第二課時(shí)UsinglanguageⅠ.詞匯初探1．worthwhileadj.值得做的；有價(jià)值的；有用的→worthadj.值……錢(qián)；相當(dāng)于……的價(jià)值→worthyadj.有價(jià)值的；值得……的；可敬的2．blanketn.毯子；毛毯3．cucumbern.黃瓜4．enthusiasticadj.熱情的；熱心的→enthusiasmn.熱情；熱心5．upsetadj.心煩意亂的；不安的vt.使不安；使心煩→upset/upset/upsetting(過(guò)去式/過(guò)去分詞/現(xiàn)在分詞)6．electvt.選舉；推選→electionn.選擇；選舉Ⅱ.短語(yǔ)互譯1．充分地；盡可能地to_the_full/fullest2．由……組成be_made_up_of3．起起伏伏ups_and_downs4．對(duì)……有影響have_an_effect_on5．lendsb.anear傾聽(tīng)6．cheersb.up使……振作起來(lái)7．eacross偶遇8．contributeto對(duì)……做出貢獻(xiàn)Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句式1．Withlifebeingmadeupofupsanddowns,itisnotalwayseasyto_maintainagoodandenthusiasticattitude.(P18)生活是由起起落落組成的，要保持一種良好而熱情的態(tài)度并不總是容易的。2．Lookingonthebrightsideisthebestthingthatwecandoforourselvesaswellasforothers.(P18)看到光明的一面是我們能為自己和他人做的最好的事情。3．Whydon'tyoutellmewhat's_up？(P19)你為什么不告訴我出什么事了？Ⅳ.語(yǔ)法初探——單句語(yǔ)法填空1.(2019·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Scientistshaverespondedbynoting(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements.2.(2019·浙江卷)Butsomestudentsdidn'twantto_wear(wear)theuniform.3.(2018·天津)Ididn'tmeanto_eat(eat)anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn'thelptrying(try)it.4．Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore,hecangoshoppingwithoutbeing_recognized(recognize)．5．It'squitehottoday.Doyoufeellikegoing(go)foraswim?1eq\a\vs4\al(worthwhileadj.值得做的，有價(jià)值的，有用的)[教材原句]Eventhoughbeingascouthasitschallenges,Ifeelitisworthwhile.(P17)盡管當(dāng)童子軍有挑戰(zhàn)，但我覺(jué)得這是值得的。eg.However,theeveningmakesitallworthwhile.然而這個(gè)傍晚讓這一切都是值得的。[歸納拓展]eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(1It'sworthwhiledoingsth.,It'sworthwhiletodosth.))值得做某事(2)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(beworth＋n.值得……,bewellworthdoingsth.很值得做某事))(3)theworthof……的價(jià)值[名師點(diǎn)津]worth一般只作表語(yǔ)，需用程度副詞well修飾，不可用very修飾；而worthwhile既可作表語(yǔ)又可作定語(yǔ)。[即時(shí)鞏固]完成句子/單句語(yǔ)法填空①I(mǎi)tisworthwhilevisiting/to_visitthebeautifulWestLake.參觀美麗的西湖是值得的。②Thecoinisofhighqualityandworthcollecting(collect)．2eq\a\vs4\al(effectn.結(jié)果；效力)[教材原句]Agoodattitudecanhaveapositiveeffectonotherpeople.(P18)一個(gè)好的態(tài)度會(huì)對(duì)別人產(chǎn)生積極的影響。eg.Themedicinealsohasapositiveeffecton/upontheheartandthebloodflow.這種藥對(duì)心臟和血液流動(dòng)也有積極的影響。[歸納拓展](1)haveaneffecton/upon對(duì)……有效；對(duì)……產(chǎn)生影響put/bringoeffect實(shí)施；實(shí)行；使生效eintoeffect/takeeffect(法律、規(guī)則或制度)生效；實(shí)施ofnoeffect沒(méi)有效果的；沒(méi)有影響的sideeffect副作用(2)effectiveadj.有效的；實(shí)際的[即時(shí)鞏固]完成句子/單句語(yǔ)法填空①I(mǎi)t'sreportedthatthisregulationwille_into_effectfromSeptember1,2021.據(jù)報(bào)道本章程自2021年9月1日起生效。②Thechangesinourpopulationwillhavelastingeffectson/uponoursocialdevelopmentandourwayoflife.③Oneofthemosteffective(effect)waystoreducestressistotalkaboutfeelingswithsomeoneyoutrust.eq\o(\s\up1(3),\s\do5())upsetadj.心煩意亂的；煩惱的vt.使不安；使心煩upset，upset，upsetting[教材原句]Whyareyousoupset？(P19)你為什么這么難過(guò)？[歸納拓展](1)beupsetabout/over/atsth.為某事煩心beupsettodosth.對(duì)做某事感到不安/難過(guò)beupsetthat...……讓人不安(2)upsetoneselfaboutsth.為某事而煩惱Itupsetssb.todosth./that...讓某人心煩的是……[即時(shí)鞏固]完成句子/單句語(yǔ)法填空①I(mǎi)t_upsets_me_tothinkofherallaloneinthatbighouse.想到她孤身一人守著那所大房子，我就感到不舒服。②Inmyopinion，thereisnopointbeingupsetabout/over/atit.③Hestoodupsuddenly,upsetting(upset)aglassofwine.④Shewasupsetto_know(know)thatherapplicationforthepositionwasrefused.[熟詞生義]①I(mǎi)upsetacupofcoffeeonhisshirt，makingmequiteembarrassed.(vt.打翻)②Allmyplanswereupsetbythesuddenchangeintheweather.(vt.打亂)1eq\a\vs4\al(bemadeupof構(gòu)成；組成)[教材原句]Withlifebeingmadeupofupsanddowns,itisnotalwayseasytomaintainagoodandenthusiasticattitude.(P18)生活是由起起落落組成的，要保持一種良好而熱情的態(tài)度并不總是容易的。[歸納拓展]makeup組成；編造；化妝；彌補(bǔ)；和好makeupfor彌補(bǔ)……bemadeof/from由……制成bemadeinto把……制成bemadeoutof由……制成bemadein(某物)產(chǎn)于某地makeit獲得成功；準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)makeout看清；分清；辨認(rèn)清楚[即時(shí)鞏固](1)寫(xiě)出下列句中makeup的漢語(yǔ)意思①Thequarrelwasonlyaboutatrivialmatter,butitwasyearsbeforetheymadeitup.講和；和好②TheteacheraskedthechildrentomakeupapoemaboutChristmas.編造③Somehowthepanyhasgottomakeupforallthetimewe'velost.彌補(bǔ)；償還④Whenshegoesouttovisitfriends,sheisverymuchmadeup.化妝；打扮⑤Leavethisnoticehangingonyourdoor,askingtheservanttomakeupyourroom.鋪床；整理(2)完成句子①Lifeismade_up_oftinytrifles.生活是由瑣碎的事構(gòu)成的。②Don'tmake_up_anyexcuseanymoreforyouringlate.不要再為你來(lái)晚了編造任何理由了。2eq\a\vs4\al(passon傳遞；繼續(xù)前進(jìn))[教材原句]Remember,yourattitudeiscontagious,somakesureyoupassonagoodone！(P18)記住，你的態(tài)度是有感染力的，所以一定要傳遞好的態(tài)度！eg.Pleasepassonthemessagetoasmanypeopleaspossible.請(qǐng)將這個(gè)消息傳遞給盡可能多的人。[歸納拓展]passaway消失；去世passby(時(shí)間)逝去pass...down(fromsb.)tosb.把……傳給……；把……往下傳pass...onto傳遞pass...offas...(某人)冒充成……passout暈倒passthrough經(jīng)歷；體驗(yàn)passover忽略；省略[即時(shí)鞏固]完成句子①Attheparty,shepassedherselfoffasanexperiencedactresswhichislaughedbyothers.在晚會(huì)上，她冒充有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的演員，別人都嘲笑她。②Inearlypassed_outwhenIsawalltheblood.看到那么多血，我差點(diǎn)暈了過(guò)去。3eq\a\vs4\al(eacross偶然遇見(jiàn)；碰見(jiàn))[教材原句]TodayIcameacrossmyfriendDawei.(P19)今天我遇到了我的朋友大偉。eg.Whilecleaningthehouseyesterday,Icameacrossanoldphotographofmymother.在打掃房屋時(shí)，我偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一張媽媽的舊照片。[歸納拓展]eabout發(fā)生eon快點(diǎn)；加油；得了吧eout出現(xiàn)；開(kāi)花；發(fā)行；發(fā)表eup(問(wèn)題、計(jì)劃等)被提及；升起；長(zhǎng)出地面eupwith提出eto共計(jì)；達(dá)到；被想出[即時(shí)鞏固]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Asolutioncameupattheendofthemeeting.②Whenhecameacrossanewword,hewouldoftenlookitupinthedictionaryandfindoutitsexactmeaning.③Howdiditeaboutthatheknewwherewewere?④Itsuddenlycametoherthatshehadbeenwrongallalong.4eq\a\vs4\al(contributeto有助于，促成，為……做貢獻(xiàn))[教材原句]Youfeelannoyedbecauseagroupmemberdoesn'twanttocontributetoyourgroup'swork.(P19)你感到惱火是因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)小組成員不想為你的小組工作做貢獻(xiàn)。[歸納拓展](1)contributev．促成；捐獻(xiàn)，捐助；撰稿contribute...to/towards...向……捐獻(xiàn)……；向……投稿contributeideas/money/anarticle出主意/捐錢(qián)/投稿(2)contributionn.貢獻(xiàn)makeacontributionto/makecontributionsto對(duì)……做出貢獻(xiàn)[即時(shí)鞏固]完成句子/單句語(yǔ)法填空①Volunteeror,ifyoucan，contributealittlemoneytoacause.做志愿者或者如果可以的話(huà)，給某個(gè)事業(yè)捐點(diǎn)兒錢(qián)。②Medicalnegligencewassaidtohavecontributedtoherdeath.③Thescientistwasrewardedbythegovernmentforhavingmadesuchagreatcontribution(contribute)tothecountry.④Theirinventionshavecontributedtodeveloping(develop)electricalengineering.eq\o(\s\up1(1),\s\do5())Withlifebeingmadeupofupsanddowns，itisnotalwayseasytomaintainagoodandenthusiasticattitude.P18生活是由起起落落組成的，要保持一種良好而熱情的態(tài)度并不總是容易的。[句式分析]句中Withlifebeingmadeupofupsanddowns屬于“with＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)常作原因、條件、時(shí)間、方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)，也可作后置定語(yǔ)。[歸納拓展]with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可細(xì)化為以下幾個(gè)情景：(1)with＋名詞/代詞＋形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)。(2)with＋賓語(yǔ)＋todo。不定式和賓語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。(3)with＋賓語(yǔ)＋done。過(guò)去分詞和賓語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。(4)with＋賓語(yǔ)＋doing。賓語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞-ing之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，動(dòng)詞-ing所表示的動(dòng)作和主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。[即時(shí)鞏固]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Withourinesincreasing,moreandmoreofushaveprivatecars.②Witheverythingheneededbought(buy),heleftthestore.③Withsomanypeoplemunicating(municate)inEnglisheveryday,itwillbeemoreandmoreimportanttohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish.④Ican'tgooutwithalltheseclothesto_wash(wash)．eq\o(\s\up1(2),\s\do5())Lookingonthebrightsideisthebestthingthatwecandoforourselvesaswellasforothers.P18看到光明的一面是我們能為自己和他人做的最好的事情。[句式分析]aswellas也；既……又……；不但……而且……；和……一樣好[歸納拓展]aswellas的用法：(1)用作連詞，連接兩個(gè)相同的成分，如名詞、形容詞等，通常不位于句首，相當(dāng)于notonly。當(dāng)aswellas連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須和aswellas前面的主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致(即與比較遠(yuǎn)的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)“就遠(yuǎn)原則”)。類(lèi)似的詞還有togetherwith,alongwith,with,besides,but,except,including,ratherthan等。(2)用作介詞，相當(dāng)于besides,inadditionto，意為“除……之外(還有……)”，后面通常接名詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式。may/might(just)aswelldo...表示委婉的建議，一般是針對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)的情況提出另外的提議，意為“不妨……，還是……吧”。[即時(shí)鞏固]完成句子/單句語(yǔ)法填空①Shecansing；shecanplaythepianoas_well.她會(huì)唱歌，她也會(huì)彈鋼琴。②Theteacheraswellashisstudentswas(be)interestedinthefilm.③Thedeadlineoftheprojectisnear，sowemightaswellget(get)somehelp.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)一、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)1．下列動(dòng)詞只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)牢記下面的口訣：決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望；拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃；同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫。decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish;refuse，manage，care，pretend;offer，promise，choose，plan；agree，ask/beg，help。Weagreedtomeetattheschoolgate.我們一致同意在校門(mén)口見(jiàn)面。ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.當(dāng)我經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)，她假裝沒(méi)看見(jiàn)我。此外，afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等也要用不定式作賓語(yǔ)。2．形式賓語(yǔ)it:在某些動(dòng)詞如find,think,consider,feel,make,believe后，常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，然后加賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，最后加不定式作真正的賓語(yǔ)。即“主語(yǔ)＋consider/think/find/feel/make/believe＋it＋adj./n.＋todosth.”。Wethinkitourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.我們認(rèn)為保護(hù)環(huán)境是我們的責(zé)任。3．可接“疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：teach,decide,wonder,show,learn,consider,know等。Haveyoudecidedwheretospendyourholiday?你決定去哪兒度假了嗎？二、動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)1．下列動(dòng)詞或詞組只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)牢記下面的口訣：考慮建議盼原諒；承認(rèn)推遲沒(méi)得想。避免錯(cuò)過(guò)繼續(xù)練；否認(rèn)完成就欣賞。禁止想象才冒險(xiǎn)；不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡。consider，suggest/advise，lookforwardto，excuse/pardon;admit，delay/putoff，fancy;avoid，miss，keep/keepon，practice/practise;deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate;forbid，imagine，risk;can'thelp，mind，allow/permit，escape。Iwouldappreciateyourcallingbackthisafternoon.我對(duì)你今天下午回表示感謝。Thesquirrelsweresoluckythattheyjustmissedbeingcaught.松鼠們很幸運(yùn)沒(méi)有被抓住。2．beused/accustomedto，leadto，devoteto，gobackto，stickto，objectto，getdownto，payattentionto，can'tstand(無(wú)法忍受)，giveup，feellike，insiston，thank...for，apologizefor，bebusy(in)，havedifficulty/trouble(in)，haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)，spendtime(in)等短語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞詞組后也要用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。Heisusedtogettingupearly.他習(xí)慣了很早起床。Heartfailurecansometimesleadtobeingkilled.心力衰竭有時(shí)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致死亡。三、下列動(dòng)詞或詞組既可以跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，也可以跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但意義上有區(qū)別，要特別注意：forgeteq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.忘記要做某事,doingsth.忘記已經(jīng)做過(guò)某事))regreteq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.對(duì)即將做的事表示遺憾未做,doingsth.對(duì)做過(guò)的事表示后悔已做))tryeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.盡力去做某事,doingsth.試著做某事))gooneq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.繼續(xù)做另一件事,doingsth.繼續(xù)做原來(lái)在做的事))remembereq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.記著去做某事未做,doingsth.記著做了某事已做))meaneq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.打算做某事,doingsth.意味著做某事))Raisingsalarymeansincreasingpurchasingpower.漲工資意味著提高購(gòu)買(mǎi)力。Hedidn'tmeantohurtyou.他并沒(méi)有打算傷害你。Don'tforgettolockthedoor.別忘了鎖門(mén)。Irememberpostingtheletters.我記得寄過(guò)信了。四、need,demand,want,require等在表示“需要”時(shí)，用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)，或用不定式的被動(dòng)形式，但動(dòng)名詞形式更常見(jiàn)。Thewallneedstobepainted.＝Thewallneedspainting.墻壁需要粉刷了。五、接不定式/動(dòng)名詞且意義差別不大的動(dòng)詞1．表示“愛(ài)憎喜惡”的情感類(lèi)動(dòng)詞hate,love,like,prefer等動(dòng)詞后接不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，意義雖相同，內(nèi)涵卻有些區(qū)別——接不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，多表示一次性的、具體的動(dòng)作；接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，多表示習(xí)慣性的、一般性的動(dòng)作。如：Theypreferstayingindoorswhenitiscold.天冷時(shí)他們喜歡待在屋里。Wouldyouprefertostayathomethisevening?今晚你想待在家里嗎？2．begin,start,continue等少數(shù)幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)意義差別不大。如：Tombegantolearn/learninghowtouseaputer.湯姆開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)如何使用電腦。[即時(shí)鞏固]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskofdying(die)earlybyrunning.2．Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoidlooking(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeelchallenged.3．Istillremembervisiting(visit)afriendwho'dlivedhereforfiveyearsandIwasshockedwhenIlearntshehadn'tcookedonceinallthattime.4．Fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt;byeating(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.5．Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-termresting(rest)．6．Still,theboykeptriding(ride)．7．Theymanagedto_finish(finish)theworkontime.8．Headmittedhaving_stolen(steal)themoneyinthesafe.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Wecan'taffordto_goonvacationthisyear.今年我們沒(méi)錢(qián)去度假。2．Thedoctoradvisedtakingmoreexercise.醫(yī)生建議多鍛煉。3．It'stimeIgotdowntothinkingaboutthatessay.我該認(rèn)真思考一下那篇論文了。4．—Thatwouldmeanwastingalotoflabour.——那將意味著浪費(fèi)許多勞動(dòng)力?！猂eally?Idon'tmeanto_wasteanylabour.——是嗎？我并沒(méi)有打算浪費(fèi)勞動(dòng)力。5．Hedecidedto_go_abroadforfurthereducation.他決定去國(guó)外深造。Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(xiě)1．Hethinksitworth