骨質(zhì)疏松動物模型及其評價方法的研究進(jìn)展一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle隨著全球人口老齡化趨勢的加劇，骨質(zhì)疏松癥已成為一個日益嚴(yán)重的健康問題。為了更好地理解和治療這一疾病，研究人員需要借助動物模型來模擬人類骨質(zhì)疏松的病理過程。本文旨在綜述近年來骨質(zhì)疏松動物模型及其評價方法的研究進(jìn)展，以期為相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的科研人員提供有價值的參考。Withtheintensificationoftheglobalagingpopulationtrend,osteoporosishasbecomeanincreasinglyserioushealthproblem.Inordertobetterunderstandandtreatthisdisease,researchersneedtouseanimalmodelstosimulatethepathologicalprocessofhumanosteoporosis.Thisarticleaimstoreviewtheresearchprogressofanimalmodelsandevaluationmethodsforosteoporosisinrecentyears,inordertoprovidevaluablereferencesforresearchersinrelatedfields.本文首先介紹了骨質(zhì)疏松癥的定義、分類及其對人類健康的影響，強調(diào)了研究動物模型在骨質(zhì)疏松癥研究中的重要性。隨后，文章詳細(xì)回顧了不同類型的骨質(zhì)疏松動物模型，包括去卵巢模型、糖皮質(zhì)激素誘導(dǎo)模型、鈣磷代謝失衡模型等，并分析了它們各自的優(yōu)缺點。在此基礎(chǔ)上，文章重點探討了動物模型的評價方法，包括影像學(xué)評價、生物化學(xué)評價、組織形態(tài)學(xué)評價以及分子生物學(xué)評價等，旨在為動物模型的優(yōu)化和選擇提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。Thisarticlefirstintroducesthedefinition,classification,andimpactonhumanhealthofosteoporosis,emphasizingtheimportanceofstudyinganimalmodelsinosteoporosisresearch.Subsequently,thearticlereviewedindetaildifferenttypesofanimalmodelsofosteoporosis,includingovariectomizedmodels,glucocorticoidinducedmodels,calciumphosphorusmetabolismimbalancemodels,etc.,andanalyzedtheirrespectiveadvantagesanddisadvantages.Onthisbasis,thearticlefocusesonexploringtheevaluationmethodsofanimalmodels,includingimagingevaluation,biochemicalevaluation,tissuemorphologyevaluation,andmolecularbiologyevaluation,aimingtoprovidescientificbasisfortheoptimizationandselectionofanimalmodels.本文總結(jié)了目前骨質(zhì)疏松動物模型及其評價方法的研究現(xiàn)狀，并展望了未來的發(fā)展趨勢，以期為推動骨質(zhì)疏松癥的研究和治療提供有益的啟示。Thisarticlesummarizesthecurrentresearchstatusofanimalmodelsandevaluationmethodsforosteoporosis,andlooksforwardtofuturedevelopmenttrends,inordertoprovideusefulinsightsforpromotingresearchandtreatmentofosteoporosis.二、骨質(zhì)疏松動物模型的種類Typesofanimalmodelsforosteoporosis隨著對骨質(zhì)疏松癥的深入研究，各種動物模型被廣泛應(yīng)用于模擬人類骨質(zhì)疏松癥的發(fā)生、發(fā)展過程，以及探索其預(yù)防和治療策略。這些動物模型主要可以分為以下幾類：Withthein-depthstudyofosteoporosis,variousanimalmodelshavebeenwidelyusedtosimulatetheoccurrenceanddevelopmentprocessofhumanosteoporosis,aswellasexploreitspreventionandtreatmentstrategies.Theseanimalmodelscanbemainlydividedintothefollowingcategories:自然發(fā)生型骨質(zhì)疏松動物模型：某些動物如老齡鼠、老齡犬等，隨著年齡的增長會出現(xiàn)自然發(fā)生的骨質(zhì)疏松，這些動物可以作為模擬人類衰老導(dǎo)致的骨質(zhì)疏松的模型。Animalmodelsofnaturallyoccurringosteoporosis:Someanimals,suchasagingmiceanddogs,mayexperiencenaturallyoccurringosteoporosisastheyage.Theseanimalscanserveasmodelstosimulateosteoporosiscausedbyhumanaging.去除卵巢型骨質(zhì)疏松動物模型：通過手術(shù)去除雌性動物的卵巢，使其體內(nèi)雌激素水平降低，從而引發(fā)骨質(zhì)疏松。這種模型主要用于模擬女性絕經(jīng)后骨質(zhì)疏松的發(fā)生。Removingovarianosteoporosisanimalmodel:Surgicalremovalofovariesinfemaleanimalsreducesestrogenlevelsintheirbodies,leadingtoosteoporosis.Thismodelismainlyusedtosimulatetheoccurrenceofpostmenopausalosteoporosisinwomen.廢用型骨質(zhì)疏松動物模型：通過固定動物的一側(cè)或雙側(cè)后肢，使其長期不負(fù)重，導(dǎo)致骨組織廢用性萎縮和骨質(zhì)疏松。這種模型常用于研究失重或長期臥床等導(dǎo)致的骨質(zhì)疏松。Animalmodelofdisusetypeosteoporosis:Byfixingoneorbothhindlimbsoftheanimaltopreventlong-termweight-bearing,itleadstodisuseinducedatrophyofbonetissueandosteoporosis.Thismodeliscommonlyusedtostudyosteoporosiscausedbyweightlessnessorlong-termbedrest.藥物誘導(dǎo)型骨質(zhì)疏松動物模型：通過使用某些藥物，如糖皮質(zhì)激素、甲狀旁腺激素等，來干擾骨代謝，從而誘發(fā)骨質(zhì)疏松。這種模型可用于研究藥物對骨組織的影響以及骨質(zhì)疏松的藥物治療。Druginducedosteoporosisanimalmodel:Byusingcertaindrugs,suchasglucocorticoids,parathyroidhormones,etc.,tointerferewithbonemetabolismandinduceosteoporosis.Thismodelcanbeusedtostudytheeffectsofdrugsonbonetissueanddrugtherapyforosteoporosis.基因敲除或轉(zhuǎn)基因型骨質(zhì)疏松動物模型：通過基因工程技術(shù)，敲除或轉(zhuǎn)基因某些與骨代謝相關(guān)的基因，從而引發(fā)骨質(zhì)疏松。這種模型可用于深入研究骨質(zhì)疏松的發(fā)病機制以及開發(fā)新的治療方法。Geneknockoutortransgenicanimalmodelsofosteoporosis:Throughgeneticengineeringtechnology,certaingenesrelatedtobonemetabolismareknockedoutortransgenic,leadingtoosteoporosis.Thismodelcanbeusedforin-depthresearchonthepathogenesisofosteoporosisandthedevelopmentofnewtreatmentmethods.各種骨質(zhì)疏松動物模型都有其特點和適用范圍，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)哪Ｐ蛯τ谘芯抗琴|(zhì)疏松癥的發(fā)病機制、預(yù)防和治療策略具有重要意義。隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，未來還將會有更多新型、更貼近人類疾病的骨質(zhì)疏松動物模型出現(xiàn)。Variousanimalmodelsofosteoporosishavetheirowncharacteristicsandapplicability,andselectinganappropriatemodelisofgreatsignificanceforstudyingthepathogenesis,prevention,andtreatmentstrategiesofosteoporosis.Withthecontinuousdevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,therewillbemorenewandmorecloselyrelatedanimalmodelsofosteoporosisinthefuture.三、骨質(zhì)疏松動物模型的評估方法Evaluationmethodsforanimalmodelsofosteoporosis在骨質(zhì)疏松動物模型的研究中，評估方法的選擇至關(guān)重要，它直接關(guān)系到模型的可靠性和有效性。評估方法主要包括生物化學(xué)指標(biāo)檢測、骨組織形態(tài)學(xué)觀察和骨生物力學(xué)檢測等。Inthestudyofanimalmodelsofosteoporosis,theselectionofevaluationmethodsiscrucial,asitdirectlyaffectsthereliabilityandeffectivenessofthemodel.Theevaluationmethodsmainlyincludedetectionofbiochemicalindicators,observationofbonetissuemorphology,anddetectionofbonebiomechanics.生物化學(xué)指標(biāo)檢測是一種常用的評估方法，通過測量血液中與骨代謝相關(guān)的生化指標(biāo)，如骨鈣素、堿性磷酸酶等，可以間接反映骨轉(zhuǎn)換率和骨形成、骨吸收的情況。這些指標(biāo)的變化能夠反映骨質(zhì)疏松動物模型骨代謝的動態(tài)過程，為模型的建立和評價提供重要依據(jù)。Biochemicalindexdetectionisacommonlyusedevaluationmethod,whichindirectlyreflectsboneturnoverrate,boneformation,andboneresorptionbymeasuringbiochemicalindicatorsrelatedtobonemetabolismintheblood,suchasosteocalcinandalkalinephosphatase.Thechangesintheseindicatorscanreflectthedynamicprocessofbonemetabolisminanimalmodelsofosteoporosis,providingimportantbasisfortheestablishmentandevaluationofthemodel.骨組織形態(tài)學(xué)觀察是評估骨質(zhì)疏松動物模型的直接手段。通過對動物骨骼進(jìn)行切片、染色和顯微觀察，可以直觀地了解骨骼微觀結(jié)構(gòu)的變化，如骨小梁的數(shù)量、形態(tài)和排列等。這些形態(tài)學(xué)變化能夠直接反映骨質(zhì)疏松的發(fā)展程度，為模型的驗證提供直觀證據(jù)。Observationofbonetissuemorphologyisadirectmeansofevaluatinganimalmodelsofosteoporosis.Byslicing,staining,andmicroscopicobservationofanimalbones,itispossibletointuitivelyunderstandthechangesinthemicrostructureofbones,suchasthenumber,shape,andarrangementofbonetrabeculae.Thesemorphologicalchangescandirectlyreflectthedegreeofdevelopmentofosteoporosisandprovideintuitiveevidenceformodelvalidation.骨生物力學(xué)檢測也是評估骨質(zhì)疏松動物模型的重要手段。骨生物力學(xué)檢測通過測量骨骼的強度、硬度等力學(xué)性質(zhì)，能夠反映骨骼的整體性能和承載能力。在骨質(zhì)疏松動物模型中，骨生物力學(xué)指標(biāo)的變化往往早于生物化學(xué)和形態(tài)學(xué)指標(biāo)，因此具有重要的早期預(yù)警作用。Bonebiomechanicaltestingisalsoanimportantmeansofevaluatinganimalmodelsofosteoporosis.Bonebiomechanicaltestingcanreflecttheoverallperformanceandload-bearingcapacityofbonesbymeasuringtheirmechanicalpropertiessuchasstrengthandhardness.Inanimalmodelsofosteoporosis,changesinbonebiomechanicalindicatorsoftenoccurearlierthanbiochemicalandmorphologicalindicators,thusplayinganimportantroleinearlywarning.骨質(zhì)疏松動物模型的評估方法包括生物化學(xué)指標(biāo)檢測、骨組織形態(tài)學(xué)觀察和骨生物力學(xué)檢測等。這些方法各有特點，相互補充，共同構(gòu)成了骨質(zhì)疏松動物模型評估的完整體系。通過綜合運用這些評估方法，我們可以更加全面、準(zhǔn)確地了解骨質(zhì)疏松動物模型的特性和變化，為骨質(zhì)疏松的研究和治療提供有力支持。Theevaluationmethodsforanimalmodelsofosteoporosisincludedetectionofbiochemicalindicators,observationofbonetissuemorphology,anddetectionofbonebiomechanics.Thesemethodseachhavetheirowncharacteristics,complementeachother,andtogetherconstituteacompletesystemforevaluatinganimalmodelsofosteoporosis.Bycomprehensivelyapplyingtheseevaluationmethods,wecangainamorecomprehensiveandaccurateunderstandingofthecharacteristicsandchangesofanimalmodelsofosteoporosis,providingstrongsupportfortheresearchandtreatmentofosteoporosis.四、骨質(zhì)疏松動物模型及其評價方法的優(yōu)缺點Advantagesanddisadvantagesofanimalmodelsandevaluationmethodsforosteoporosis隨著對骨質(zhì)疏松研究的不斷深入，各種骨質(zhì)疏松動物模型及其評價方法應(yīng)運而生。這些模型和方法在推動骨質(zhì)疏松研究、藥物研發(fā)和疾病機制探討等方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。然而，它們也各自存在一些優(yōu)點和缺點。Withthecontinuousdeepeningofresearchonosteoporosis,variousanimalmodelsandevaluationmethodsforosteoporosishaveemerged.Thesemodelsandmethodshaveplayedanimportantroleinpromotingresearchonosteoporosis,drugdevelopment,andexploringdiseasemechanisms.However,theyalsohavetheirownadvantagesanddisadvantages.可控性強：動物模型可以人為地控制骨質(zhì)疏松的誘發(fā)因素，如飲食、藥物干預(yù)、手術(shù)等，從而模擬出人類骨質(zhì)疏松的不同類型和階段，為研究提供穩(wěn)定的實驗條件。Strongcontrollability:Animalmodelscanartificiallycontrolthetriggeringfactorsofosteoporosis,suchasdiet,drugintervention,surgery,etc.,therebysimulatingdifferenttypesandstagesofhumanosteoporosis,providingstableexperimentalconditionsforresearch.可重復(fù)性好：在動物模型中，實驗條件、操作過程等都可以進(jìn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化控制，因此實驗結(jié)果具有較好的可重復(fù)性，有利于科學(xué)研究的開展。Goodrepeatability:Inanimalmodels,experimentalconditions,operatingprocedures,etc.canbestandardizedandcontrolled,sotheexperimentalresultshavegoodrepeatability,whichisconducivetothedevelopmentofscientificresearch.生物學(xué)意義明確：動物模型能夠反映骨質(zhì)疏松的生物學(xué)過程和病理變化，對于深入理解骨質(zhì)疏松的發(fā)病機制、藥物作用機制等具有重要意義。Clearbiologicalsignificance:Animalmodelscanreflectthebiologicalprocessesandpathologicalchangesofosteoporosis,whichisofgreatsignificanceforadeeperunderstandingofthepathogenesisanddrugactionmechanismsofosteoporosis.評價方法多樣：現(xiàn)有的骨質(zhì)疏松評價方法包括生化指標(biāo)檢測、影像學(xué)檢查、骨組織形態(tài)學(xué)分析等，這些方法各有特點，能夠從不同角度全面評價骨質(zhì)疏松的嚴(yán)重程度和治療效果。Therearevariousevaluationmethods:existingmethodsforevaluatingosteoporosisincludebiochemicalindexdetection,imagingexamination,bonetissuemorphologyanalysis,etc.Thesemethodshavetheirowncharacteristicsandcancomprehensivelyevaluatetheseverityandtreatmenteffectofosteoporosisfromdifferentperspectives.成本較高：動物實驗需要消耗大量的人力、物力和財力，包括動物飼養(yǎng)、實驗操作、設(shè)備維護等方面的成本都相對較高。Highcost:Animalexperimentsrequirealargeamountofmanpower,materialresources,andfinancialresources,includingrelativelyhighcostsinanimalbreeding,experimentaloperations,equipmentmaintenance,andotheraspects.周期較長：動物模型的建立往往需要較長的時間，特別是在研究骨質(zhì)疏松這種慢性疾病的過程中，實驗周期可能長達(dá)數(shù)月甚至數(shù)年。Longcycle:Theestablishmentofanimalmodelsoftenrequiresalongtime,especiallyintheprocessofstudyingchronicdiseasessuchasosteoporosis,wheretheexperimentalcyclemaylastforseveralmonthsorevenyears.倫理問題：動物實驗涉及倫理道德問題，需要在實驗設(shè)計和操作過程中充分考慮動物的福利和倫理原則。Ethicalissues:Animalexperimentsinvolveethicalandmoralissues,anditisnecessarytofullyconsiderthewelfareandethicalprinciplesofanimalsintheexperimentaldesignandoperationprocess.種屬差異：不同種屬的動物在生理、病理等方面存在差異，因此實驗結(jié)果可能無法完全反映人類骨質(zhì)疏松的實際情況。Speciesdifferences:Animalsofdifferentspecieshavedifferencesinphysiology,pathology,andotheraspects,sotheexperimentalresultsmaynotfullyreflecttheactualsituationofhumanosteoporosis.骨質(zhì)疏松動物模型及其評價方法在骨質(zhì)疏松研究中具有重要的應(yīng)用價值，但也存在一些需要改進(jìn)和優(yōu)化的地方。未來隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，相信會有更加完善、高效的模型和方法出現(xiàn)，為骨質(zhì)疏松的研究和治療提供更好的支持。Theanimalmodelofosteoporosisanditsevaluationmethodshaveimportantapplicationvalueinosteoporosisresearch,buttherearealsosomeareasthatneedimprovementandoptimization.Withthecontinuousdevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyinthefuture,itisbelievedthatmorecompleteandefficientmodelsandmethodswillemerge,providingbettersupportfortheresearchandtreatmentofosteoporosis.五、骨質(zhì)疏松動物模型及其評價方法的研究進(jìn)展Researchprogressonanimalmodelsofosteoporosisandtheirevaluationmethods隨著對骨質(zhì)疏松發(fā)病機制認(rèn)識的深入，研究者們已經(jīng)建立了多種骨質(zhì)疏松動物模型，用以模擬人類骨質(zhì)疏松的病理生理過程。這些模型不僅有助于理解骨質(zhì)疏松的發(fā)病機理，也為藥物研發(fā)和療效評價提供了重要的實驗工具。針對這些模型的評價方法也在不斷發(fā)展，以更準(zhǔn)確地反映骨質(zhì)疏松的治療效果。Withthedeepeningunderstandingofthepathogenesisofosteoporosis,researchershaveestablishedvariousanimalmodelsofosteoporosistosimulatethepathologicalandphysiologicalprocessesofhumanosteoporosis.Thesemodelsnotonlyhelptounderstandthepathogenesisofosteoporosis,butalsoprovideimportantexperimentaltoolsfordrugdevelopmentandefficacyevaluation.Theevaluationmethodsforthesemodelsarealsoconstantlyevolvingtomoreaccuratelyreflectthetherapeuticeffectsofosteoporosis.在動物模型方面，目前常用的骨質(zhì)疏松模型包括去卵巢（OV）模型、老齡模型、糖皮質(zhì)激素誘導(dǎo)模型、甲狀旁腺激素（PTH）模型等。其中，OV模型是模擬絕經(jīng)后骨質(zhì)疏松的經(jīng)典模型，通過摘除雌性動物的卵巢，模擬雌激素水平下降導(dǎo)致的骨質(zhì)流失。老齡模型則通過選擇老年動物，研究隨著年齡增長而出現(xiàn)的骨質(zhì)疏松。糖皮質(zhì)激素誘導(dǎo)模型是通過給動物注射糖皮質(zhì)激素，模擬糖皮質(zhì)激素治療過程中的骨質(zhì)疏松風(fēng)險。PTH模型則是通過注射甲狀旁腺激素，模擬甲狀旁腺功能亢進(jìn)導(dǎo)致的骨質(zhì)疏松。Intermsofanimalmodels,commonlyusedosteoporosismodelsincludeovariectomy(OV)model,agingmodel,glucocorticoidinducedmodel,parathyroidhormone(PTH)model,etc.Amongthem,theOVmodelisaclassicmodelforsimulatingpostmenopausalosteoporosis,whichsimulatesbonelosscausedbyadecreaseinestrogenlevelsbyremovingtheovariesoffemaleanimals.Theagingmodelstudiesosteoporosisthatoccurswithagebyselectingelderlyanimals.Theglucocorticoidinductionmodelsimulatestheriskofosteoporosisduringglucocorticoidtreatmentbyinjectinganimalswithglucocorticoids.ThePTHmodelsimulatesosteoporosiscausedbyhyperparathyroidismbyinjectingparathyroidhormone.在評價方法方面，研究者們通常采用骨密度（BMD）測量、骨組織形態(tài)學(xué)分析、生物力學(xué)測試等手段來評估骨質(zhì)疏松動物模型的骨質(zhì)量。BMD測量可以直觀地反映骨骼的礦物質(zhì)含量，是骨質(zhì)疏松評價的重要指標(biāo)。骨組織形態(tài)學(xué)分析則通過顯微鏡觀察骨組織的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)，如骨小梁數(shù)量、骨小梁厚度等，以評估骨骼的結(jié)構(gòu)完整性。生物力學(xué)測試則通過測量骨骼的力學(xué)性能，如抗壓強度、抗折強度等，來評價骨骼的功能狀態(tài)。Intermsofevaluationmethods,researchersusuallyusemethodssuchasbonedensity(BMD)measurement,bonetissuemorphologyanalysis,biomechanicaltesting,etc.toevaluatethebonequalityofosteoporosisanimalmodels.BMDmeasurementcanintuitivelyreflectthemineralcontentofbonesandisanimportantindicatorforevaluatingosteoporosis.Bonetissuemorphologyanalysisevaluatesthestructuralintegrityofbonesbyobservingthemicrostructureofbonetissueunderamicroscope,suchasthenumberandthicknessoftrabeculae.Biomechanicaltestingevaluatesthefunctionalstatusofbonesbymeasuringtheirmechanicalproperties,suchascompressivestrengthandflexuralstrength.近年來，隨著分子生物學(xué)和影像學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，研究者們開始采用分子生物學(xué)方法和影像學(xué)手段來更深入地評價骨質(zhì)疏松動物模型。分子生物學(xué)方法可以通過檢測骨組織中的基因表達(dá)、蛋白表達(dá)等，揭示骨質(zhì)疏松的分子機制。而影像學(xué)手段，如線、CT、MRI等，則可以無創(chuàng)地觀察骨骼的形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)和代謝變化，為骨質(zhì)疏松的早期診斷和治療提供重要依據(jù)。Inrecentyears,withthedevelopmentofmolecularbiologyandimagingtechnology,researchershavebeguntousemolecularbiologymethodsandimagingtechniquestomoredeeplyevaluateanimalmodelsofosteoporosis.Molecularbiologymethodscanrevealthemolecularmechanismsofosteoporosisbydetectinggeneandproteinexpressioninbonetissue.ImagingmethodssuchasX-ray,CT,MRI,etc.cannon-invasiveobservethemorphologicalstructureandmetabolicchangesofbones,providingimportantbasisfortheearlydiagnosisandtreatmentofosteoporosis.骨質(zhì)疏松動物模型及其評價方法的研究進(jìn)展為骨質(zhì)疏松的研究和治療提供了有力支持。未來，隨著新技術(shù)和新方法的不斷涌現(xiàn)，我們有望建立更加精準(zhǔn)、高效的骨質(zhì)疏松動物模型和評價方法，為骨質(zhì)疏松的防治提供更為科學(xué)的依據(jù)。Theresearchprogressofanimalmodelsandevaluationmethodsforosteoporosisprovidesstrongsupportfortheresearchandtreatmentofosteoporosis.Inthefuture,withthecontinuousemergenceofnewtechnologiesandmethods,weareexpectedtoestablishmoreaccurateandefficientanimalmodelsandevaluationmethodsforosteoporosis,providingmorescientificbasisforthepreventionandtreatmentofosteoporosis.六、結(jié)論Conclusion隨著對骨質(zhì)疏松疾病研究的深入，骨質(zhì)疏松動物模型及其評價方法的研究也取得了顯著的進(jìn)展。這些動物模型在模擬人類骨質(zhì)疏松的病理過程、探索發(fā)病機制以及評價治療效果等方面都發(fā)揮了重要的作用。從基因敲除動物模型到老齡動物模型，再到藥物誘導(dǎo)模型，不同類型的模型為我們提供了豐富的實驗工具，使我們能夠更深入地理解骨質(zhì)疏松的復(fù)雜性。Withthedeepeningofresearchonosteoporosis,significantprogresshasbeenmadeinthestudyofanimalmodelsandevaluationmethodsforosteoporosis.Theseanimalmodelshaveplayedanimportantroleinsimulatingthepathologicalprocessofhumanosteoporosis,exploringthepathogenesis,andevaluatingtreatmenteffectiveness.Fromgeneknockoutanimalmodelstoaginganimalmodels,andthentodruginducedmodels,differenttypesofmodelsprovideuswithrichexperimentaltools,allowingustohaveadeeperunderstandingofthecomplexityofosteoporosis.在評價方法方面，生物力學(xué)測試、影像學(xué)檢查以及組織形態(tài)計量學(xué)等技術(shù)的發(fā)展，使得我們可以從多個角度對骨質(zhì)疏松動物模型進(jìn)行全面、準(zhǔn)確的