7thgradeEnglishnouncourseware目錄CONTENTSClassificationofNounsThePluralFormNounsThepossessivecaseofnounsTheroleofnounsinsentencesModifiersofnounsSpecialUsesofNouns01ClassificationofNounsCHAPTERProperTerminologyPropernounsarenamesofspecificindividuals,places,orthings.Theyalwaysbeginwithacapitalletter.Example:"John","NewYork","MountEverest"Commonnounsaregeneraltermsusedtorefertoaclassofthingsratherthanaspecificindividual.Example:"cat","dog","tree"CommonNounsCountablenounsarenounsthatcanbecountedandhaveapluralform.Example:"book","apple","person"CountableNounsUncountablenounsarenounsthatcannotbecountedanddonothaveapluralform.Example:"milk","bread","rice"UncountableNouns02ThePluralFormNounsCHAPTERThegeneralrulemostEnglishnounsformtheirpluralsbyadding-sor-estothesingularform.Forexample,"cat"becomes"cats",and"box"becomes"boxes".The-ch,-sh,-x,-zrulesnounsendingin-ch,-sh,-xor-zusuallyadd-esinthepluralform.Forexample,"church"becomes"churches","brush"becomes"brushes","box"becomes"boxes",and"buzz"becomes"buzzes".The-orulenounsendingin-ousuallyadd-esinthepluralform,exceptforthoseendingin-co,-go,-xoor-do.Forexample,"tomato"becomes"tomatoes",but"echo"remains"echoes".ThepluralformofrulesIrregularnounsarethosethatdonotfollowtheregularrulesforformingtheirplurals.Somecommonirregularpluralformsinclude"child"becoming"children","ox"becoming"oxen",and"man"becoming"men".LearningtheirregularpluralformsisessentialforproperusageandunderstandingofEnglishgrammar.Memorizingtheseexceptionsisrecommended.IrregularpluralformsVSSomenounshavespecialpluralformsthataredifferentfromtheregularrules.Forexample,thepluralof"knife"is"knives",not"knaves".Otherexamplesofspecialpluralformsinclude"mouse"becoming"mice","louse"becoming"lice",and"foot"becoming"feet".Thesespecialformsshouldbelearnedandusedappropriately.Specialpluralforms03ThepossessivecaseofnounsCHAPTERThepossessivecaseisusedtoshowownershipofsomething.Forsingularnouns,thepossessivecaseisformedbyaddinganapostropheand's'.Forexample:"Thedog'stoy."Thepossessivecaseisformedbyaddinganapostropheandan's'totheendofthenoun.Forpluralnounsendingin's',onlyanapostropheisadded.Forexample:"Thedogs'toys."TheConstructionofNounPossessiveCasePersonalnamesendingin's'addanapostrophe.Forexample:"John'sbook."Placenamesendingin's'addanapostrophe.Forexample:"Paris'river."ThepossessivecaseofpersonalandplacenamesPersonalnamesendinginaconsonantadd's'andanapostrophe.Forexample:"Sam'sbook."Placenamesendinginaconsonantadd's'andanapostrophe.Forexample:"London'sTowerBridge."0102ThepossessivecaseofabbreviationsAbbreviationsendinginaconsonantadd's'andanapostrophe.Forexample:"Dr.'svisit."Abbreviationsendingin's'addanapostrophe.Forexample:"Mr.'sdegree."04TheroleofnounsinsentencesCHAPTERSubjectnounsexpressthepersonorthingperformingtheaction,suchas"John"inthesentence"Johnreadsabook."Subjectnounscanbeeithersingularorplural,dependingonthenumberofthesubject.subjectobjectObjectnounsexpressthepersonorthingreceivingtheaction,suchas"book"inthesentence"Johnreadsabook."Objectnounscanbeeitherdirectorindirect,dependingontheirfunctioninthesentence.Nounscanexpressdifferentemotionsorideasthroughtheirchoiceofwords,suchasusing"beautiful"insteadof"pretty"todescribeaflower.Theuseofexpressivelanguagecanenhancetheimpactofthesentenceandmakeitmoreengagingforthereader.ExpressivelanguageNounscanbeusedincombinationwithotherwordstocreatecompoundnounsthatexpressanewconceptoridea,suchas"eyeglasses"or"keyboard."Complementarylanguagecanhelptoexpandvocabularyandincreaseunderstandingofnewconcepts.Complementarylanguage05ModifiersofnounsCHAPTER修飾名詞前部的詞語Premodifier位于名詞之前，用于描述名詞的性質、特征或狀態(tài)。例如，“greenapple”中的“green”就是一個premodifier，它描述了蘋果的顏色。Premodifier修飾名詞后部的詞語Postmodifiers位于名詞之后，用于補充說明名詞的某些信息。例如，“applepie”中的“pie”就是一個postmodifier，它補充說明了蘋果的用途或形式。Postmodifiers修飾名詞，提供更多信息的詞語Qualifier可以位于名詞前后，用于提供更多關于名詞的信息，幫助讀者更好地理解名詞的含義。例如，“ripeapple”中的“ripe”就是一個qualifier，它提供了蘋果成熟度的信息。Qualifier06SpecialUsesofNounsCHAPTER抽象名詞具體化01在英語中，有些抽象名詞可以通過使用比喻或具體描述的方式，使其變得更加生動和形象。例如，“l(fā)oveisajourney”將愛情比喻為一段旅程，使抽象的情感變得具體可感。抽象名詞實例化02通過添加適當的修飾語或限定詞，可以將抽象名詞具體化為實例。例如，“adaydreamer”將“daydream”具體化為一個人物形象，使其更加生動。抽象名詞具象化03通過使用比喻、擬人等修辭手法，可以將抽象名詞轉化為具體的形象或事物。例如，“timeismoney”將時間比喻為金錢，使抽象的時間概念變得具象化。Concretizationofabstractnouns物質名詞的具體表現物質名詞通常表示一種物質或材料，但在某些情況下，它們也可以表示具體的事物。例如，“iron”可以表示鐵這種物質，也可以表示鐵制的物品，如鐵鍋、鐵錘等。物質名詞的用途物質名詞的具體表現還可以通過其用途來體現。例如，“water”可以表示水這種物質，也可以表示水制成的飲品或用于清潔、灌溉等用途的水。物質名詞的具體形態(tài)物質名詞的具體表現還可以通過其形態(tài)來體現。例如，“snow”可以表示雪這種物質，也可以表示雪花、雪人等具體形態(tài)的事物。Materialnounsrepresentspecificthings010203專有名詞的規(guī)范使用在英語中，專有名詞通常用于表示特定的人、地點、組