中考英語名詞性從句練習(xí)匯報人：XX2024-02-03目錄OverviewofnounclausesSubjectclauseObjectclausePredictiveClauseAppeositiveclauseAnalysisofAdverbialClauseandOtherCompoundSentencePatternsOverviewofnounclauses01Definition:Anounclausereferstoaclausethatfunctionsasanouninasentence,includingasubjectclause,anobjectclause,apredicateclause,andanappositiveclause.Classification:Accordingtothedifferentrolesofclausesinasentence,nounclausescanbedividedintosubjectclauses,objectclauses,predicateclauses,andappositiveclauses.Amongthem,thesubjectclauseisusedasthesubject,theobjectclauseisusedastheobject,thepredicateclauseisusedasthepredicate,andtheappositiveclauseisusedastheappositive,furtherexplainingtheprecedingnouns.DefinitionandclassificationActingassubject:Thesubjectclauseactsasthesubjectinthesentence,servingasthedeclarativeobjectofthesentence.Theconjunctionsthatguidethesubjectclausemainlyinclude"that","what",etc.Actasobject:Objectclausesactasobjectsinasentence,servingasobjectsofverbsorprepositions.Theconjunctionsthatguideobjectclausesmainlyinclude"that","if","what",etc.Actingasapredicate:Apredicateclauseservesasapredicateinasentence,describingorexplainingthesubject.Theconjunctionsthatguidethepredicateclausemainlyinclude"that","what",etc.Actingasanappositive:Anappositiveclauseservesasanappositiveinasentence,providingfurtherexplanationorclarificationoftheprecedingnoun.Theconjunctionsthatguidetheappositiveclausemainlyinclude"that","what","how",etc.FunctioninsentencesThat:Whenintroducingnounclauses,thathasnoactualmeaningandonlyservesasaconnectingfunction.Intheobjectclause,thatcanbeomitted;Butinsubjectclauses,predicateclauses,andappositiveclauses,thatisusuallynotomitted."Which/if:both"which"and"if"canintroducenounclauses,indicating"whetherornot".Whenguidingsubjectclauses,predicateclauses,andappositiveclauses,only'what'canbeused,not'if';Whenguidingobjectclauses,thetwocanbeusedinterchangeably.However,itshouldbenotedthatwhenintroducinganobjectclauseafterapreposition,only'what'canbeused,not'if'.Whwords:Whwordsincludewhat,which,who,who,who,who,etc.Theyallhavetheirownmeaningswhenguidingnounclausesandactascorrespondingcomponentsintheclauses.Forexample,whatrepresents"something/thingof..."andservesasthesubject,object,orpredicateinaclause;Whichmeans"which"andactsasanattributiveinaclause;"Who"means"who"andactsasthesubjectorobjectinaclause.CommonguidewordsandtheirusageSubjectclause02Definition01AsubjectclauseisacompletesensethatfunctionsasthesubjectofanothersenseStructure02Subjectclausestypicallybeginwithasubcoordinatingconnection(suchasthat,which,who,who,who,who,who,who,who,who,who,who,who)andfollowtheverbinthemainclauseExample03"Whathesaidfearedme."Inthisexample,"Whathesaid"isthesubjectclauseDefinitionandstructureofsubjectclausesCommonLeadingWords:that,which,who,who,who,who,who,who,who,who,who,who,who,who,who,whoExampleSentences"Thathewillleaveiswithin."(Leadingword:that)"Whichhewillcomeornotisstillunknown."(Leadingword:which)"Whowillwinthegameisanyone'sguide."(Leadingword:who)"Whatcausedtheaccidenttobeunderinvestigation."(Leadingword:what)AnalysisofCommonLeadingWordsandExampleSentencesSubjectclausescanbelongandcomplex,sotheyaresometimesreplacedbytheformalsubject"it"followedbyaverbandthenthesubjectclauseThisstructurehelpstobalancethepresenceandmakeiteasiertounderstandReadofsaying"Thathewillleaveiscertificate,""youcansay"Itiscertificatethathewillleave."Inthisexample,"it"istheformalsubject,and"thathewillleave"isthesubjectclauseUsageExampleTheusageofsubjectclauseandformalsubjectitObjectclause0301DefinitionAnobjectclauseisadependentclausethatfunctionsastheobjectofaverboraposition02StructureIttypicallybeginswithaconnectionsuchasthat,which,if,orwhowords(who,who,what,which,where,when,why,how)03ExampleIknowthatsheisstudyinghard(Here,"thatsheisstudyinghard"istheobjectclause.)DefinitionandStructureofObjectClauseAnalysisofCommonLeadingWordsandExampleSentencesCommonLeadingWords:that,which,if,who,who,who,what,which,where,when,why,howExampleSentencesHeaskedmeifIknewtheanswerCanyoutellmewhoisresponsibleforthis?Wehaven'tdecidedwheretogoforvacationShewonderedwhichsheshouldaccepttheofferTenseThetenseoftheverbintheobjectclauseisdeterminedbythemainverborthecontextForexample,ifthemainverbisinthepresenttense,theverbintheobjectclausecanbeinanytenseWordOrderThewordorderinanobjectclausefollowsthestandardsubjectverbobjectorder,justlikeinaregularsentenceHowever,ifawhwordisthesubjectoftheclause,itcanbeplacedatthebeginningoftheclauseforemphasisExampleHesaidthathehadfinishedhishomework(Here,theobjectclause"thathehasfinishedhishome"followsthestandardwordorderandtenseusage.)TheTenseandWordOrderofObjectClausePredictiveClause04DefinitionApredictiveclauseisadependentclausethatfunctionsasthesubjectcompletion,objectcompletion,oradvisoryinasense,providingadditionalinformationaboutthesubjectorobjectStructureApredictiveclausetypicallyconsidersofasubjectandapredicate,butitcanalsoincludeothermodifiersorcompletenessFunctionApredictiveclausefunctionstocompletethemeaningofthemainclausebyprovidingadditionalinformationaboutthesubjectorobjectDefinitionandstructureofpredicateclausesCommonLeadingWords:that,which,who,who,who,who,who,what,which,etcExampleSentencesIheardthatyouwerestudyingabroad(Thatleadsthepredictiveclause"Thatyouwerestudyingabroad")Theproblemiswhichwecanfinishtheprojectontime(whichleadsthepredictiveclause"whichwecanfinishtheprojectontime")Themanwhoisstandingunderthetreeismyteacher(wholeadsthepredictiveclause"whoisstandingunderthetree")0102030405AnalysisofCommonLeadingWordsandExampleSentencesPredictCases:Apredicateclauseisadependentclausethatfunctionsasasubjectcompletion,objectcompletion,oradvisory,providingadditionalinformationaboutthesubjectorobjectIttypicallyinsistsofasubjectandapredictionSubjectComplexes:Asubjectcompletionisaword,phrase,orclausethatfollowsalinkingverbandcompletesthemeaningofthesubjectItprovidesadditionalinformationaboutthesubject'sstate,identity,orcharacteristicsForexample,inthepresence"Heseeshappiness,""happiness"isthesubjectcompletiondescribingthesubject"He."Differences:Themaindifferencebetweenpredicateclausesandsubjectcompletionisthatpredicateclausesaredependentclausesthatprovideadditionalinformationaboutthesubjectorobject,whilesubjectcompletioniswords,phrases,orclausesthatcompletethemeaningofthesubjectbydescribingitsstate,identity,orcharacteristicsPredictclausestypicallycontainbothasubjectandapredictandfunctionasasubjectcompletion,objectcompletion,oradvisory,whilesubjectcompletiondoesnotnecessarilycontainbothasubjectandapredictandonlyfunctiontocompletethemeaningofthesubjectThedifferencebetweenpredicateclausesandsubjectcompletionAppeositiveclause05StructureItusuallybeginswithasubcoordinatingconnectionsuchasthat,which,who,who,who,who,who,etc.,andcontainsasubjectandaverbDefinitionAnapparentclauseisadependentclausethatrenamesordefinesanounorpronouninthemainclauseDefinitionandstructureofapparentclausesExampleSentencesThefactthathehadnotsaidanythingriskyeveryoneThemanwhoisstandingoverthereismyteacherWedon'tknowwhichhewillcomeornotCommonLeadingWords:that,which,who,who,who,who,who,what,which,etcAnalysisofCommonLeadingWordsandExampleSentencesAppetiteclausesAnAppetiteclauseisacompleteclauseusedasanAppetite,whileanAppetiteisawordorphrasethatrenamesordescribesanounorpronoonAppetiteclausesprovidemoreinformationaboutthenountheyrenameordefineandarecommonlysetoffbycommasAttributiveclausesAnattributiveclauseisatypeofobjectiveclausethatmodifiesanounorpronoonItisintroducedbyarelativeprofessor(who,who,who,who,which,that)orarelativeadvocate(where,when,why)Unlikeapparentclauses,attributiveclausesareessentialtothemeaningofthepresenceandcannotberemovedwithoutchangingthemeaningThedifferencebetweenapparentandattributiveclausesAnalysisofAdverbialClauseandOtherCompoundSentencePatterns06Identificationofadvisoryclauses:Anadvisoryclauseisagroupofwordsthatfunctionsasanadvisory,modifyingaverb,advisory,oranotheradvisoryItusuallybeginswithasubcoordinatingconnectionsuchas"after,""because,""if,"etcUnderstandingparallelattentionstructure:Parallelattentionaretwoormoresimpleattentionofequalimportancethatarejoinedbyacoordinatingconnection(e.g.,"and,""but,""or")orasemiconductorDistinguishingbetweenadvisoryclausesandparallelsentences:Whileadvisoryclausesprovideadditionalinformationaboutthemainclause,parallelsentencesareindependentclausesthatareequallyimportantandcanstandaloneAnalysisofAdverbialClauseandParallelSentenceTechniquesforconvertingnounclausesintoothercompoundsentencestructuresInsomecases,nonclaimscanbereplacedbyattributes,whicharenonclaimsorclaimsthatrenameordescribeanothernonornonclaimsUsingattributestoreplacenonclaimsNounclaimscanbeconvertedintoadvisoryclaimsbyreplacingthesubjectverbstructure