突破閱讀理解（2）--議論文和應(yīng)用文

（-）題型分析

閱讀理解是每年中考試題的“重中之重”。此題型的分值為30-40分，約占整套試題總

分的45%左右。閱讀理解主要考查考生通過(guò)閱讀短文獲取一定信息的能力。近幾年的中考試

題考查的文體多為記敘文、說(shuō)明文、應(yīng)用文等，考查內(nèi)容比較廣泛。

不僅如此，閱讀理解的文章在體裁方面也越來(lái)越多樣化，廣告、圖表等應(yīng)用文是近年來(lái)

中考試題的新體裁；在內(nèi)容方面，也更加體現(xiàn)了時(shí)代性和可讀性，題材包括科普、社會(huì)、文

化、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)等方面。

（二）體裁簡(jiǎn)析

一、英語(yǔ)閱讀文體類型簡(jiǎn)析中考英語(yǔ)閱讀常見(jiàn)的文體類型有：記敘文、議論文、說(shuō)明

文和應(yīng)用文。

01、記敘文。英語(yǔ)記敘文以描寫(xiě)敘述為主，主要描寫(xiě)人物、事件、地點(diǎn)、或過(guò)程。特點(diǎn)是，

其主題往往潛伏在字里行間，沒(méi)有直接地表白出來(lái)；文章主旨要透過(guò)體察所揭示的人物、事

件來(lái)進(jìn)行提煉。描寫(xiě)手法大多按時(shí)間跨度、空間順序、上下順序來(lái)展開(kāi)。閱讀記敘文體應(yīng)采

取略讀和掃讀的方法，快速抓住文中描寫(xiě)的主要內(nèi)容，從整體上去把握文章的連貫性，進(jìn)而

大體上揣測(cè)出作者的寫(xiě)作意圖及情感主線。高考閱讀就記敘文設(shè)題大多以細(xì)節(jié)理解為主。

02、說(shuō)明文。

英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文的總體結(jié)構(gòu)通常為三部份，說(shuō)明對(duì)象、說(shuō)明過(guò)程和歸納總結(jié)。常見(jiàn)的說(shuō)明方

法：

就中考英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文的閱讀而言，首先要抓住文章說(shuō)明的要點(diǎn)，也就是要抓住被說(shuō)明對(duì)象

的實(shí)質(zhì)性特征；弄清作者從哪個(gè)角度、哪個(gè)層面開(kāi)始說(shuō)明；并明白文章最后的說(shuō)明結(jié)論。中

考說(shuō)明文閱讀材料通常介紹最新科技、重大成就、生活時(shí)尚、流行現(xiàn)象等。了解說(shuō)明文的寫(xiě)

作手法、說(shuō)明方法，理清短文結(jié)構(gòu)及段落中心思想是答題關(guān)鍵。

03、議論文。

英語(yǔ)議論文通常為三段式，即“論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、結(jié)論”三部份組成。首先借助某一現(xiàn)象引

出論點(diǎn)，然后通過(guò)一定論據(jù)從各個(gè)層面上加以推理論證，最后得出結(jié)論。議論文體主要考查

學(xué)生對(duì)論點(diǎn)及論據(jù)的把握。因此,遇到議論文體時(shí),應(yīng)采取抓主題句的方法來(lái)把握文章主旨，

弄清作者的觀點(diǎn)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，作者的論點(diǎn)通常在文章首段被引出，接著是對(duì)這一論點(diǎn)的邏輯

推理和論證，最后為結(jié)論。還應(yīng)注意的是：在對(duì)論點(diǎn)論證的過(guò)程中，每一段的首句都是該段

的主題句。把握全文論點(diǎn)、弄清論證各段的主題句、理解文章層次、找出中心論點(diǎn)的位置是

理解議論文的關(guān)鍵。

04、應(yīng)用文。

英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用文屬于實(shí)用型文體，如書(shū)信、通知、日記、廣告等。應(yīng)用文閱讀要注意文中具

體細(xì)節(jié)的把握與理解，弄清作者所傳達(dá)的實(shí)際信息及表達(dá)的具體內(nèi)容。閱讀時(shí)采取速讀與精

讀相結(jié)合的方法，力求快速精確地查出試題所設(shè)置的關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容。

(三)1

掌握中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題的應(yīng)試技巧，正確地理解和分析問(wèn)題,考生應(yīng)從以下幾個(gè)方面入手:

1.主旨題

文章段落的首句和末句，一般表達(dá)文章的主題和段落的中心思想,其他句子只起補(bǔ)充、說(shuō)明、

解釋或引申的作用。因此，首先要搜索目標(biāo)，找出文章及段落中的主題句，了解了它們的含

義，就可以順著提供的主要線索去捕捉文章的相關(guān)信息，從而獲得解決問(wèn)題的答案。最有效

的辦法是找出主題句。主題句一般具有三個(gè)特點(diǎn)：

(1)表述的意思通常是總結(jié)性的；

(2)句子結(jié)構(gòu)較簡(jiǎn)單，多數(shù)都不采用長(zhǎng)、難句的形式；

(3)段落中其他的句子必定是用來(lái)解釋、支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表述的主題思想的。

2.推斷題

推理是在既有信息的基礎(chǔ)上得出合乎文章內(nèi)容的內(nèi)涵意義，即某一問(wèn)題、某一觀點(diǎn)沒(méi)有直接

表述，而寓意在文章的字里行間，要求通過(guò)文中信息分析推出某種符合作者思想、符合文章

邏輯的內(nèi)涵意義。推斷則是指通過(guò)對(duì)文章進(jìn)行符合邏輯的綜合分析，推出文章未直接陳述的

言外之意。推斷題推斷得正確與否，很大程度上取決于是否能正確把握作者潛隱在字里行間

的語(yǔ)氣及觀點(diǎn)。

(1)事實(shí)推斷。這種推斷常常針對(duì)某一個(gè)或幾個(gè)具體細(xì)節(jié)，是比較簡(jiǎn)單的推斷。進(jìn)行這種

推斷，要首先在文章中找出據(jù)以推斷的有關(guān)文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行間的意

思。

(2)指代推斷。確定指代詞的含義和指代對(duì)象是閱讀理解題常見(jiàn)的題目。要確定指代詞所

指代的對(duì)象，關(guān)鍵在于對(duì)上下文的正確理解。指代名詞的指代詞，其單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)與被指代

的詞一致，因此數(shù)的形式可作為識(shí)別指代對(duì)象的第一個(gè)輔助標(biāo)志。

(3)邏輯推斷。這類題目往往是要求根據(jù)文章所提供的背景、人物的表情、動(dòng)作和語(yǔ)言來(lái)

推斷出人物的態(tài)度或感受。

(4)對(duì)作者的意圖和態(tài)度的推斷。這一類考題大都要求學(xué)生就作者對(duì)論述對(duì)象持什么樣的

態(tài)度做出推斷，如作者對(duì)所陳述的觀點(diǎn)是贊同、反對(duì)，還是猶豫不定，對(duì)記述或描寫(xiě)的人、

物或事件是贊頌、同情、冷漠，還是厭惡。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述

出來(lái)，而往往隱含在字里行間。因此，進(jìn)行這種推斷時(shí)，我們既要依靠短文的主題思想作為

推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辭，尤其是形容詞一類的修飾語(yǔ)?？傊灰綍r(shí)善于積累，

并熟練運(yùn)用上述解題技巧，初中閱讀理解題就將不再是難題。

3.猜測(cè)詞義題

閱讀短文時(shí)，常常會(huì)遇到一些生詞。這時(shí)，考生要沉著、冷靜，細(xì)心思考。首先要把整

段、整篇文章看完。

通過(guò)對(duì)全篇短文的理解，就有可能猜測(cè)出生詞的大意。另外，還可以從含有生詞句子的上下

文，以及句子和段落之間的關(guān)系來(lái)判斷、理解生詞以求獲得其真正含義。猜測(cè)生詞的另一種

方法是，根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法推測(cè)。遇到生詞后，可從構(gòu)詞法角度分析判斷生詞。例如：inexpensive

一詞，其中詞根expensive的含義是“貴的”。前綴in是“不”的意思，因此可以猜測(cè)此詞詞義

為“不貴的，便宜的“。總之，猜詞題可以用到以下技巧（1）?根據(jù)文中的解釋（2）.使用

逗號(hào)、破折號(hào)和括號(hào)等（3）.根據(jù)同位語(yǔ)或根據(jù)同等關(guān)系（4）.根據(jù)語(yǔ)義的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系（5）.

根據(jù)因果關(guān)系（6）.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)（7）.根據(jù)常識(shí)，上下文邏輯

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。

細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求考生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行理解。它們大都是根據(jù)文

章中的具體信息如事實(shí)、例證、原因、過(guò)程、論述等進(jìn)行提問(wèn)的。有些問(wèn)題可以在文章中直

接找到答案,有些則需要我們?cè)诶斫獾幕A(chǔ)上將有關(guān)內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化才能找到，比如計(jì)算、排序、

是非判斷、圖形比較等。

做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)，不必通篇細(xì)看原文，而常?？刹扇　皫е鴨?wèn)題找答案”的方法.先從問(wèn)題中抓

住關(guān)鍵性詞語(yǔ)。然后以此為線索。要快速地辨認(rèn)和記憶事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)，就要恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用略讀及

查讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問(wèn)題相關(guān)的段落、語(yǔ)句.仔細(xì)品味，對(duì)照比較.確定答案。

有的細(xì)節(jié)理解題只要直接辨認(rèn)不要求讀者對(duì)客觀的事實(shí)作出解釋或判斷，只要求從閱讀材料

中直接獲取信息。同時(shí)還要求讀者記住重要細(xì)節(jié)，在必要的時(shí)候（做判斷、推斷或結(jié)論的時(shí)

候）能夠準(zhǔn)確而迅速地將他們回憶起來(lái)。

5.利用常識(shí)解題

多了解一些常識(shí)性知識(shí)有利于閱讀理解。如果對(duì)文章的相關(guān)背景有所了解，讀起文章來(lái)

一定既省時(shí)又省力。因此，在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中，了解各方面的背景知識(shí)是十分重要的。考生應(yīng)了

解下列知識(shí)：

（1）著名作家、藝術(shù)家及其主要作品；

（2）了解西方社會(huì)風(fēng)土人情、社交活動(dòng)、新年、圣誕節(jié)活動(dòng)、宗教信仰、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等；

（3）多看新聞聯(lián)播、世界各地和各類英語(yǔ)講座等節(jié)目；

（4）使用各種工具書(shū)，查閱各類名詞、術(shù)語(yǔ)、重大事件等；

（5）熟記常用的縮略詞語(yǔ)。

6.正確理解題干

縱觀歷年中考試題，閱讀理解試題一般有以下幾種題型：一是直接回答who,whom,which,

what,where,when,why,how等疑問(wèn)詞引起的細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題；二是猜測(cè)詞義題；三是推理判斷

題；四是綜合概括題。在做閱讀理解題時(shí)，一定要仔細(xì)看完、看清楚試題要求再作答，特別

要注意NOT,TRUE,EXCEPT等詞。有時(shí)，要先看題后閱讀文章，帶著問(wèn)題去讀短文，可縮短

閱讀時(shí)間，效果也許會(huì)更好。

總之，閱讀理解題是中考試題中非常重要的一項(xiàng)內(nèi)容，占有舉足輕重的地位。如果學(xué)生按上

述答題方法去做，再做些適當(dāng)?shù)木毩?xí)，一定會(huì)在閱讀理解題上取得比較理想的成績(jī)。

下面就在考試如何有效搶分進(jìn)行實(shí)列演練說(shuō)明，請(qǐng)同學(xué)們根據(jù)示范進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練：

演練2個(gè)篇章，

03議論文

04應(yīng)用文

03

模擬演練：議論文

Wecan,trememberclearlysincewhenwestartedtotakeourmobilestoadinnertable.This

happensalot,especiallywhenweeatout.Onceadishcomes,insteadOfliftingourchopsticks,we

takeoutourmobilesandclick.Later,wepostthephotosontoWeiboorWechat,waitingtobe

“l(fā)iked”.ThenWecheckourmobilesfromtimetotimeduringthemeal,toseewhetherweget“l(fā)iked”

ornot.Wejustcannotleaveourmobilesforonlyameal.

Doesthatsoundfamiliartoyou?Doyoudothatoften?Ifnot,howdoyoufeelwhenothersdothat

whenhavingdinnerwithyou?

ArecentstudysuggeststhatwhatWeareusedtodoingisnotsogood.Spendingtime

takingphotosoffoodmakesthefoodlesspleasant.Totestthis,someresearchersdidanexperiment.

Somepeoplewereaskedtotakephotosbeforetheycouldenjoyfood.Asaresult,itshowedthatthe

morephotostheytook,thelessdeliciousthefoodseemedtothem.So,whynotstoptakingphotos

andjustenjoythefoodinfrontofyou?

Besidesthescientificresult,therearealsosomeotherbadinfluencesoftakingphotosoffoodbefore

meals.AfterpostingthephotosontotheInternet,onewillnotbeabletocontrolhimselfandcheck

hismobilemanytimes.fctDoeseveryonelikemyphotos?Ihopealotofpeoplelikethem!,,Itseems

thatyourmobilesecretlycallsyournameallthetime,evenwhenyouarewithrealpeople.

So,nexttimeyougoouttohavedinnerwithyourfamilyorfriends,howaboutnottaking

photosoffood?Letthefoodbedeliciousasitisandshareyourlifewithpeoplearoundyou.Trust

me,itwillbeawonderfultime.

1.Fromthepassage,whathappensalotatthedinnertablenowadays?

A.PeopletalkabouttheirWeiboorWechat.

B.Peopletakephotosoffoodandpostthembeforeeating.

C.Peopleliketakingphotoswithfriendsorfamilies.

D.Peoplelearnfromeachotherhowtocookdishes.

2.Whatdoesthefourthparagraphtalkabout?

A.Thereasonsforcheckingyourmobiles.

B.ThewaysofpostingthephotosontotheInternet.

C.Thetips（提示）ofmakingotherslikeyourphotosontheWeibo.

D.Someotherbadinfluencesoftakingphotosoffoodbeforemeals.

3.Whichofthefollowingisthewriter,sopinion?

A.Wetakeoutourmobilesandclickwhenadishcomes.

B.Wecheckourmobilesfromtimetotimeduringthemeal.

C.Somepeoplewereaskedtotakephotosbeforetheycouldenjoyfood.

D.Spendingtimetakingphotosoffoodmakesthefoodlesspleasant.

4.WhatcanweIeamfromthepassage?

A.Takephotosoffoodinordertohaveawonderfullife.

B.Takephotosofdeliciousfoodandsharethemwithothers.

C.Enjoythelifewithpeoplearoundusinsteadoftakingphotosoffood.

D.Remembertohavedinnerwithourfamilyandfriendsathome.

【答案】BDDC

【解析】本文是一篇議論文。介紹了一種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，很多人吃飯前給食物拍照，然后發(fā)到微

博或者微信上面，等著別人點(diǎn)贊，最近研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，給食物拍照不好，一方面花時(shí)間拍照，食

物會(huì)變得沒(méi)有那么好吃；另一方面，眼前的人會(huì)被忽視，所以專家呼吁，讓食物美味如初，

享受與眼前人的相聚時(shí)刻。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文中“Onceadishcomes,insteadofliftingourchopsticks,Wetakeoutour

mobilesandCIiCk.”可知人們吃飯前喜歡拍照，故選Bo

2.主旨大意題。由本段的中心句"Besidesthescientificresult,therearealsosomeotherbad

influencesoftakingphotosoffoodbeforemeals.”可知第四段主要講述的是吃飯前拍照的一些

其他的壞的影響，故選D。

3.主旨大意題。A項(xiàng)意為“我們拿出手機(jī)并且上菜的時(shí)候進(jìn)行拍照”；B項(xiàng)意為“我們?cè)谝活D飯

期間時(shí)不時(shí)地檢查手機(jī)”；C項(xiàng)意為“在他們享受食物之前一些人被要求拍照“：都是現(xiàn)象的

描述，并非觀點(diǎn)，均不符合題意，而本文主要講述的是把手機(jī)帶到餐桌上進(jìn)行拍照的現(xiàn)象，

以及其不好的影響，故作者的觀點(diǎn)一定是花時(shí)間拍食物的照片使得食物不美味，只有D項(xiàng)

符合題意，故選D.

4.推理判斷題。由文中最后一段“Letthefoodbedeliciousasitisandshareyourlifewithpeople

aroundyou.Trustme,itwillbeawonderfultime.“可知讓食物保持它原本的美味，并與你周圍

的人分享你的生活，將是美好的時(shí)光，可以推測(cè)出作者的寫(xiě)作目的是享受與眼前人一起的生

活，而不是飯前拍照，所以C項(xiàng)符合題意，故選C。

議論文往往有觀點(diǎn)，有事實(shí)，邏輯性強(qiáng)，命題往往從事實(shí)的有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)及文章的主旨或作者

的表達(dá)意圖等方面著手，考查我們的思維能力和判斷能力。所以考生要培養(yǎng)根據(jù)上下文猜

詞的能力，或者說(shuō)根據(jù)情境能揣測(cè)作者的意圖。議論文的閱讀同其他體裁文章的閱讀理解

一樣，可以有主旨大意、細(xì)節(jié)理解、推理判斷、詞義猜測(cè)等幾種出題方式。

一、重視文章標(biāo)題，找準(zhǔn)全文主題句，把握文章主旨。議論文特別注意主題句，往往有總說(shuō)

和分說(shuō)的關(guān)系，主題句往往出現(xiàn)在第一句或最后歸納總結(jié)句中。

二、細(xì)讀文章，注意文章細(xì)節(jié)理解。與前面做題相同。

三、理解整體語(yǔ)篇，掌握作者意圖。議論文一定有作者的觀點(diǎn)，要正確把握。比喻這篇文章

就是“號(hào)召大家享受與眼前人一起的生活，而不是飯前拍照。

【實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練】

Inthepark,youseeagroupofpeople,alllookingupatthesky.Withoutthinkingaboutit,

youlookupwards,too.Why?Intheconcert,someonebeginstoclapandsuddenlythewholeroom

joinsin.Youdo,too.Why?

SometimeswefeelweareactingcorrectlywhenWedothesameasothers.Themorepeople

followanidea,thebetterortruerwethinktheideais.It,sthesocialProoK社會(huì)認(rèn)同感）that

works.

ThescientistAschcarriedoutanexperiment.Itshowshowsocialproofcaninfluenceus.

Inaroom,amanisshownLine1,andnexttoitarethreelines（A,B,C）.Aislonger,Cisshorter

andBisaslongasLine1.HemusttellwhichofthethreelinesisaslongasLine1.Whenthe

manisalone,hegivesthecorrectanswerB.Then,fiveothermanentertheroom,andeachof

themgivestheanswerCastheyweretoldto.Nowthemanchangeshisideaandgivestheanswer

C.AschgotthesameresultmanytimesamongdifferentSUbjeetS（實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象）.

WhydoWeactlikethis?Well,inthepast,followingotherswasawaytokeepawayfrom

danger.Supposethat5000yearsagoyouwerehunting（打獵）withfriends.Suddenly,theyallran

away.Whatwouldyouhavedone?Wouldyouhavestayed?No,youwouldhaverun,too.Weare

descendants（后代）ofthosewhocopiedothers,action.Itissodeeplyplantedinourmindthatwe

stilluseitnow.

Socialproofhasspecialpower.Theadvertisingindustry,forexample,oftenmakesuseofit.

Sobecarefulwheneveracompanysaysitsproductis??themostpopular”.

1.Atthebeginningofthepassage,thewriterleadsinthetopicby.

A.tellingastoryB.givingexamples

C.answeringquestionsD.showingamap

2.AccordingtoParagraph3,theexperimentbyAschshows.

A.followingothersisalwaysright

B.socialproofmaychangepeople,sideas

C.it,sdifficulttocarryouttheexperiment

D.peoplecanstudybetteriftheyarealone

3.Theunderlinedword"It"inParagraph4refersto.

A.runningwithothersB.huntingwithfriends

C.copyingothers,actionD.doingsomethingdifferent

4.Accordingtothepassage,Wecaninfer（推斷）that.

A.it,simportanttorunwithothersanytime

B.productsintheadvertisementarethebest

C.Wemustn,tcopyothers,actiontokeepsafe

D.weneedtothinktwicebeforefollowingothers

B（2022年浙江中考）

φHaveyouevershownyourphotosonyourfavoritesocialmedia（媒體）?Orhaveyou

expressedyourfeelingsandemotionsonyouronlinepage?Ifyes,doyouknowwhatyouhave

postedonthesocialmediascancauseproblemsyoucouldnotexpect?

（2）Cathy,whoisgoingtobefifteen,postedonlineaninvitationtoherbirthdaypartywithher

addressinit.Andguesswhat!500peoplecametotheparty,andsomeevenbrokethewindows

andplants,makingatotalmessofthehouse.Thegirl,sbirthdaypartyturnedintoanightmare（噩

夢(mèng)）,

③Manyteenagers（青少年）thinktheyknoweverythingaboutsocialmedia,andthatsuch

athingcouldneverhappentothem.Studiesshowthateachyearmorethanthreemillionyoung

peopleintheworldgetintotroublebecauseoftheironlineactivities.

④Sodoremembertheseifyoureallywanttosharesomethingonline.

⑤ShareWithcaιe!Noteveryonewilllikewhatyouwriteonline.Thinkbeforeyoupost

anything.Youneverknowwhoseesyourtexts,picturesorvideos.Beforeclicking"post”,you

shouldaskyourself,?tHowwill?feelifmyfamilyorteachersseethis?,,and??Howmightthispost

bebadformeinfiveortenyearsfromnow?”

⑥BepoliteWheIIyouwrite!ImaHinesomeoneisunfriendlyinreallife.Thesameistrueof

onlinecommunication.Noonelikesitwhenyou“shout“inyourmessages.Ifyoufeelangryor

frustratedwhileyou,rewritingamessage,waitabit.Readitagainlaterandthensendit.

⑦Protectandrespect!Nevershareyourpasswordswithanyone.Ifsnotwisetopostyour

homeoremailaddressonline.Don,tsaybadthingsaboutpeople.Ifyougetmessageslikethator

seethemonline,talktoyourparentsoryourteachers.

（8）Γdsaynoneofthesethingspromises100%onlinesafety,buteachwillhelpyoutobe

safer.

1.Thewriterstartstointroducethetopicby.

A.tellingstoriesB.givingexamplesC.askingquestionsD.sharing

experiences

2.ThepartyturnedintoanightmarebecauseCathy.

A.madeatotalmessofthehouse.B.sharedthephotosofherhouseonline

C.invitedhundrendsofpeopletoherpartyD.postedaninvitationwithheraddress

online

3.Thewriterusesthemark"!"intheunderlinedsentencesofParagraphs5?7to.

A.drawthereaders9attentionB.giveordersthatreadersshouldfollow

C.expressthestrongfeelingsofworryD.givethedecisionsthathavebeen

made

4.Whatdoesthewritermeanbysayingthelastsentence?

A.Youshouldspendmuchlesstimeonline.

B.It,snecessarytothinkbeforeyouactonline.

C.Youhavetomakeapromisebeforeyougoonline.

D.Ifyouwanttobesaferonline,doasthewritersuggests.

C

Thesedays,adultsareworriedaboutthegrowingnumberofkidswhoareoverweight,and

guesswhat?Kidsrealizeit'saproblem,too.Mostkidswhoareoverweighthavetoomuchbodyfat,

nomatterhowoldtheyareandhowtalltheyare.

Thenumberoftheoverweightkidshasincreasedalotoverthelast30years.IntheUnited

States,about20%ofthekidsaged2to19areoverweight.Thafsbadnewsbecausebeing

overweightcanleadtohealthproblems.

Overweightkidsalsomaybelaughedatbyotherkids,orfeelsadaboutthewaytheylook.Most

kidssaiditwasharderforoverweightkidstomakefriends.Solotsofkidssaidtheyhadtriedto

loseweight.Herearethewaystheytried.

Eatinghealthyisusuallythebestwaystoloseweight,and70%ofthekidsknewthat.Ifkids

arewoπiedaboutweight,expertssuggesttheythinkaboutwheretheyshouldgoforanswers.They

cantalktoanurseoradoctorasthebesthelp.

Doingsportsisanotherrightwaytoloseweight.Therearemanywaystostayactive:dancing,

yardwork,running,swimmingorevenwalkingaroundthemallorplayingoutside.Makeexercise

funbychoosingactivitiesyoulike.

1.Howmanychildrenunder20yearsoldinAmericaareoverweight?

A.80%B.70%C.30%D.20%

2.Whocangiveyouthebesthelpifyouareoverweight?

A.Theteachers.B.Thenurses.C.Thedoctors.D.BothCandD.

3.Whichisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.There,snoneedforlittlekidstoworryabouttheirweight.B.Thefatlookinfluencesa

child,slife.

C.Exercisecanhelpyoukeephealthyandslim.D.Toomuchbodyfatmayleadtodeath

moreeasily.

4.Howmanywaysoflosingweightdoesthepassagetellus?

A.1B.2C.3D.4

5.What,sthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Don,tworryaboutyourweight.

B.Itisharderforoverweightchildrentomakefriends.

C.Beseriousaboutoverweightandchoosethewaysyouliketoloseweight.

D.Thenumberoftheoverweightkidshasincreasedalotoverthelast30years.

ELECTRICSCOOTER

8o=d88?

BackinBrisbane,Australia,fortheChristmasbreak,Ifoundmyselfinapublictransport

deadzone.Bikeless,7kilometersfromwhereIwasmeetingfriendsandunwillingtogetataxi,I

decidedtoborrowanelectricscooter.Thetriptookfarlongerthanitwouldhavebybike,mainly

becauseofamajorSPinhalfwaythere.Arock,hitatspeed,isaterriblething:weekslater,Istill

hadtheredkneesofaprimaιyschooler.

IntheUK,theyareIegaI（合法的）onlyonprivateland,buttheDepartmentforTransportis

discussinghowtocontrolthemonpublicroadsandpathways,withthepossibilityforlegalization

laterthisyear.Othercitiesthathavee-scooterrentalprogramshavehadproblemsintheearly

period.InParis,MayorAnneHidalgodescribedthesituationlastyearasmessy.Shehas

announcedthatthecityisreducingitsnumberofe-scootersto15,000andplanstocreatelaws

forbiddingthemfrompavements（人彳亍道）.Francehasputintoforcelawslimitinge-scooter

speedsto25kilometresperhour.

Similartodockless（無(wú)樁的）hirebicycles,e-scootersareparkedonpavementsandpeople

leavethemuptreesorthrowthemintorivers.Wildtreatmentshortenstheirlifetime,whichisbad

forbothprofitability（盈利）andtheenvironment.Analysissuggeststhattheaveragee-scooter,s

lifetimeisjustthreemonths.

Ithinke-scootersareanbasicpartoftheefforttomakecitytransportgreener.Theyareseen

asakeytothetiastm?le^^problem-apotentialwaytoreducetransportjambyrapidlygetting

someonetotheirfinalgoal.Carscantakeup28timesthespaceofapersonridingabicycle.Asfar

astheenvironmentaleffectgoes,recentresearchsuggeststhate-scootersarenotasgreenas

walkingorcycling,buttheyarestillbetterthancars.Andthoughtherearestillmanyreportsof

seriousaccidents,scootingisaboutassafeascycling.StephenGosslingatLundUniversityin

Swedenhassuggestedwebuildcar-free“micromobility''streets,wherecyclists,pedestrians（行

人）ande-scooterscouldsharetheroad.Hethinksthiswillreduceaccidentrisksandinvitemore

vulnerable（易受傷害的）trafficparticipants,suchaschildren,tobecomeactivetransportusers.If

moree-scootersmeanfewercarsonroads,animprovementinlocalairqualityisalsoalikely

result.When20kilometersofroadsincentralLondonclosedforWorldCar-FreeDaylast

September,theairqualitywasgreatlyimprovedaccordingtothereport.

1.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartfctamajorspilΓ,inParagraphIprobablymean?

A.Aseriousfall.B.Asuddenillness,C.Alegalreaction.D.A

terriblebreakdown.

2.WhatdoWeknowaboute-scootersinParis?

A.Theyareillegalonpavements.B.Theyarealreadyoutoffashion.

C.Theyarefacingmorelimits.D.Theyaremorecommononprivate

land.

3.Whatisthewriter,sopinionofe-scooters?

A.Theyarenotassafeascycling.B.Theyalwayscausethetrafficjams.

C.Theyareasgreenascyclingorwalking,D.Theyplayabigroleinthe4iastmile^^

problem.

4.WhatisStephenGossling,ssuggestion?

A.Tosetupmorecare-freedays,B.Toinvitemorecycliststousee-

scooters.

C.Togetvulnerablepedestriansofftheroad,D.Toseparatecarsfrome-scooterson

theroad.

E（江蘇徐州20年一模試題）

Freetimeisagoodchanceforteenagerstohavefun.Whataboutfreetimewithparents

around?Someteenagerswantfreeplaywithoutparents,SUPerViSion（監(jiān)管）whileparentsand

experts（專家）maythinkdifferently.

LinTao,amiddleschoolstudent,thinksteenagersshouldbefreetoplay.??LasttimeIplayed

withmyparentsaround,Iwasnervousandjustcouldn,tenjoymyselftothefullest,,,Linsays.

“AndmyfriendChenXiaoxinhassimilarexperiences.Once,hewentouttoplaywithhis

classmates.Everyonefeltuncomfortablewithhismother,ssupervision.^^

WangMin,amotherofa14-year-oldboy,thinksplaytimeneedssupervision.Sheexplains,

“PeopleusuallysayIliketocontrolmykid,butthat,snottrue.Iamjustworriedthathewillget

intotrouble.SomeguysmayhaveabadinfluenceonhimandsomegameslikeLARP（居IJ本殺）

maymisleadhim.Hemightevengetindulgedinthestoriesandcan,tgetbacktoreallife.

Mr.Ma,adoctorofsocialstudies,saysit'sunderstandableforteenagerstowishforfreedom.

Freeplayhelpsthemtobeindependent.Parentscangivethemmorespace.Theydon,thaveto

supervisethemallthetime.However,teenagersshouldfindouttheexactdetails（細(xì)節(jié)）aboutthe

activitiesbeforeplaytime.Thentheycancommunicatewiththeirparentsanddecidetogether

whethertheycangoouttoplayalone.

!.Accordingtothepassage,freetimeisagoodchanceforteenagersto.

A.studyhardB.havefunC.getintotroubleD.mislead

parents

2.LinTaosupportshisownideaby________.

A.listingnumbersB.raisingquestionsC.comparingfactsD.giving

examples

3.Theunderlinedwords“getindulgedin”inPara.（段落）3probablymean.

A.getlostinB.getinterestedinC.betiredofD.be

proudof

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmayMr.Masupport?

A.HeKai,sparentsarearoundeverytimeheplayswithhisfriends.

B.FengZhongfan,sparentsneveraskhimaboutwhomheplayswith.

C.LiuXianggoesoutwithoutknowinganythingabouttheactivities.

D.XieHaotalkstohisparentsabouttheexactdetailsbeforeplaytime.

F（2023年安徽一模試題）

WhileWeoftenquestionourfailuresandagreethemwithluckorfate（命運(yùn)），weproudlyrelate

oursuccesstohardwork.Formostpeople,wedon,thaveachoice,ashardworkistheonlything

inourcontrol.Therefore,WeshouldkeepworkinghardandgiveitaShOtratherthancomplaining

luckorfate.

However,lifeisnotalwaysfair.Itdoesnotgiveequalopportunitiestoeveryone.Mostofthe

familiesinourcountrystrugglehardforaliving.Mostofthesepeopleworkhard,butonlyafewof

thembecomesuccessful.Sohardworkcannotbeadetermining（決定性的）factorforsuccess,

thoughit,sanecessaryfactor.

Thereisanotherwaytolookatluckorfate.Lifethrowsopportunitiesateveryone,butnot

everyonecatchesthemattherighttime.Peoplewhograbtheseopportunitiesaretheoneswho

succeedinfightingagainstdifficulties.Infact,itisnotbecauseWehavefeweropportunitiesbut

becauseweareunabletoseetheseopportunities.Sometimes,wecanseethembykeepinganeye

onthem,butsometimesopportunitiesneedtobecreatedbyhardwork.Luckandfatecannotlimit

whatapersoncando;Itcanjustfacilitate（使...更容易）progress.

Allinall,lifeisnotfair.Noteveryonehasequalopportunities.Butthatshouldnotstopusfrom

workinghard.Weshouldkeepfightingagainstthedifficultiestoachieveourdreams.

1.Theunderlinedphrase??giveitashof,inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans.

A.haveatryB.shootatC.giveupD.work

hard

2.Whatwouldtheauthorrelatehersuccessto?

A.luckB.hardworkC.fateD.AllofA,

B,andC

3.Whichofthefollowingwouldbeagreedbytheauthor?

A.Hardworkisnottheonlychoiceformostpeople.

B.Peoplefailtoachievetheirdreamsbecauseofbadluck.

C.Hardworkcandetermineone,ssuccess.

D.Nota??people,sdreamswouldcometruethroughhardwork.

4.Whatwouldbethemainideaofthispassage?

A.Lifeisnotalwaysfair.B.Luckmatters,buthardworkisa

necessity.

C.Keepaneyeonopportunity.D.Workhardandfightagainstallodds.

5.WhichsuggestioniswrongwhenyouworkedhardinEnglishlearningforaperiodoftimebut

failedinthelastexam?

A.Askyourteacherorparentsforhelp.

B.Thinkofwhatcausedyourfailureandfindbetterlearningmethods.

C.Weshouldkeepfightingagainstthedifficultiestoachieveourdream.

D.Workinghardisuselessandyoucandrawlotstochoosekeysforthenextexam.

04

模擬演練：應(yīng)用文

WelcometothePaintingCompetitionforWoolandsStudents

TheInternationalAnti-DrUg（禁毒）Daythisyeariscomingsoon.Inordertoraiseteenagers1

awareness（意識(shí)）tofightagainstdrugtaking,theCityArtCouncilisgoingtoholdapainting

competitionforthestudentsinourcity.

Studentswhowanttotakepartinthecompetitioncanhandintheirown2Dpaintingsin

eitherofthefollowingtwoways：

★Eachschoolwillbeprovidedwithaboxforstudentstoputintheirpaintings.Boxeswill

bepickedupbytheCityArtCouncilonThursday,June23rd,2016,beforetheendoftheschool

day.

★PaintingscanbealsohandedinonFriday,June24th,from8：00amto10：00amatthe

WoodlandsArtHall(175RiversideStreet).

Allpaintingsarerequiredtobe60cmwideby80cmlongorsmaller.Largersizeswillnotbe

accepted.Eachstudentcanonlyhandinonepainting.

ThefinaldecisiononthecompetitionresultswillbemadeonJune26th,theAnti-DrugDay.

ThenamelistofthewinnerswillbemadeknownonthewebsiteoftheCityArtCouncilonthe

sameday.AllwinningpaintingswillbeshowntothepublicattheCityYouthParkfromJune27th

tilltheendofJuly.

Prizes:1stPrize(10students)=$300GiftCardeach

2ndPrize(20students)=$200GiftCardeach

3rdPrize(30SlUdemS)=$100GiftCardeach

Forfurtherinformation：Visithttp:IIwww.WoodlandsArtCounciLorgorcall2569-8632.

1.StudentsinWoodlandscantakepartinheldbytheCityArtCouncil.

A.apopmusicconcertB.asingingcompetition

C.apaintingcompetitionD.aname-signingactivity

2.Themainpurposeofthiscompetitionis.

A.toteachtheteenagerssomepaintingskills

B.totelltheteenagerstowalkawayfromdrugs

C.toprovidetheteenagerwithsomeartknowledge

D.tointroducethehistoryoftheAnti-DrugDaytotheteenagers

3.ThesizeofthepaintingslikewillNOTbeaccepted.

A.40cmwideby60cmlong

B.50cmwideby70cmlong

C.60cmwideby80cmlong

D.80cmwideby100cmlong

4.Thepubliccanenjoythewinningpaintings.

A.attheCityYouthParkB.attheCityArtCouncil

C.at175RiversideStreetD.attheWoodlandsArtHall

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.StudentsmustputtheirpaintingsintheschoolboxonJune24th.

B.Eachstudentcantakepartinthecompetitionwithone3Dpainting.

C.Studentscangetmoreinformationaboutthecompetitionintwoways.

D.Eachofthesecondprizewinnersinthecompetitionwillget300dollars.

應(yīng)用文。（題干定位法）

英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用文屬于實(shí)用型文體，如書(shū)信、通知、日記、廣告等。應(yīng)用文閱讀要注意文中具

體細(xì)節(jié)的把握與理解，弄清作者所傳達(dá)的實(shí)際信息及表達(dá)的具體內(nèi)容。閱讀時(shí)采取速