專題一四定語(yǔ)從句

考點(diǎn)聚焦

一、什么是定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句(AttributiveClauses)在句中做定

語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞，詞組或代詞即先行詞。定

語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引

出。

二、定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞

一般情況下，如果先行詞表示人的名詞或代詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)用who,

whom或thatowho和that在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ);whom在

從句中作賓語(yǔ)。

whose在從句中常作主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)，通常指人,也可以指物，表示"誰(shuí)

的……

先行詞如果是表示物的名詞或代詞時(shí)，用that或which均可，但有

些情況只能用that,有些情況只能用whicho

三、在下列情況下，定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞多用that

1.當(dāng)先行詞為all,something,anything等不定代詞時(shí)用that。如：

Youshouldtellmeall(that)youhaveknowabout.

你因該把你所知道的情況告訴我。

Hereissomethingthatmyfatherneeds.

這正是我父親所需要的東西。

2.當(dāng)先行詞被every,no,some,any,little,much等修飾時(shí)用that0

如：

Hehasspentallthemoneythathisfathergavehim.

他已經(jīng)把父親給他的錢都花掉了。

Tomtriedeverymeansthathecoulddotofinishthejobontime

buthefailed.

為了完成工作，湯姆想盡了一切辦法，但他還是失敗了。

3.當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，用that0如：

ThisisthesecondletterthatIreceivedfrommyyoungersister

thismonth.

這是我這個(gè)月收到我妹妹的第二封信。

GonewiththeWindisoneofthebestfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.

《亂世佳人》是我看過(guò)的最好的影片之一。

4.先行詞被only,very,same,last等詞修飾時(shí)，用thato如：

Thisistheonlybookthatyoucanreadinthesefewdays.

這是你最近幾天能看的唯一一本書(shū)了。

Thatistheverymagazinethatheislookingfor.

那正是他要找的那本雜志。

4.在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)用that。如：

Thedistancethatyouarefromhomeisimmaterial.

你離家的距離是微不足道的。

6.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)中已出現(xiàn)which而為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)使用that。如：

Whichisthebookthatyouneed?

你需要的是哪一本書(shū)呢？

7.當(dāng)先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞只用that。如：

Hecanseetwoboysandsometreesthatareatadistanceof

fivehundredmeters.

他看見(jiàn)在五百米外有兩個(gè)男孩和一些樹(shù)。

四、在下列情況中則多用which

1.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句多用Whicho如：

Canada,whichisinNorthAmerica,isthesecondlargestcountryin

theworld.

位于北美洲的加拿大是世界第二大國(guó)。

2.介詞之后的定語(yǔ)從句多用whicho如：

Thisisthestampforwhichheislooking.

這正是他要找的那枚郵票。

復(fù)數(shù)名詞"之后的定語(yǔ)從句,用如：

3."those+whicho

Asupermarketshouldkeepastockofthosegoodswhichsellwell.

商場(chǎng)應(yīng)儲(chǔ)存一些銷量好的商品。

.定語(yǔ)從句離先行詞較遠(yuǎn)時(shí)，用如：

4whicho

Mygrandmothergavemeagiftofgreatvalueonmybirthday

whichIlikedverymuch.

在我生日的那一天，我奶奶給了我一件非常珍貴的禮物，我非常喜

歡它。

5.先行詞為代詞that時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞多

用which（非正式英語(yǔ)也用that）。如:

HetoldmethatwhichIhadtoldyoubefore.

他告訴我的是以前我曾經(jīng)給你說(shuō)過(guò)的那件事。

五、在下列情況下，關(guān)系代詞一般用who（指人）

1.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，用Who。如：

Lincoln,whowasmurderedatatheatreinWashington,D.C.,diedon

April15,1865.

林肯在首都華盛頓的一家劇院被人暗殺，于1865年4月15日去世。

2,當(dāng)不定代詞everybody(everyone),anybody(anyone),allone,

ones等為先行詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞一般用whoe如：

Onewhodoesn'tworkhardwillneversucceed.

不努力的人永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)成功的。

Isthereanybodywhocanswimacrosstheriver?

有人能游過(guò)這條河嗎？

3.當(dāng)先行詞為those或people時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞一般用who.

Thosewhowanttoseetheexhibitionmustsigntheirnameshere.

要看這個(gè)展覽的人必須在這里簽名。

Peoplewhocanseesometimesactjustasfoolishly.

有時(shí)候，眼睛看得見(jiàn)的人也會(huì)做同樣的傻事。

4在被分割開(kāi)來(lái)的定語(yǔ)從句中先行詞為人時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞一般用who,

如：

ImetaboyattheEnglishCorneryesterdaywhocanspeakEnglish

fluently.

昨天，我在英語(yǔ)角上遇到一個(gè)能講一口流利英語(yǔ)的男孩。

5.在以therebe開(kāi)頭的存在句型中，先行詞為人，關(guān)系代詞一般用

who.如：

Therewasanoldladywhowantedtoseeyouatthegatejustnow.

剛才大門口有一位老婦人有事找你。

實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練(2x50)計(jì)分：

1.Isthegirlisreadingabookunderthatbigtreeyoursister?

No.MysisterisinFrance.

A.whoB.whomC.whose

2.Jimdislikepeopletalkmuchbutneverdoanything.

A.whoB.whomC.whose

3.ThisistheschoolIstudiedinthreeyearsago.

A.whereB.whenC.which

4.Whatdoyouusuallydoinyourleisuretime?

IenjoyreadinginthelibraryIlosemyselfwithalotof

goodbooks.

A.whereB.whenC.which

5.1lovesingerswritetheirownmusic

A.whoB.whichC.what

6.ThevillageIvisitedlastyearhaschangedalot.

Really?Ihopetogothereoneday.

A.thatB.whoC.when

7.TheoldwomaniswearingapairofglassesMrs.Black

A.which,areB.who,areC.who,is

8.Doyoulikemusicmakesyourelaxed?

A.itB.whatC.that

9.Thegirl.youtalkedwithattheschoolgateisournewmath

teacher.

A.whoseB.whichC.whom

10.1liketheteacherisstrictwithus.

A.whichB.whoC.whose

11.1cannotforgetthetimetheearthquakehappenedonin

Yushu.

A.whenB.whichC.who

12.DoyouknowtheboyissittingnexttoPeter.

Yes,HeisPeter'sfriend.Theyarecelebratinghisninthbirthday.

A.whoB.whoseC.which

13.1haveboughtadressIlikebest.

A.whoB.whereC.which

14.ThecamelIrodehadabadtemper,andIgottired.

A.thatB.whoseC.who

15..GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishteacherlovedclimbing.

A.whoB.whomC.he

16.ThedutyofProjectHopeistohelppoorchildren,isn'tit?

Yes,ithasbuiltmanyschoolsthosechildrencanstudy

happily.

A.whereB.whenC.whom

17.Thepolicecaughtthemanstolemyhand-bag.

A.heB.thatC.whom

18.TheforeignervisitedourschoolisfromCanada.

A.whichB.whoC.whose

19.Anyoneispunished.

A.whobreaktherulesB.whobreakstherules

C.whombreaktherules

20.TheplaceinterestedmemostwastheChildren's

Palace.

A.WhichB.whereC.what

21.Doyouknowtheman?

A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.Ispoketo

22.Thisisthehotellastmonth.

A.whichtheystayedinB.atthattheystayed

C.wheretheystayedat

23.DoyouknowtheyeartheChineseCommunistPartywas

founded?

A.whichB.thatC.inwhich

24.ThatisthedayI'llneverforget.

A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhich

25.Thefactorywe'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.

A.whereB.towhichC.which

26.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory

weareworking.

A.whereB.thatC.which

27.Thisisoneofthebestfilms.

.A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshown

C.thathasbeenshownthisyear

28.Canyoulendmethebooktheotherday?

A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalked

C.aboutthatyoutalked

29.Thepenheiswritingismine.

A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhich

3O.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofsatasmallboy.

A.whomB.whoC.which

31.Isthereanyoneinyourclassfamilyisinthecountry?

A.whoB.who'sC.whose

32.I'minterestedinallyouhavesaid.

A.thatB.whatC.which

33.Iwanttousethedictionarywasusedyesterday.

A.whichB.whoC.what

34.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersonsthey

rememberedintheschool.

A.whichB.thatC.whom

35.Theletterisfrommysister,isworkinginBeijing.

A.whichB.thatC.who

36.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsofare

women.

A.themB.whichC.whom

37.1lostabook,Ican'tremembernow.

A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofit

38.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,Hangzhouis

famousintheworld.

A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhich

39.1canneverforgetthedaywhenweworkedtogetherandthe

daywespenttogether.

A.whichB.whenC.onwhich;

40.ThemanhairiswhiteisAmerican.

A.whichB.whoseC.what

41.Myneighborsusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,

wasverykindofthem.

A.whoB.whichC.it

42.1shallneverforgetthoseyearsIspendonthefarm

withthefarmers.

A.whenB.thatC.where

43.Thenumberofthepeoplewhocars

increasing.

A.owns;areB