2022屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)分類閱讀寫作訓(xùn)練之人與社會

地理

一、七選五

（2021?湖南長郡中學(xué)高三）Veniceissufferingtheworstfloodingthecityhas

experiencedin50years.Thecityis“onitsknees"andVenetianMayorLuigiBrugnaro

tweetedaswatersubmerged（淹沒）muchofthefamoushistoricalcity.

WhilefloodsareanormalpartoflifeinVenice,theyhaveneverhappenedwithsuch

frequencybefore.Expertssaythatclimatechangeislikelytoblame._L_TheVenetiancouncil

votedagainstameasuretofightclimatechangejustafewmomentsbeforetheirchamber（會

議廳）flooded.

Floodingisjustoneofthemanyimpactsfromclimatechangethatisbeingexperienced

withmorefrequencyandgloballythreatensmanyvulnerable（脆弱的）areasandregions.

Thereisathreatthatisnotoftenconsidered.2.Naturalandman-madeheritagesites

throughouttheworldareindangerofbeingdamagedordestroyedbyclimatechange.

3.SomewillbehitbyHooding,likeVenice,othersbyextremeweathereventsorrising

temperatures.Forinstance,GeorgeTown,thecapitaloftheMalaysianstatePenangfaces

risingsealevels,landslidesandmoreseveretyphoons,whileYellowstoneecosysteminthe

westernUnitedStatesfacesmeltingsnows,morefrequentwildfiresandachanging

ecosystem.

Changesintheoceanwillhaveaprofoundimpactonmanyofthesesites.生_Andrising

sealevelsthreatentowashawaymanyoftheworld'sgreatarchaeologicalsites.

Expertssaythatthesolutionstosavingthesesiteswillbevaried,butmanywillbevery

expensive.5.

A.Differentwayscanbeusedtosavethesesites.

B.Climatechangewillimpactthesesitesindifferentways.

C.Itisthedamagefromclimatechangetotheworld'sheritage.

D.Butputtinginplaceprotectivemeasureshasprovendifficult.

E.WarmingwaterthreatenstokillmuchofthecoralintheGreatBarrierReef.

F.Manyheritagesitesonlandarefacingthegreatthreatposedbyglobalwarming.

G.Therefore,theysuggestthatcountriesshouldworktogethertoprotectheritagesites.

二、閱讀理解

A

（2015?山東濟寧市?高二期中）Forcenturies,Polandhasbeenabridgebetween

WesternandEasternEurope.Polandisroughlysquare.It'sborderedbytheBalticSeatothe

northwest,byGermanytothewest,theCzechandSlovakrepublicstothesouthandUkraine,

LithuaniaandRussiatotheeast.Theflatcentralbeltisthemainagriculturalarea,wateredby

Poland'slongestriver,theVistula,whichrunstowardsthenorth,drainingintotheBalticSea.

Overthepastdecade,Polandhasdevelopedintoamodernandprogressivecountry.Yet

atthesametimeitmaintainsitstraditionalculture.TherearetwomajorcitiesinPolandyou

shouldknowaboutKrakowandWarsaw.Astheroyalcapitalforhalfamillennium（——千年），

KrakowabsorbedmoreofPoland'shistorythanandothercityinthecountry.AsPoland's

mostpopulartouristdestination,aswellasanarchitecturalandculturalgem（珍寶），thecity

camethroughWWIIuntouched,whichisacityalivewithcharacterandsoul.InJuly,there

arenumerousfestivalsheld,fromstreettheatretojazz.

Warsawisapostwarcity,whosehandfulofhistoricareashavebeenreconstructed.But

mostofitsurbanlandscapeismodern.Withanintriguing（弓I入月生的）mixofoldandnew,

theRoyalCastleinWarsawwastheseatofkingsfromthe17thcenturyon.Totallydestroyed

duringWWII,thecastlewasrestoredduringthe1970s.

Anothermuseumworthyofmentioningisthewar-relatedAuschwitzMuseum.It

definitelyremindsyouofthePolishJews,whosepresencediedduetotheHitleriteHolocaust.

Turbulenthistoryhasreducedmanyofthedefensivecastlesandstatelypalacesinto

ruins.Someofthem,however,havebeensparedandtodaycarefullyrestored,whichenchants

uswiththeirbeauty.

SituatedinthesouthofPoland'sharborcityGdansk,MalborkCastleisreputedly

Europe'slargestGothiccastle.It'soneofPoland'soldestandasplendidexampleofaclassic

medievalfortress（要塞），withmultipledefensivewalls.In1997,thecastlewasincludedon

UNESCO'sWorldHeritage（遺產(chǎn)）list.

PolishculturehasbeenconnectedwiththewesternworldsincetheMiddleAges.People

worldwideareinterestedinitsmusic,film,literatureandsfinearts.Musicisasignificantpart

ofPolishculture.PolandisalsothehomelandofmanyNobelPrizewinners,forexample,

HenrykSienkiewicz,WladyslawReymont,MariaCurie,etc.

BesidesChristmasandEaster,themostimportantdayinaPole'slifeisthe4nameday9,

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inhonorofthepatronsaint（圣人）afterwhomthepersonisnamed.Polescelebratetheirname

dayathome,sometimesinrestaurants,andoccasionallyafterwork.

Polandisacountryofkindandhospitablepeoplewhoenjoyandrespecttheircustoms.

Inspiteofitsturbulenthistory,Poleshavemaintainedadistinctsenseofcultureand

community.Polandisdefinitelyafascinatingdestination!

6.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisright?

A.GermanyistotheeastofPoland

B.LithuaniaistothenorthofPoland

C.SlovakistothesouthofPoland

D.UkraineistothewestofPoland

7.ComparedtothecityofWarsaw,Krakowismore.

A.modemB.traditional

C.attractiveD.beautiful

8.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A.NamedayisanimportantdaycelebratedonlyinPoland

B.PolandisthecentreofEuropeanculturesandhistory

C.MalborkCastleisthelargestGothiccastle

D.Polandusedtobeawar-strickedcountry

9.Whodoyouthinkthisarticleisinterestedfor

A.StudentsofPolandB.Adults

C.PotentialforeigntravelersD.Researchers

B

（2019?全國高二課時練習(xí)）Manchesteristhe"capital"ofthenorthwestof

England.SituatedontheeastbankoftheRiverIrwell,itisalivelybusycitywithalarge

studentpopulation.Althoughitwasonceseenasonlyadullindustrialplace,inrecentyears

Manchesterhasbecomethe"in"place.Itiswell-knownforitsclubs,itsfashionanditsmusic,

nottomentionitsworld-famousfootballteam,ManchesterUnited.

ThereisplentytoseeinManchesterandsomethingtosuitalltaste.Forexample,you

haveatastefortheOrientinChinatown,hometoManchester'slargeChinesepopulation.

AnotherplacetovisitisthehistoricalCastlefieldarea,whichcontainsthefirsturbanheritage

parkinBritain.Hereyoucanwalkaroundthemuseumsandexperiencetheatmosphereofthe

19thcentury'sManchester.

Footballfansneednotfeelleftout;theycanalwaysmakeatriptotheOldTrafford

ManchesterUnitedMuseumwhichalsocontainsacoffeeshopandasouvenirshop.

Ifseasytofindyourwayaroundthecitycenterandyou'renevertoofarawayfroma

bus,whichwilltakeyouwhereveryouwanttogo.However,manypeoplepreferwalkingin

thecitywherethere'ssomuchtosee,andmuchofitisoffthemaintravellines.

Ifyougettiredofallthatwalking,youcanrefreshyourselfatoneofthemanycafebars

inthecity.There9sawidevarietyofhomelyandold-fashionedones.

Whateveryoudo,youwon'thaveadullmomentintheplacewhichwasawardedthe

titleof“themostinterestingcityinEurope”.Despiteitsunpopularindustrialimageinthe

past,Manchesterisbecomingmoreandmorepopularasatouristdestinationnowadays.

10.Accordingtothepassage,Manchesteris.

A.abigcityinthesouthwestofEnglandB.onlyknownforitsheavyindustry

C.interestingonlyifyoulikefootballD.averypopularplacenow

11.Ifyouareinterestedinhistory,inManchester.

A.youwillseethe18thcentury'scenterbuilding

B.youcangotoChinatown

C.youdon'thaveabigchoice

D.youcanvisittheCastlefield

12.WhatwasManchesterlikeinthepast?

A.Asmallanddullcity.B.Acityfulloffactories.

C.Anexcitingcitytovisit.D.Apopulartouristdestination.

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“its"inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Europe's.B.Tourism's.C.ManchesterD.Industry's.

C

（2021?原陽縣第三高級中學(xué)高三月考）It，shardtoimaginethatjust25yearsago,

Berlinwasacitysplit（分開）intotwobytheBerlinWall.Tilneverforgethowpeoplewere

excitedastheBerlinWallcamedownin1989.Sincethen,Berlinhasbecomeoneofthe

coolestcitiesinEurope.HerearethemainreasonswhyIthinkBerliniscool.

It'saffordable.Berlinhascheaphotelsandeverydayobjects.Youdon'thavetoworry

aboutspendingtoomuchmoneywhenvisitingBerlin.

Ithasfantasticfestivals.Berlinknowshowtogiveparties,andthereisafestivalhere

everymonthoftheyear.PerhapsthemostfamousistheBerlinInternationalFilmFestival.

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Ithasgreatarchitecture(建筑設(shè)it).Berlinhasbeautifularchitectureofitsown.The

BrandenburgGate,builtinthe18thcentury,isoneofthecity,smostfamousbuildings,

symbolizingmorethan200yearsofhistory.TheTVTowerisasgoodastheEiffelTowerin

ParisandtheLondonEye.

Theartsceneisflourishing(繁榮).Berlinisacityoflivingart.Artistsareallowedto

createworksofartonthesidesofbuildings.

IfyouwanttovisitanaffordableEuropeancitywithcultureandlotsofcolors,Berlinis

theplacetobe.Whatareyouwaitingfor?GettoEurope'scoolestcitybeforeeveryoneelse

discoversit.

14.Theunderlinedword“affordable“inParagraph2means""inChinese.

A.可利用的B.可觸及的

C.付得起的D.用得住的

15.HowoftenisthereafestivalinBerlin?

A.Onceaweek.B.Twiceaweek.

C.Onceamonth.D.Twiceamonth.

16.What'stheTVTowerfamousforaccordingtothepassage?

A.Itscolor.B.Itshistory.

C.Itslocation.D.Itsarchitecture.

17.WhatdoesthewriterthinkofBerlin?

A.Hecan'tstandit.B.Hethinksit'sboring.

C.Hedoesn'tmindit.D.Hethinksit'scool.

三、語法填空

(2022?吉林長春?)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確

形式。

Covering7millionsquarekilometersofjungleandriverovereightcountries,the

AmazonRainforestishometomillionsofsortsofplantsandanimals,someof18.arestill

beingdiscoveredtoday.Itfsalsotheworld's19.(large)supplierofoxygenandisatreasure

chestformedical20.(researcher)whoareexperimentingwithdifferentplantsinhopesof

findingcuresforcertaindiseases.2L_,theworldisatriskoflosingthisrichrainforestbecause

ofdeforestation(濫伐森林)22.(cause)bytheactionsoffarmers,loggersandsettlers.

TheAmazonBasin23.(lose)20%ofitsrainforestsince1970.Cattlefarmershave

24.(continuous)clearedthelandforcows25.(eat)onandcropfarmershavebegun“slash

andburn^^(刀耕火種),afarmingmethodthatinvolvescuttingdownforestsandburningthe

landtomake26.suitableforagriculturalpurpose.Loggershavebeencuttingdownthetrees

fortimber(木材)，furtherdecreasingitssize.

WiththedestructionoftheAmazonRainforest,globalwarmingbecomesmoreofa

threat.Itisuptoeachindividualtofightagainstthe27.(disappear)oftheAmazonbymaking

theworldknowsomethingaboutthisenvironmentaldisaster.

四、提綱類作文

假如你是李華，請你根據(jù)以下要點寫一篇80詞左右的英語演講稿，向同學(xué)們介紹

我國1999年入選《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》的武夷山，并向校英文報投稿。內(nèi)容要點如下：

1.地處中國福建省西北部；

2.特色(生物多樣性，丹霞地貌)；

3.是許多瀕危動物的棲息地，也是我國的避暑勝地。

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參考答案

一、七選五

DCBEG

這是一篇說明文。氣候劇變威脅著全球各地的歷史文化遺址。拯救刻不容緩。

1.根據(jù)前文“Expertssaythatclimatechangeislikelytoblame.”（專家說氣候變化可能是罪魁禍

首。）可知，此處是指應(yīng)采取措施應(yīng)對氣候變化，根據(jù)后文“TheVenetiancouncilvotedagainst

ameasuretofightclimatechangejustafewmomentsbeforeIheirchamber（會議廳）flooded."（就

在他們的會議廳被淹沒的前幾分鐘，威尼斯議會投票反對一項應(yīng)對氣候變化的措施。）可知，

實施應(yīng)對氣候變化的措施很困難，前后形成轉(zhuǎn)折對應(yīng)選項D中的轉(zhuǎn)折詞buto所以選項D“但

事實證明，落實保護措施是困難的?！鼻泻衔囊?。故選D。

2.根據(jù)前文“Thereisathreatthatisnotoftenconsidered.”（存在一種不常被考慮的威脅。）可知，

選項C中的it是指--種不常被考慮的威脅，根據(jù)后文“Naturalandman-madeheritagesites

throughouttheworldareindangerofbeingdamagedordestroyedbyclimatechange."（全世界的

自然和人造遺產(chǎn)都面臨著被氣候變化破壞的危險。）可知，這就是氣候變化對世界遺產(chǎn)的破

壞，所以選項C“這是氣候變化對世界遺產(chǎn)的破壞?！鼻泻衔囊?。故選C。

3.根據(jù)后文“Somewillbehitbyflooding,likeVenice,othersbyextremeweathereventsorrising

temperatures.”（一些會受到洪水的襲擊，比如威尼斯，另一些則會受到極端天氣或氣溫上升

的影響。）可知，此處是講氣候變化影響世界遺產(chǎn)的方式有很多，所以選項B“氣候變化將以

不同的方式影響這些地點?！鼻泻衔囊?。故選B。

4.根據(jù)前文“Changesintheoceanwillhaveaprofoundimpactonmanyofthesesites.”（海洋的

變化將對其中許多地點產(chǎn)生深遠的影響。）可知，此處是講海洋變化對世界遺產(chǎn)的影響，根

據(jù)后文“Andrisingsealevelsthreatentowashawaymanyoftheworld'sgreatarchaeological

sites.”（海平面上升讓世界上許多偉大的考古遺址面臨被沖走的威脅。）可知，此處是舉例說

明，所以選項E“變暖的海水威脅著大堡礁的大部分珊瑚。”切合文意。故選E。

5.根據(jù)前文“Expertssaythatthesolutionstosavingthesesiteswillbevaried,butmanywillbe

veryexpensive.”（專家們說，拯救這些地方的方法多種多樣，但其中很多都非常昂貴。）可知，

此處是指專家們認為拯救這些地方的方法費用昂貴，所以各個國家應(yīng)該團結(jié)起來保護世界遺

產(chǎn)，所以選項G“因此，他們建議各國應(yīng)共同努力保護遺產(chǎn)地?！鼻泻衔囊?。故選G。

二、閱讀理解

A篇：CBDC

這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了波蘭的兩個重要的城市，及一些值得參觀的地方。

6.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中"It'sborderedbytheBalticSeatothenorthwest,byGermanyto

thewest,theCzechandSlovakrepublicstothesouthandUkraine,LithuaniaandRussiatothe

east.”（它的西北部與波羅的海接壤，西面是德國，南面是捷克和斯洛伐克共和國，東面是

烏克蘭、立陶宛和俄羅斯。）可知，斯洛伐克語在波蘭的南部，故選C。

7.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Astheroyalcapitalforhalfamillennium（一千年）,Krakow

absorbedmoreofPoland（shistorythanandothercityinthecountry."（作為半個世紀的皇家資本

（一千年）,波蘭克拉科夫吸收更多的歷史比和其他的城市國家。）和第三段“Warsawisa

postwarcity,whosehandfulofhistoricareashavebeenreconstructed.Butmostof

itsurbanlandscapeismodem.”（華沙是一座戰(zhàn)后城市，其少數(shù)歷史遺跡已被重建。但它的大

部分城市景觀都是現(xiàn)代的。）可知，和現(xiàn)代的華沙相比，克拉科夫更傳統(tǒng)，故選B。

8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Anothermuseumworthyofmentioningisthewar-related

AuschwitzMuseum.ItdefinitelyremindsyouofthePolishJews,whosepresencediedduetothe

HitleriteHolocaust."（另一個值得一提的博物館是與戰(zhàn)爭有關(guān)的奧斯維辛博物館。這肯定會

讓你想起波蘭猶太人，他們因為希特勒的大屠殺而死去。）可知，波蘭曾是一個飽受戰(zhàn)爭蹂

蹣的國家，故選D。

9.推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，這是一篇介紹波蘭的文章，主要內(nèi)容有波蘭兩個重要的城

市，及一些值得參觀的地方，故這篇文章應(yīng)該是為對波蘭感興趣的游客準備的，故選C。

B篇：DDBC

本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了曼徹斯特這個城市的歷史與現(xiàn)狀。以前那個沉悶無趣的工

業(yè)城市，如今己經(jīng)大不一樣了，它已經(jīng)成為一個集俱樂部、時裝、音樂、足球等為一體的時

尚都市。

1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的"inrecentyearsManchesterhasbecomethe'in'place.Itis

well-knownforitsclubs,itsfashionanditsmusic,nottomentionitsworld-famousfootballteam,

ManchesterUnited”（曼徹斯特如今己經(jīng)變成時尚之都，以其俱樂部、時裝、音樂等聞名于世,

還有世界著名的足球隊——曼聯(lián)。）由此可推知，曼徹斯特現(xiàn)在是一個非常受人歡迎的地方。

故選D。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“AnotherplacetovisitisthehistoricalCastlefieldarea”（另

一個可以參觀的地方是歷史悠久的城堡地區(qū)）可知，Castlefield是一座歷史名城，故對歷史

感興趣的人可以去那里參觀。故選D。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的"itwasonceseenasonlyadullindustrialplace”（它曾被視

為一一個沉悶的工業(yè)場所）和最后一段中的“itsunpopularindustrialimageinthepast"（它過去

不受歡迎的工業(yè)形象）可知，曼徹斯特過去是一個有很多工廠的城市。故選B。

4.詞義猜測題。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“Despiteitsunpopularindustrialimageinthepast”是介

賓短語，主語是Manchester。盡管曼徹斯特以前是一個工業(yè)城市，但是，曼徹斯特如今正在

作為一個旅游目的地而變得越來越受歡迎。形容詞性物主代詞指代的是曼徹斯特的，故選C?

C篇：CCDD

本文是一篇人文地理類閱讀，文章主要介紹了柏林很酷的原因。

14.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)下文“Berlinhaschewhotelsandeverydayobjects.Youdon'thaveto

worryaboutspendingtoomuchmoneywhenvisitingBerlin.（柏林有廉價的酒店和日常用品。

你去柏林時不必擔(dān)心花太多的錢。）”和文章最后一段“Ifyouwanttovisitanaffordable

Europeancitywithcultureandlotsofcolors,Berlinistheplacetobe."如果你想去一個經(jīng)濟實

惠、有文化、色彩豐富的歐洲城市，柏林是你的不二之選。可知"affordable”意為付得起的。

故選C。

15.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Berlinknowshowtogiveparties,andthereisafestivalhereevery

monthoftheyear.”柏林知道如何舉辦派對，這里每年每個月都有節(jié)日?？芍亓置吭露加幸?/p>

個節(jié)日。故選C。

16.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Ithasgreatarchitecture.TheTVTowerisasgoodastheEiffel

TowerinParisandtheLondonEye”它有偉大的建筑。電視塔和巴黎的埃菲爾鐵塔和倫敦眼一

樣好?？芍@里主要指建筑風(fēng)格。故選D。

17.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“HerearethemainreasonswhyIthinkBerliniscool.”以下是我認

為柏林很酷的主要原因。可知作者認為柏林很酷。故選D。

三、語法填空

18.Which19.Largest20.researchers21.However22.caused

23.haslost24.continuously25.toeat26.it27.disappearance

這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了亞馬遜雨林的重要性以及面臨的破壞問題。

18.考查定語從句。句意：亞馬遜雨林覆蓋了8個國家700萬平方公里的叢林和河流，是數(shù)

百萬種動植物的家園，其中一些動植物至今仍在被發(fā)現(xiàn)。此處為“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)非限

制性定語從句修飾先行詞plantsandanimals,作介詞的賓語，指物，故用關(guān)系代詞which。

故填whicho

19.考查最高級。句意：它也是世界上最大的氧氣供應(yīng)商，也是醫(yī)學(xué)研究人員的寶庫，他們

用不同的植物進行試驗，希望找到治療某些疾病的方法。根據(jù)上文theworld's以及句意“最

大的''可知應(yīng)填最高級largest,故填largest,

20.考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：它也是世界上最大的氧氣供應(yīng)商，也是醫(yī)學(xué)研究人員的寶庫，他

們用不同的植物進行試驗，希望找到治療某些疾病的方法。researcher為可數(shù)名詞，前文沒

有冠詞表示數(shù)量大于一應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填researchers。

21.考查副詞。句意：然而，由于農(nóng)民、伐木工和定居者的行為導(dǎo)致森林砍伐，世界正面臨

失去這