指代與在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞株P(guān)系代詞指代的先行詞充當(dāng)從句的成分who人主、賓whom人賓which物主、賓that人或物主、賓、表whose人或物定語1.who指人,在定語從句中作主語、賓語。作賓語時，可省略。判斷下列句中who在定語從句中所作的成分①Theman(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.②Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.2.whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語，可省略。e.g.Theman(whom)InoddedtoisMr.Liu.賓主3.which指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語。作賓語時可省略。

判斷下列句中which在定語從句中所作的成分①Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.②Thisrecorder(which)heisusingismadeinJapan.③Thisistheplacewhichisworthvisiting.主賓主判斷下列句中that在定語從句中所作的成分①Thisisthereason(that)hetoldme.②Thevillageisnolongertheonethatwas5yearsago.③Thisistheonlyway(that)wecanfindatpresent.④Heisnolongerthesimple-mindedman(that)hewasfiveyearsago.4.that指人、物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語。

作賓語或表語時，可省略。賓主賓表5.whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句，既可修飾人，也可修飾物，

whose在從句中作定語。①IsatnexttoagirlwhosenameisDiana.②TheclubwhosemembersaremusicfansmeetintheschoolgardeneverySaturday.①先行詞中有人又有物時。e.g.Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?只能用that不能用which的情況:②先行詞為不定代詞all,one,few,little,no,some,any,everything,nothing,nobody,none等時。e.g.Thisisall

thatIwantfromtheschool.③先行詞被only,just,very,right,last等修飾時。e.g.Thisistheverybook

thatIhavebeenlookingforthesedays.④當(dāng)先行詞被最高級修飾時。e.g.TheTVtoweristhehighestbuildingthathasbeenbuiltinthiscity.⑤當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時。e.g.Thefirstlesson

thatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.找出下列復(fù)合句中只能用that，不用which連接的定語從句（√）

。1.InChina,parentsalwaysdoeverything______theycantosupport

theirchildren.2.

Thisistheplace______

wevisitedyesterday.3.Itwasthelargestmap______Ieversaw.4.Thisisthelastthing______

Iwanttodo.5.Hewaslookingpleasantlyatthechildrenandparcels______

filledhisbus.6.Chattingistheonlything______

interestshermost.√√√√√Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingrestrictiverelativeclauses.B1BApplyingtherules1.Commoninterestsproviderichground.Manyfriendshipsgrowfromrichground.Commoninterestsproviderichground_______________________________.2.Whenfriends’communicationiswarmandopen,friendshipsgrowbest.Friendshipsgrowbestbetweenfriends_______________________________.

3.Friendshipsarelikeflowers.Theseflowersneedtobetakengoodcareof.Friendshipsarelikeflowers_______________________________.fromwhichmanyfriendshipsgrowwhosecommunicationiswarmandopenwhich/thatneedtobetakengoodcareof4.Arelationshipwithatruefriendwillsurelyproducefruit.Youcancountonatruefriend.Arelationshipwithatruefriend_____________________________willsurelyproducefruit.5.Youhavebeenhelpedbyothers.Tomakefriends,youshouldhelpothersinthesameway.Tomakefriends,youshouldhelpotherstheway__________________________________________.(whom/that/who)youcancountonthatyouhavebeenhelpedbyothersThepassagebelowisaboutfriendshipinagreatnovel.Completethepassagewithcorrectrelativepronounswherenecessary.B2InMarkTwain’sAdventuresofHuckleberry

Finn,thefriendship(1)___________formsbetweenHuckFinnandJimisanimportantthemeofthebook,thoughtheyappeartobeanunlikelypair.Huckisapoorwhiteboy(2)________fatheroftenbeatshim,whileJimisablackslave(3)_________longstobefree.Oneday,Huckrunsawayfromhometoanisland.TherehemeetsJimandmakesfriendswithhim.Thentheyleavetheislandtogetheronaraft(4)__________theyfindontheMississippiRiver.TheyheadnorthtoIllinois,astatein(5)______Jimcanbecomefree.ThehighpointofthestorycomeswhenHuckisfacedwiththedecisionofwhethertohandJimovertosomeslavecatchers.Intheend,HuckdecidesthatJimisafriend(6)_________________heneedsandvalues,andrefusestogivehimup.Fromthisstorywecanseethatfriendsarepeople(7)________supportyouthroughthickandthin.AreHuckFinnandJimtruefriends?Whydoyouthinkso?which/thatwhosewho/that(which/that)which(whom/who/that)who/thatInpairs,describeafriendofyoursusingrestrictiverelativeclauses.Usetheexamplebelowtohelpyou.B3Mybestfriendis