LearningObjectivesBytheendofthisclass,youwillbeableto:1.句子的基本成分S（主語）

V（謂語動(dòng)詞）

O（賓語）P（表語）

A（狀語）

DO（直接賓語）IO（間接賓語）C（賓語補(bǔ)足語）2.簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型·SV

Allofus

laughed!·SVO

I

miss

mygrandma.·SP

Theteacherwaskindandfriendly.·SVIO

DO

He

told

us

afunnystory.·SVOC

I

found

mostofmyclassmatesandteachers

friendlyandhelpful.·SVA

He

talked

toomuch.·SVOA

I

had

myfirstmathsclass

atseniorhighschool.·Therebe…

There’s

alottoexploreatseniorhigh.Elementsofsentences句子成分ElementsofasentenceS---subjectV---verbP---predicativeO---objectAttri.---attributeAdv.---adverbOc---objectcomplement主·謂語動(dòng)詞·表賓補(bǔ)定·狀·賓

Subject是敘述的主體，說明動(dòng)作是“誰，什么”發(fā)出的，一般位于句首。Subject主語1.Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.簡(jiǎn)擅長(zhǎng)彈鋼琴。2.Shewentoutinahurry.她匆匆出去了。3.Fourplusfouriseight.四乘四等于八4.Toseeistobelieve.眼見為實(shí)。5.Smokingisbadforhealth.抽煙對(duì)眼睛有害6.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.年輕人應(yīng)該尊重老年人。7.Whathehassaidistrue.他說的是真的。（名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（不定式）（動(dòng)名詞）

（名詞化的形容詞）（句子）Predicateverb謂語動(dòng)詞（通常稱作謂語)

說明主語的動(dòng)作，放在主語之后,由動(dòng)詞v.充當(dāng)。（英語句子的靈魂）(1)由單一動(dòng)詞V.做謂語動(dòng)詞WeareChinese.Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill.(2)情態(tài)V+V原HecanspeakEnglishwell.(3)助V+VSheistalkingwithhersister.Ihaveseen

thismanbefore.謂語VS謂語動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞

＋

謂語動(dòng)詞后的其他成分

=謂語Sheissingingasong.HecanspeakEnglishfluently.Ihaveseenthismanbefore.謂語動(dòng)詞：主語的動(dòng)作謂語：主語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)？主謂要一致ＳＶ（不及物動(dòng)詞）1.Time2.Themoon3.Weall4.They

5.He6.He

7.Theyflies.rose.eat,anddrink.talkedforhalfanhour.walkedyesterday.isplaying.havegone.時(shí)光飛逝月亮升起來（rise）我們所有人都吃喝他們談了半個(gè)小時(shí)他昨天散步了，他正在玩他們走了。Object（賓語）動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者1.Showyourpassport,please.2.Shedidn'tsayanything.3.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.4.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.5.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.6.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.7.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（noun/名詞）(pronoun/代詞）（todo不定式）（Ving動(dòng)名詞）（sentence句子）(名詞化的形容詞)(numeral/數(shù)詞)Object（賓語）動(dòng)賓：及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語

介賓：不及物動(dòng)詞＋介詞＋賓語Heisplayingthepiano.Heoftenhelpsme.HelikesdoingTV.Helikes

towatchTV.Wetalkedaboutweather.object↓

IO（承受者）↓

DO（對(duì)象）●Pleasepassme

thebook.●Heboughthisgirlfriend

someflowers.賓語分為直接賓語(directobject)和間接賓語(indirectobject).直接賓語指物,間接賓語指人.

Hegaveme

somebooks.直物間人ＳＶ（及物）DO（多指人）IO（多指物）1.She2.She3.He4.He5.I6.I7.I8.He

passedcookedbroughtboughtshowedgavetoldshowed

himherhiswifeyouherhimhimmeanewdress.adeliciousmeal.adictionary.nothing.mypictures.ahand.howtorunthemachine.thatthebuswaslate.

表語(predicative):adj.形容詞n.名詞numeral數(shù)詞pp介詞短語在系動(dòng)詞后的部分就是表語,用以說明主語“是什么”“怎么樣”.Thespeechisexciting.

這個(gè)演講怎么樣？——很精彩Theyseem

toknowthetruth.他們?cè)趺礃樱俊坪踔缹?shí)情Timeisprecious.時(shí)間怎么樣？——很珍貴Heisateacher.他是什么？——是個(gè)老師I’m

tiredtoday.我怎么樣？——我要累死了Thatremains

apuzzle.那里怎么樣？——存在疑惑Idon’tfeel

atease.我怎么樣？——我感覺不爽That’s

whyhecamehere.那是什么？——是他來這里的原因。Heiszero.Heisazero.Iamten.Iamaten.狀態(tài)beThedoctorareverypatient.持續(xù)keep,remain,stay,Healwayskeptsilent.像seem,appear,lookHeseems(tobe)verysad.感官feel,smell,sound,tasteThiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.變化become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,runShegrewrichwithinashorttime.終止prove,turnoutHisplanturnedoutasuccess.連系動(dòng)詞（Link-verb）:起連系作用的詞語。ＳL（是系動(dòng)詞）Ｐ(表語)1.This2.Thedinner3.He4.Everything5.He6.Thebook7.Theweather8.Hisface

is狀態(tài)smells感官fell感官looks感官is狀態(tài)is狀態(tài)

became變化turned變化

anEnglishdictionary.good.happy.different.tallandstrong.interesting.warmer.red.Attribute定語

Heisaclever

boy.Hisfatherworksinasteel

worker.Thereare54studentsinourclass.DoyouknowBetty’s

sister?Thereisasleeping

babyinbed.Hisspoken

languageisgood.(形容詞)(名詞)(數(shù)詞)(名詞的所有格)(現(xiàn)在分詞)(過去分詞)Definition：修飾或限定名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或從句boysChineseboysAttribute定語Thegirl

inredishissister.Wehavealotofwork

todo.Thegirl

standingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejust

now?Ihavesomething

totellyou.ThemaninfrontofthegateisMr.Li.定語的位置：名詞前——前置定語名詞后——后置定語狀語Adverbial：修飾V.動(dòng)詞/形容詞adj./副詞adv.或句子，位置靈活，說明“何時(shí),

何地,

如何,為何發(fā)生或

程度\頻率。狀語分為：地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、條件、程度、方式和伴隨等狀語Thisbookisveryinteresting.Theyareplayingontheplaygroundateight.Irunfast/quickly.Johnoftencametochatwithme．Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Suddenly,Iheardthebirdsingasong.Youprobablyknowmorethanyouthink.adv.副詞修飾形容詞表程度介詞短語表地點(diǎn)副詞adv.修飾動(dòng)詞v.表程度adv.副詞修飾v.動(dòng)詞表頻率todo不定式表目的ving表結(jié)果狀語從句表?xiàng)l件副詞修飾全句表方式adv.修飾動(dòng)詞v.表程度賓語補(bǔ)足語(objectcomplement)用來補(bǔ)充說明賓語的情況：“賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”ＳＶ（及物）Ｏ（賓語）Ｃ（賓補(bǔ)）1.We2.They3.They4.We5.He6.I7.I8.theykeeppaintedcallmakesaskedsawmakechoose

thetablethedoorsupperhimhimthemmyselfTrump

clean.形容詞

green.

形容詞

dinner.名詞out.副詞tocomebacksoon.todo

gettingonthebus.

doingheard.doneastheirpresident.介詞短語同位語appositive

對(duì)n.或pron.進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明或進(jìn)一步解釋說明Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthe

game.名詞代詞從句1．Heisveryhappy.A．賓語 B．表語 C．間接賓語 D．主語2．Imademybrothercrylastnight.A．定語 B．狀語 C．謂語 D．賓語3．Hegivesmesomebooks.A．直接賓語 B．謂語 C．間接賓語 D．主語4．Smilingwillmakepeople

thinkyouarefriendly.劃線部分在句中作______。A．定語 B．賓語補(bǔ)足語 C．賓語5．They’retalkingabout

howtotakethatwalldown.劃線部分在句中作________。A．狀語 B．定語 C．賓語6．Doingchoreshelpstodevelopchildren’sindependence.A．狀語 B．表語 C．賓語7．IfeltsoembarrassedthatIlefttheparty.劃線部分作________。A．賓語 B．賓語補(bǔ)足語 C．表語英語句子的靈魂是？謂語動(dòng)詞verbverb1不及物動(dòng)詞verb2單及物動(dòng)詞verb3雙及物動(dòng)詞/授予動(dòng)詞verb4復(fù)雜及物動(dòng)詞verb5非動(dòng)作5大基本句型不及物動(dòng)詞VI：不需要賓語O，就可以獨(dú)立完成的動(dòng)作

S＋

V主

謂He

goesaway.他走了。Theboy

iscrying.這個(gè)小男孩在哭。I

run我跑步。Everysecond

counts.分秒必爭(zhēng)。Thegirl

sleeps.女孩睡覺。Themandied.Thepoorkidraisedbyhisgrandparentssucceded.Herunsquickly.Theylistenedcarefully.Ferminaleft.Astudentisimproving.practice單及物動(dòng)詞

Vt：需要一個(gè)賓語O（動(dòng)作承受者）

I

study

English.我學(xué)習(xí)英語。I

hate

smoking.我討厭抽煙。Theyenjoy

dancing.他們享受跳舞。She

iswriting

aletter.他在寫信。He

knows

thatheiswrong.他知道他錯(cuò)了。S＋

V＋O主

謂

賓Sheboughtanewcar.Iloveherper-so-na-lity.Ferminalosthercon-fi-den-ce.Theyenjoybal-let.Sheneedsanex-pe-ri-ment.practice雙及物動(dòng)詞：需要2個(gè)賓語O（動(dòng)作承受者）

授予動(dòng)詞

You

bought

me

anewdictionary.She

gave

me

anewdress.I

told

him

thesecret.I

sent

them

aletter.授予動(dòng)詞：give,ask,send,teach,tell,buy,offer,provide,supply,pass...S＋

V＋

人IO＋物DO主

謂

間賓

直賓S＋

V＋

人IO＋物DO主

謂

間賓

直賓S＋

V＋物DO＋for/to＋

人IO主

謂

直賓for/to間賓You

bought

me

anewdictionary.She

gave

me

anewdress.I

told

him

thesecret.I

sent

them

aletter.Ibookyouarestaurant.Youboughtadictionaryforme.Shegaveadresstome.Itoldthesecrettohim.Isentalettertothem.Ibookarestaurantforyou.practice我給了她一張教學(xué)卡片（flashcard）。他教了我一些學(xué)習(xí)策略（strategy）。這公司（company）會(huì)給你提供一個(gè)伙伴（partner）。give—gaveteach—taughtprovide/offerIgaveheraflashcard.Hetaughtmesomestudystrategies.Thecompanywillprovide/offeryouapartner.復(fù)雜及物動(dòng)詞：需要1個(gè)賓o,＋補(bǔ)充說明We

keep

thetable

clean.我們保持桌子干凈。You

mademe

happy.你讓我開心。We

thinkyousmart.我認(rèn)為你聰明。Iheard

himsingingasong.我聽見他在唱歌。I

found

mostofstudentsandteachersfriendlyandhelpful.我發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)學(xué)生和老師很友好且有幫助。S＋

V＋O＋C主

謂

賓

賓補(bǔ)S＋

V＋O＋C主

謂

賓

賓補(bǔ)He

makestheworldbetterplace.Iwishyougoodluck.Love

makespeoplestupid.We

keeptheroomclean.Mymother

askedmetodothedishes.He

mademelie.Idon’tmindhimstayingup.Doyouhearsomeonecrying.Icouldn’tmakemyselfunderstood.n.名詞n.名詞adj.形容詞adj.形容詞todo不定式省略to的不定時(shí)vingvingdonepracticeIpaintmyroompink.Ihadmyhaircut.Iseemychildrenexchangingtheiropionions.Shedrivemeannoyed.Ferminaallowsustotakenotes.findtheobjectcomplement.找賓語補(bǔ)足語todo不定式adj.形容詞done動(dòng)詞過去分詞

表被動(dòng)doing動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行adj.形容詞SVOC/SVIODOSVIODOYouboughtme

anewdictionary.SVOCWekeep

thetable

clean.OC轉(zhuǎn)化為主系表Thetableisclean.√IODO轉(zhuǎn)化為主系表Iamanewdictionary.×主謂雙賓

不能＋be轉(zhuǎn)化為

主系表主謂賓補(bǔ)

能夠＋be轉(zhuǎn)化為

主系表SVOC/SVIODOSVIODOYouboughtme

anewdictionary.SVOCWekeep

thetable

clean.OC位置互換Wekeepcleanthetable.×IODO位置互換.Youboughtadictionaryforme.√主謂雙賓

能夠互換位置主謂賓補(bǔ)

不能互換位置practiceIgavehimathousanddollars.Theyfoundthemanhonest.WeelectedLiHuaourmonitor.Mybrothersentmealetterlastmonth.Ifoundthefilminteresting.telltheirsentencestructure.分辨SVOCSVIODOSVOCSVIODOSVOC非動(dòng)作She

isoutgoing.Fermina

looksannoyed.Mr.Yan

looks

frightened.Thecake

tastes

delicious.Iamadesigner.Classtwo

isconfident.practice思考：主謂賓

主系表的區(qū)別S＋

L＋P主

系

表狀態(tài)beThedoctorareverypatient.持續(xù)keep,remain,stay,Healwayskeptsilent.像seem,appear,lookHeseems(tobe)verysad.感官feel,smell,sound,tasteThiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.變化become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,runShegrewrichwithinashorttime.終止prove,turnoutHisplanturnedoutasuccess.連系動(dòng)詞（Link-verb）:起連系作用的詞語。主謂賓：做什么主系表：怎么樣

是什么Miss.Linwasanxious.StudentsinClasstwoarecurious.Ipreparedtheexam.Shoppingonlinebringsusadvantages.SLPSLPSVOSVO謂語動(dòng)詞

verb不及物動(dòng)詞

單及物動(dòng)詞雙及物動(dòng)詞/授予動(dòng)詞復(fù)雜及物動(dòng)詞非動(dòng)作1.SV主謂2.SVO主謂賓3.SVIODO主謂雙賓4.SVOC主謂賓補(bǔ)5.S（L）P主系表6.SVA主謂狀7.SVOA主謂賓狀8.特殊句型1：Therebe存現(xiàn)句狀語：表示時(shí)間

地點(diǎn)

原因

方式

程度等Shesleeps.Shesleepsinthebed.Shesleepsatsix.Shesleepsonthedesk.S＋

V主謂S＋

V＋

A主謂狀狀語：表示時(shí)間

地點(diǎn)

原因

方式

程度等Ihadmyfirstmathclass.Ihadmyfirstmathclassatseniorhighschool.Ihadmyfirstmathclassinthemorning.S＋

V＋O主謂賓S＋

V＋O＋A主謂賓狀Exercise——2Activity1Readthesentencesandanalysethestructures.EXAMPLE：We

laughed.1The100-year-oldschool

lies

inthecentreofthecity.2We

mustact.3Themathshomework

looks

easy.4Theteacher

found

theclassroom

empty.SVSVASVSPSVOCLExercise——2Activity1Readthesentencesandanalysethestructures.EXAMPLE：Welaughed.SV5Mymum

bought

me

anewdictionary.6Tom

islookingforwardto

meetingthenewexchangestudent.7Thereis

anEnglishCorneratourschool.8We

had

chemistry

inthenewlybuiltlab.SSVIODOTherebe...VOSVOA8．Choosethecorrectstructureofthissentence“HegaveBettyanicepresent.”A．S＋V＋O B．S＋V＋I(xiàn)O＋DOC．S＋V＋P D．S＋V＋DO＋OC9．“SusieandIfoundtheboyoverthereveryinteresting”Thesentencestructureis________.A．S+V B．S+V+P C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+DO10．“Ourteachersalwaysmaketheirclasse