Authorizedlicenseduselimitedto:UniversityTownLibraryofShenzhen.DownloadedonJanuary26,2024at00:49:22UTCfromIEEEXplore.Restrictionsapply.

STANDARDS

IEEERecommendedPracticefortheDesignofDCPowerSystemsforStationaryApplications

IEEEPowerandEnergySociety

Developedbythe

EnergyStorageandStationaryBatteryCommittee

IEEEStd946?-2020

(Revisionof

IEEEStd946-2004)

IEEEStd946?-2020

(RevisionofIEEEStd946-2004)

IEEERecommendedPracticefortheDesignofDCPowerSystemsforStationaryApplications

Developedbythe

EnergyStorageandStationaryBatteryCommittee

ofthe

IEEEPowerandEnergySociety

Approved30January2020

IEEE-SAStandardsBoard

Abstract:Recommendedpracticesforthedesignofdcpowersystemsforstationaryapplicationsareprovidedinthisdocument.Thecomponentsofthedcpowersystemaddressedbythisdocumentincludelead-acidandnickel-cadmiumstoragebatteries,staticbatterychargers,anddistributionequipment.Guidanceinselectingthequantityandtypesofequipment,theequipmentratings,interconnections,instrumentationandprotectionisalsoprovided.Thisrecommendationisapplicableforpowergeneration,substation,andtelecommunicationapplications.

Keywords:auxiliary,backup,battery,batterycharger,chargersizing,control,cross-tie,dc,directcurrent,distribution,dutycycle,generatingstation,grounddetection,IEEE946?,instrumentation,nuclear,panels,protectioncoordination,rectifiers,reserve,selectiveprotection,short-circuit,substation,telecommunication

TheInstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers,Inc.3ParkAvenue,NewYork,NY10016-5997,USA

Copyright?2020byTheInstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers,Inc.

Allrightsreserved.Published23September2020.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.

IEEEisaregisteredtrademarkintheU.S.Patent&TrademarkOffice,ownedbyTheInstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated.

NationalElectricalSafetyCodeandNESCareregisteredtrademarksandservicemarksintheU.S.Patent&TrademarkOffice,ownedbyTheInstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated.

NationalElectricalCode,NEC,NFPA70,andNFPA70EareregisteredtrademarksintheU.S.Patent&TrademarkOffice,ownedbytheNationalFireProtectionAssociation.

PDF: ISBN978-1-5044-6454-3 STD24059Print: ISBN978-1-5044-6455-0 STDPD24059

IEEEprohibitsdiscrimination,harassment,andbullying.

Formoreinformation,visit

/about/corporate/governance/p9-26.html

.

Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedinanyform,inanelectronicretrievalsystemorotherwise,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher.

PAGE

10

Authorizedlicenseduselimitedto:UniversityTownLibrarCyoopfSyrhiegnhzth?en2.0D2o0wInEloEaEde.dAlolnrigJahntsuarreys2e6r,v2e0d2.4at00:49:22UTCfromIEEEXplore.Restrictionsapply.

ImportantNoticesandDisclaimersConcerningIEEEStandardsDocuments

IEEEStandardsdocumentsaremadeavailableforusesubjecttoimportantnoticesandlegaldisclaimers.Thesenoticesanddisclaimers,orareferencetothispage(

/ipr/disclaimers.html

),appearinallstandardsandmaybefoundundertheheading“ImportantNoticesandDisclaimersConcerningIEEEStandardsDocuments.”

NoticeandDisclaimerofLiabilityConcerningtheUseofIEEEStandardsDocuments

IEEEStandardsdocumentsaredevelopedwithintheIEEESocietiesandtheStandardsCoordinatingCommitteesoftheIEEEStandardsAssociation(IEEESA)StandardsBoard.IEEEdevelopsitsstandardsthroughanaccreditedconsensusdevelopmentprocess,whichbringstogethervolunteersrepresentingvariedviewpointsandintereststoachievethefinalproduct.IEEEStandardsaredocumentsdevelopedbyvolunteerswithscientific,academic,andindustry-basedexpertiseintechnicalworkinggroups.VolunteersarenotnecessarilymembersofIEEEorIEEESA,andparticipatewithoutcompensationfromIEEE.WhileIEEEadministerstheprocessandestablishesrulestopromotefairnessintheconsensusdevelopmentprocess,IEEEdoesnotindependentlyevaluate,test,orverifytheaccuracyofanyoftheinformationorthesoundnessofanyjudgmentscontainedinitsstandards.

IEEEdoesnotwarrantorrepresenttheaccuracyorcompletenessofthematerialcontainedinitsstandards,andexpresslydisclaimsallwarranties(express,impliedandstatutory)notincludedinthisoranyotherdocumentrelatingtothestandard,including,butnotlimitedto,thewarrantiesof:merchantability;fitnessforaparticularpurpose;non-infringement;andquality,accuracy,effectiveness,currency,orcompletenessofmaterial.Inaddition,IEEEdisclaimsanyandallconditionsrelatingtoresultsandworkmanlikeeffort.Inaddition,IEEEdoesnotwarrantorrepresentthattheuseofthematerialcontainedinitsstandardsisfreefrompatentinfringement.IEEEStandardsdocumentsaresupplied“ASIS”and“WITHALLFAULTS.”

UseofanIEEEstandardiswhollyvoluntary.TheexistenceofanIEEEStandarddoesnotimplythattherearenootherwaystoproduce,test,measure,purchase,market,orprovideothergoodsandservicesrelatedtothescopeoftheIEEEstandard.Furthermore,theviewpointexpressedatthetimeastandardisapprovedandissuedissubjecttochangebroughtaboutthroughdevelopmentsinthestateoftheartandcommentsreceivedfromusersofthestandard.

Inpublishingandmakingitsstandardsavailable,IEEEisnotsuggestingorrenderingprofessionalorotherservicesfor,oronbehalfof,anypersonorentity,norisIEEEundertakingtoperformanydutyowedbyanyotherpersonorentitytoanother.AnypersonutilizinganyIEEEStandardsdocument,shouldrelyuponhisorherownindependentjudgmentintheexerciseofreasonablecareinanygivencircumstancesor,asappropriate,seektheadviceofacompetentprofessionalindeterminingtheappropriatenessofagivenIEEEstandard.

INNOEVENTSHALLIEEEBELIABLEFORANYDIRECT,INDIRECT,INCIDENTAL,SPECIAL,EXEMPLARY,ORCONSEQUENTIALDAMAGES(INCLUDING,BUTNOTLIMITEDTO:THENEEDTOPROCURESUBSTITUTEGOODSORSERVICES;LOSSOFUSE,DATA,ORPROFITS;ORBUSINESSINTERRUPTION)HOWEVERCAUSEDANDONANYTHEORYOFLIABILITY,WHETHERINCONTRACT,STRICTLIABILITY,ORTORT(INCLUDINGNEGLIGENCEOROTHERWISE)ARISINGINANYWAYOUTOFTHEPUBLICATION,USEOF,ORRELIANCEUPONANYSTANDARD,EVENIFADVISEDOFTHEPOSSIBILITYOFSUCHDAMAGEANDREGARDLESSOFWHETHERSUCHDAMAGEWASFORESEEABLE.

Translations

TheIEEEconsensusdevelopmentprocessinvolvesthereviewofdocumentsinEnglishonly.IntheeventthatanIEEEstandardistranslated,onlytheEnglishversionpublishedbyIEEEistheapprovedIEEEstandard.

Officialstatements

Astatement,writtenororal,thatisnotprocessedinaccordancewiththeIEEESAStandardsBoardOperationsManualshallnotbeconsideredorinferredtobetheofficialpositionofIEEEoranyofitscommitteesandshallnotbeconsideredtobe,norberelieduponas,aformalpositionofIEEE.Atlectures,symposia,seminars,oreducationalcourses,anindividualpresentinginformationonIEEEstandardsshallmakeitclearthatthepresenter’sviewsshouldbeconsideredthepersonalviewsofthatindividualratherthantheformalpositionofIEEE,IEEESA,theStandardsCommittee,ortheWorkingGroup.

Commentsonstandards

CommentsforrevisionofIEEEStandardsdocumentsarewelcomefromanyinterestedparty,regardlessofmembershipaffiliationwithIEEEorIEEESA.However,IEEEdoesnotprovideinterpretations,consultinginformation,oradvicepertainingtoIEEEStandardsdocuments.

Suggestionsforchangesindocumentsshouldbeintheformofaproposedchangeoftext,togetherwithappropriatesupportingcomments.SinceIEEEstandardsrepresentaconsensusofconcernedinterests,itisimportantthatanyresponsestocommentsandquestionsalsoreceivetheconcurrenceofabalanceofinterests.Forthisreason,IEEEandthemembersofitsSocietiesandStandardsCoordinatingCommitteesarenotabletoprovideaninstantresponsetocomments,orquestionsexceptinthosecaseswherethematterhaspreviouslybeenaddressed.Forthesamereason,IEEEdoesnotrespondtointerpretationrequests.AnypersonwhowouldliketoparticipateinevaluatingcommentsorinrevisionstoanIEEEstandardiswelcometojointherelevantIEEEworkinggroup.YoucanindicateinterestinaworkinggroupusingtheIntereststabintheManageProfile&Interestsareaofthe

IEEESAmyProjectsystem

.AnIEEEAccountisneededtoaccesstheapplication.

Commentsonstandardsshouldbesubmittedusingthe

ContactUs

form.

Lawsandregulations

UsersofIEEEStandardsdocumentsshouldconsultallapplicablelawsandregulations.CompliancewiththeprovisionsofanyIEEEStandardsdocumentdoesnotconstitutecompliancetoanyapplicableregulatoryrequirements.Implementersofthestandardareresponsibleforobservingorreferringtotheapplicableregulatoryrequirements.IEEEdoesnot,bythepublicationofitsstandards,intendtourgeactionthatisnotincompliancewithapplicablelaws,andthesedocumentsmaynotbeconstruedasdoingso.

Dataprivacy

UsersofIEEEStandardsdocumentsshouldevaluatethestandardsforconsiderationsofdataprivacyanddataownershipinthecontextofassessingandusingthestandardsincompliancewithapplicablelawsandregulations.

Copyrights

IEEEdraftandapprovedstandardsarecopyrightedbyIEEEunderUSandinternationalcopyrightlaws.TheyaremadeavailablebyIEEEandareadoptedforawidevarietyofbothpublicandprivateuses.Theseinclude

bothuse,byreference,inlawsandregulations,anduseinprivateself-regulation,standardization,andthepromotionofengineeringpracticesandmethods.Bymakingthesedocumentsavailableforuseandadoptionbypublicauthoritiesandprivateusers,IEEEdoesnotwaiveanyrightsincopyrighttothedocuments.

Photocopies

Subjecttopaymentoftheappropriatelicensingfees,IEEEwillgrantusersalimited,non-exclusivelicensetophotocopyportionsofanyindividualstandardforcompanyororganizationalinternaluseorindividual,non-commercialuseonly.Toarrangeforpaymentoflicensingfees,pleasecontactCopyrightClearanceCenter,CustomerService,222RosewoodDrive,Danvers,MA01923USA;+19787508400;

https://www.copyright

.com/

.PermissiontophotocopyportionsofanyindividualstandardforeducationalclassroomusecanalsobeobtainedthroughtheCopyrightClearanceCenter.

UpdatingofIEEEStandardsdocuments

UsersofIEEEStandardsdocumentsshouldbeawarethatthesedocumentsmaybesupersededatanytimebytheissuanceofneweditionsormaybeamendedfromtimetotimethroughtheissuanceofamendments,corrigenda,orerrata.AnofficialIEEEdocumentatanypointintimeconsistsofthecurrenteditionofthedocumenttogetherwithanyamendments,corrigenda,orerratathenineffect.

EveryIEEEstandardissubjectedtoreviewatleastevery10years.Whenadocumentismorethan10yearsoldandhasnotundergonearevisionprocess,itisreasonabletoconcludethatitscontents,althoughstillofsomevalue,donotwhollyreflectthepresentstateoftheart.UsersarecautionedtochecktodeterminethattheyhavethelatesteditionofanyIEEEstandard.

Inordertodeterminewhetheragivendocumentisthecurrenteditionandwhetherithasbeenamendedthroughtheissuanceofamendments,corrigenda,orerrata,visit

IEEEXplore

or

contactIEEE

.FormoreinformationabouttheIEEESAorIEEE’sstandardsdevelopmentprocess,visittheIEEESAWebsite.

Errata

Errata,ifany,forallIEEEstandardscanbeaccessedonthe

IEEESAWebsite

.Searchforstandardnumberandyearofapprovaltoaccessthewebpageofthepublishedstandard.ErratalinksarelocatedundertheAdditionalResourcesDetailssection.Errataarealsoavailablein

IEEEXplore

.Usersareencouragedtoperiodicallycheckforerrata.

Patents

IEEEStandardsaredevelopedincompliancewiththe

IEEESAPatentPolicy

.

Attentioniscalledtothepossibilitythatimplementationofthisstandardmayrequireuseofsubjectmattercoveredbypatentrights.Bypublicationofthisstandard,nopositionistakenbytheIEEEwithrespecttotheexistenceorvalidityofanypatentrightsinconnectiontherewith.IfapatentholderorpatentapplicanthasfiledastatementofassuranceviaanAcceptedLetterofAssurance,thenthestatementislistedontheIEEESAWebsiteat

/about/sasb/patcom/patents.html

.LettersofAssurancemayindicatewhethertheSubmitteriswillingorunwillingtograntlicensesunderpatentrightswithoutcompensationorunderreasonablerates,withreasonabletermsandconditionsthataredemonstrablyfreeofanyunfairdiscriminationtoapplicantsdesiringtoobtainsuchlicenses.

EssentialPatentClaimsmayexistforwhichaLetterofAssurancehasnotbeenreceived.TheIEEEisnotresponsibleforidentifyingEssentialPatentClaimsforwhichalicensemayberequired,forconductinginquiries

intothelegalvalidityorscopeofPatentsClaims,ordeterminingwhetheranylicensingtermsorconditionsprovidedinconnectionwithsubmissionofaLetterofAssurance,ifany,orinanylicensingagreementsarereasonableornon-discriminatory.Usersofthisstandardareexpresslyadvisedthatdeterminationofthevalidityofanypatentrights,andtheriskofinfringementofsuchrights,isentirelytheirownresponsibility.FurtherinformationmaybeobtainedfromtheIEEEStandardsAssociation.

IMPORTANTNOTICE

IEEEStandardsdonotguaranteeorensuresafety,security,health,orenvironmentalprotection,orensureagainstinterferencewithorfromotherdevicesornetworks.IEEEStandardsdevelopmentactivitiesconsiderresearchandinformationpresentedtothestandardsdevelopmentgroupindevelopinganysafetyrecommendations.Otherinformationaboutsafetypractices,changesintechnologyortechnologyimplementation,orimpactbyperipheralsystemsalsomaybepertinenttosafetyconsiderationsduringimplementationofthestandard.ImplementersandusersofIEEEStandardsdocumentsareresponsiblefordeterminingandcomplyingwithallappropriatesafety,security,environmental,health,andinterferenceprotectionpracticesandallapplicablelawsandregulations.

Participants

Atthetimethisrecommendedpracticewascompleted,theDCPowerWorkingGrouphadthefollowingmembership:

HaissamNasrat,Chair

RichardHutchins,Secretary

AmberAboulfaidaCurtisAshtonRobertBeaversRobertBeckChristopherBelcherStevenBelisleDuaneBrock

JamesBuniakThomasCarpenterLarryCarsonMuradDaanaRajeshDhimanRobertFeisleyKevinFellhoelter

DavidFranklinAliHeidaryDavidHoodWayneJohnsonRogerKangThomasKeelsYvesLavoieRufusLawhornJoseMarrero

TaniaMartinez-NavedoStephenMccluerMatthewMcConnellDanielMcMenaminJamesMidolo

SepehrMoghareiThomasMulcahyBansiPatel

ArtSalanderSurendraSalgiaChristopherSearlesJosephStevensThomasStomberskiKurtUhlir

GustavoVarelaLesleyVargaStephenVechyJasonWallisDonaldWengerter

Thefollowingmembersoftheindividualballotingcommitteevotedonthisrecommendedpractice.Ballotersmayhavevotedforapproval,disapproval,orabstention.

AmberAboulfaidaAliAlAwazi

StevenAlexandersonCurtisAshton

GaryBalashRadoslavBaracThomasBarnesRobertBeaversRobertBeckMarkBowmanJonBrasherDuaneBrockJeffreyBrogdonChrisBrooks

DemetrioBucanegJr.DavidBurns

WilliamBushWilliamCantorPaulCardinalThomasCarpenter

SureshChannarasappaMichaelChiricoRandyClelland

BryanColeMatthewDavisRayDavisJohnDisoswayGaryDonnerMichaelDoodEdgarDullni

KevinFellhoelter

RobertFletcherRostyslawFostiakDaleFredricksonDavidGiegelMietekGlinkowskiJalalGohari

JosephGravelleRandallGrovesAjitGwal

AliHeidaryLeeHerronWernerHoelzlRobertHoerauf

RichardJacksonAnilJamesGezaJoos

InnocentKamwaPeterKelly

YuriKhersonskyHermannKochBorisKogan

JimKulchiskySaumenKunduMikhailLagodaChung-YiuLamDanielLambertRufusLawhornTimothyLensmireAlbertLivshitzJonLoeligerDebraLongtin

JoseMarreroHugoMarroquinMichaelMayStephenMcCluerWilliamMcCoyJamesMcDowall

DanielMcMenaminStevenMeinersLarryMeisnerJamesMidoloSepehrMoghareiDaleepMohlaThomasMulcahyJerryMurphyHaissamNasratDennisNeitzelArthurNeubauerMichaelNewmanNickS.ANikjooJoeNims

JamesO’BrienLorrainePaddenBansiPatelAnthonyPicagliJohnPolenzThomasProiosRobertRallo

JanReberTimothyRobirdsCharlesRogersThomasRozek

RyandiRyandiArtSalanderSurendraSalgiaStevenSanoBartienSayogoRobertSchuerger

ChristopherSearlesRobertSeitzNikunjShah

DevkiSharmaDavidSmithJeremySmithRalphStellGaryStoedter

ThomasStomberski

K.StumpSercanTeleke

MichaelThompsonWayneTimm

JamesVanDeLigtLesleyVargaGeraldVaughnStephenVechyJohnVergisDonaldWengerterKennethWhiteHughesWike

JianYu

WhentheIEEE-SAStandardsBoardapprovedthisrecommendedpracticeon30January2020,ithadthefollowingmembership:

GaryHoffman,Chair

VacantPosition,ViceChair

Jean-PhilippeFaure,PastChair

KonstantinosKarachalios,Secretary

TedBurseDougEdwardsJ.TravisGriffithGraceGuGuidoR.Hiertz

JosephL.Koepfinger*JohnD.Kulick

DavidJ.LawHowardLiDongLiuKevinLuPaulNikolich

DamirNovosel

JonWalterRosdahl

DorothyStanleyMehmetUlemaLeiWang

ShaWei

PhilipB.WinstonDaidiZhongJingyiZhou

*MemberEmeritus

Introduction

ThisintroductionisnotpartofIEEEStd946-2020,IEEERecommendedPracticefortheDesignofDCPowerSystemsforStationaryApplications.

DCpowersystemscontinuetoplayavitalroleingeneratingstation,substation,andtelecomcontrolsandprovidingbackupforemergencies.Thisrecommendedpracticefulfilsaneedwithintheindustrytoprovidecommonorstandardpracticesforthedesignofdcpowersystems.Thedesignfeaturesareapplicabletoallinstallationsandsystemscapacities.

TheoriginalissueofIEEEStd946waspublishedin1985withthetitleIEEERecommendedPracticefortheDesignofSafety-RelatedDCPowerSystemsforNuclearPowerGeneratingStations.The1992revisionchangedthetitletoapplytoallgeneratingstations,whileincludingspecificguidanceandadetailedbibliographyofnucleardesignreferencestandards.Thisrevisionmakesageneralupdatetoreflectthemostrecentindustrypracticesaswellassubstantialadditionstoannexes.Inadditiontopowergenerationapplications,thisrecommendedpracticecoversdcpowersystemdesigninsubstationsandtelecommunicationapplications.Somediscussionsandillustrativefigureshavebeenretainedastheyofferaconstructivecomparisontodesignswithouthavingtoresorttoadditionalstandards.

ThisrecommendedpracticewaspreparedbyaWorkingGroupthatispartoftheEnergyStorageandStationaryBatteryCommitteeandwassponsoredbytheEnergyDevelopmentandPowerGenerationCommitteeoftheIEEEPowerandEnergySociety.

NotethatIEEEStd1818?andIEEEStd946arecomplementarydocuments,developedbyindependentworkinggroups.1

1Informationonreferencescanbefoundin

Clause2

.

Contents

Overview 12

Scope 12

Purpose 12

Exclusions 13

Normativereferences 13

Definitions 14

Organizationofthisrecommendedpractice 15

Descriptionandoperation 15

General 15

Systemdesignconsiderations 16

Batteries 18

Numberofbatterystrings 18

Determinationofbatterydutycycleandbatterysize(capacity) 19

Installationdesign 21

Maintenance,testing,andreplacement 22

Qualification,relevantcodes,andstandards 23

Batterychargers 23

Numberofchargers 23

Loadsharingbetweenparalleledchargers 24

Determinationofratedoutput 24

Installationdesign 26

Outputcharacteristics 26

Qualification 29

Distributionsystem 30

Systemlayout 30

Distributionpanels 35

Availableshort-circuitcurrent 35

Protectivedevicedescriptionandrating 37

Voltageratingsforloads 38

Qualification 39

DCpowersysteminstrumentation,controls,andalarms 40

General 40

DCpowersystemgrounddetection 43

DCbusundervoltagealarm 45

Specialloadingconsiderations 45

Designfeaturestoassistinbatterytesting 46

Cross-tiebetweenbuses 46

Protectionagainstelectricalnoise,lightning,andswitchingsurges 46

Electromagneticinterference(EMI),radio-frequencyinterference(RFI) 47

Lightningandswitchingsurges 47

Spareequipment 48

AnnexA(informative)Bibliography 49

Annex

B(informative)Batterychargersizing—Samplecalculations 51

Annex

C(informative)Batteryavailableshort-circuitcurrent—Samplecalculations 56

Annex

D(informative)Batterychargeranddcpowersystem,short-circuitcurrentcontribution 59

AnnexE(informative)Effectofunintentionalgroundsontheoperationofdcpowersystems 62

Annex

F(informative)Telecommunication-specificconsiderations 65

AnnexG(informative)Loadsharingofchargers 70

AnnexH(informative)Centertappedbatterydesignconsiderations 71

AnnexI(informative)Additionalbatteriesinnuclearpowergenerationapplications 72

IEEERecommendedPracticefortheDesignofDCPowerSystemsforStationaryApplications

Overview

Scope

Thisrecommendedpracticeprovidesguidanceforthedesignofstationarydcpowersystems.Thecomponentsofthestationarydcpowersystemaddressedbythisrecommendedpracticeincludethefollowing:

Storagebatteries

Staticbatterychargers/rectifiers(includingsizing)

Distributionequipment

Protectionequipment

Controlequipment

Interconnections

Instrumentation

Guidanceforselectingthequantity,types,andratingsofequipmentisalsoprovided.

Theconsiderationsofeachofthesedifferentcomponentsandtheissueofloadvoltageandotherloadspecificsarediscussedintermsoftheireffectonthedesignofthewholesystem.Guidanceonshort-circuitcalculationandcontributionofdifferentdcpowersystemcomponentsisalsoofferedtoimprovereliability,performance,andsafetyoftheinstallation.

Purpose

Thepurposeofthisdocumentistoprovidetheuserwithinformationandrecommendationsconcerningsizinganddesigningdcpowersystemsinstationaryapplications.

Whiletherecommendedpracticesinthisdocumentapplytodcpowersystemsinsubstations,additionalguidanceforsubstationsisprovidedinIEEEStd1818.2

2Informationonreferencescanbefoundin

Clause2

.

IEEEStd946-2020

IEEERecommendedPracticefortheDesignofDCPowerSystemsforStationaryApplications

PAGE

13

Authorizedlicenseduselimitedto:UniversityTownLibrarCyoopfSyrhiegnhzth?en2.0D2o0wInEloEaEde.dAlolnrigJahntsuarreys2e6r,v2e0d2.4at00:49:22UTCfromIEEEXplore.Restrictionsapply.

Exclusions

Electricallyself-containedac-acequipmentandthefollowingcomponentsofthedcpowersystem,withtheexceptionofhowtheyinfluencethedcpowersystemdesign,arespecificallyexcludedfromthescopeofthisrecommendedpractice:

Theacpowersupplytothebatterychargers/rectifiers

Photovoltaic,wind,andotheralternativedcpowersourcesystemdesigns

Loadsservedbydedicatedenginestartingbatterysystems

Applicationsrequiringdcvoltagesupplyabove1000Vnominal

Motorgeneratorsets

Batterytechnologiesotherthanlead-acid(L-A)andnickel-cadmium(Ni-Cd)

Separatesystemsareusuallyrecommendedforthefollowingspecialserviceapplications,andarenotwithinthescopeofthisdocument:

Engine(cranking)starting

Emergencylighting

Firedetectionandannunciation

Fireprotectionactuation

Normativereferences

Thefollowingreferenceddocumentsareindispensablefortheapplicationofthisdocument(i.e.,theymustbeunderstoodandused,soeachreferenceddocumentiscitedintextanditsrelationshiptothisdocumentisexplained).Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendmentsorcorrigenda)applies.

IEEEStd308?,IEEEStandardCriteriaforClass1EPowerSystemsforNuclearPowerGeneratingStations.3,4

IEEEStd344?,IEEEStandardforSeismicQualificationofEquipmentforNuclearPowerGeneratingStations.

IEEEStd450?,IEEERecommendedPracticeforMaintenance,Testing,andReplacementofVentedLead-AcidBatteriesforStationaryApplications.

IEEEStd484?,IEEERecommendedPracticeforInstallationDesignandInstallationofVentedLead-AcidStorageBatteriesforStationaryApplications.

IEEEStd485?,IEEERecommendedPracticeforSizingLead-AcidBatteriesforStationaryApplications.

IEEEStd649?,IEEEStandardforQualifyingClass1EMotorControlCentersforNuclearPowerGeneratingStations.

3TheIEEEstandardsorproductsreferredtoin

Clause2

aretrademarksownedbyTheInstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated.

4IEEEpublicationsareavailablefromTheInstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers(

/

).

IEEEStd650?,IEEEQualificationofClass1EStaticBatteryChargers,Inverters,andUninterruptiblePowerSupplySystemsforNuclearPowerGeneratingStations.

IEEEStd666?,IEEEDesignGuideforElectricPowerServiceSystemsforGeneratingStations.IEEEStd693-2005?,IEEERecommendedPracticeforSeismicDesignofSubstations.

IEEEStd979?,IEEEGuideforSubstationFireProtection.

IEEEStd1106?,IEEERecommendedPracticeforInstallation,Maintenance,Testing,andReplacementofVentedNickel-CadmiumBatteriesforStationaryApplications.

IEEEStd1115?,IEEERecommendedPracticeforSizingNickel-CadmiumBatteriesforStationaryApplications.

IEEEStd1187?,IEEERecommendedPracticeforInstallationDesignandInstallationofValve-RegulatedLead-AcidBatteriesforStationaryApplications.

IEEEStd1188?,IEEERecommendedPracticeforMaintenance,Testing,andReplacementofValveRegulatedLead-Acid(VRLA)BatteriesforStationaryApplications.

IEEEStd1189?,IEEEGuideforSelectionofValve-RegulatedLead-Acid(VRLA)BatteriesforStationaryApplications.

IEEEStd1375?,IEEEGuidefortheProtectionofStationaryBatterySystems.

IEEEStd1491?,IEEEGuideforSelectionandUseofBatteryMonitoringEquipmentinStationaryApplications.

IEEEStd1578?,IEEERecommendedPracticeforStationaryBatteryElectrolyteSpillContainmentandM