第三部分

語法專題精講練專題一

動詞命題點2

動詞的時態(tài)初中?？嫉?種時態(tài)如下：時態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)及標(biāo)志詞常見用法及例句一般現(xiàn)在時結(jié)構(gòu)（1）主語+am/is/are（+表語）（2）主語+動詞原形/動詞單三形式（+賓語）（1）表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作，常與頻度副詞連用。（2）表示客觀真理、客觀存在或自然現(xiàn)象。如：The

earth

moves

around

the

sun.（注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是一般過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。）時態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)及標(biāo)志詞常見用法及例句一般現(xiàn)在時標(biāo)志詞（1）頻度副詞：always，

usually，

often，sometimes，

seldom，

never，

hardly（2）頻率詞組：once

a

year，

twice

a

month，

three

times

a

day等（3）表示現(xiàn)在的情況或狀態(tài)。（4）主將從現(xiàn)：若一個復(fù)合句含有由when,

after,

before,

until,

as

soon

as等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句或由if,

unless,

as

long

as,

once等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,

主句若用一般將來時,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。如：I

will

tell

Kate

the

good

news

as

soon

as

she

comes

back.續(xù)表時態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)及標(biāo)志詞常見用法及例句一般現(xiàn)在時標(biāo)志詞（3）其他詞組：in

the

morning，

on

Sundays，

at

weekends，

every

day/year…（every系列）（5）表示按計劃或安排好的將要發(fā)生的動作，用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來，但僅限于start，

begin，

leave，

go，

come，

arrive等動詞。如：The

train

leaves

at

six

tomorrow

morning.續(xù)表時態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)及標(biāo)志詞常見用法及例句一般過去時結(jié)構(gòu)（1）主語+was/were（+表語）（2）主語+動詞過去式（+賓語）（1）表示過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。如：We

went

to

the

City

Library

last

week.續(xù)表時態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)及標(biāo)志詞常見用法及例句一般過去時標(biāo)志詞（1）ago及ago詞組（2）yesterday及yesterday詞組（3）last及l(fā)ast詞組（4）just

now，

in

the

past，

in

1920等（2）表示過去常常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，常與頻度副詞連用。如：When

I

was

a

child，

I

often

played

basketball

on

the

playground.續(xù)表時態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)及標(biāo)志詞常見用法及例句一般過去時標(biāo)志詞（5）at

the

age

of…，

used

to…（6）one

day，

long

long

ago，

once

upon

a

time（3）在since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句用一般過去時。續(xù)表時態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)及標(biāo)志詞常見用法及例句一般將來時結(jié)構(gòu)（1）主語+will/shall+動詞原形（+表語/賓語）（2）主語+am/is/are

going

to+動詞原形（+表語/賓語）（1）表示將來某個時間會發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。如：They

are

leaving

for

Shanghai

next

week.（2）表示某種必然的趨勢。如：Fish

will

die

without

water.續(xù)表時態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)及標(biāo)志詞常見用法及例句一般將來時標(biāo)志詞（1）tomorrow，

soon（2）next

week/month（next系列）（3）be

going

to+動詞原形，表示計劃、打算做某事，表示已決定的，很可能發(fā)生的事，或有某種跡象表明要發(fā)生的事情。如：What

are

you

going

to

do

next

Sunday？（計劃）Look

at

the

dark

clouds.

There

is

going

to

be

a

storm.

（客觀現(xiàn)象）續(xù)表時態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)及標(biāo)志詞常見用法及例句一般將來時標(biāo)志詞（3）in

a

week，

in

2024，

in+一段時間（4）one

day，

in

the

（near）

future（4）“be

about

to+動詞原形”和“be

to+動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)也可表示即將發(fā)生的動作。如：The

train

is

about

to

leave.（5）主將從現(xiàn)。（具體講解見本表格一般現(xiàn)在時）續(xù)表時態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)及標(biāo)志詞常見用法及例句現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時結(jié)構(gòu)主語+am/is/are+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞（+賓語）（1）表示此時此刻正在進(jìn)行的動作。如：—What

are

you

doing？—I

am

reading

English.續(xù)表時態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)及標(biāo)志詞常見用法及例句現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時標(biāo)志詞（1）now,

right

now（2）at

present,

at

this

time,

at

the/this

moment（3）these

days,

these

months,

theseyears（4）when,

while（5）Look!,

Listen!（2）表示現(xiàn)階段一直在進(jìn)行的動作，此刻不一定在進(jìn)行，常用時間狀語有：this/these+表示一段時間的名詞。如：They

are

studying

hard

this

term.（3）be

doing表示將來，常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有g(shù)o，

come，

leave，

stay，

start，

begin，

表示即將發(fā)生或安排好要做的事情。如：She

is

going

there

tomorrow.續(xù)表時態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)及標(biāo)志詞常見用法及例句過去

進(jìn)行時結(jié)構(gòu)主語+was/were+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞（+賓語）（1）表示過去某一時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作。如：—What

were

you

doing

at

nine

last

night？—I

was

watching

TV

at

that

time.（2）表示過去某段時間內(nèi)持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動作。如：What

were

you

doing

from

seven

to

nine

yesterday?續(xù)表時態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)及標(biāo)志詞常見用法及例句過去

進(jìn)行時標(biāo)志詞（1）then（2）at

that

time，

at

ten

yesterday,

at

this

time

yesterday（3）when/while引導(dǎo)的表示過去時間的狀語從句（3）在復(fù)合句中，從句中過去的動作發(fā)生時，主句中另一個過去的動作正在進(jìn)行。如：The

students

were

reading

when

the

teacher

came

into

the

classroom.（4）在復(fù)合句中，主句和從句中兩個過去的動作同時進(jìn)行。如：I

was

cooking

while

my

son

was

drawing

a

picture.續(xù)表時態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)及標(biāo)志詞常見用法及例句現(xiàn)在完成時結(jié)構(gòu)主語+has/have+動詞過去分詞（+表語/賓語）（1）表示過去發(fā)生的動作或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響。如：—Have

you

had

your

lunch

yet？—Yes.

I’ve

just

had

it.續(xù)表時態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)及標(biāo)志詞常見用法及例句現(xiàn)在完成時標(biāo)志詞（1）already，ever，

never，just，

yet，

still（2）recently，lately，

so

far，

up

till

now（3）in

the

past/last

three

years/…（2）表示從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，也許還要持續(xù)下去，常和for，

since連用，動詞應(yīng)用延續(xù)性動詞。如：We

have

lived

here

since

2000.續(xù)表時態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)及標(biāo)志詞常見用法及例句現(xiàn)在完成時標(biāo)志詞（4）since

1998,

since+一段時間+ago（如:since

five

months

ago）（5）for+一段時間（如：for

three

years）（3）特殊用法：①have

gone

to已去某地（未回）have

been

to曾去過某地（已回）have

been

in待在某地②It

is/has

been+時間段+since+一般過去時的句子③It/This

is

the+序數(shù)詞+time+that從句

這是……第幾次……續(xù)表

在現(xiàn)在完成時中，和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用時，謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性的。如果謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性的，則要轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動詞。常見轉(zhuǎn)換如下表：非延續(xù)性動詞（詞組）延續(xù)性動詞（詞組）非延續(xù)性動詞（詞組）延續(xù)性動詞（詞組）begin/startbe

onlosenot

haveborrow/lendkeepmarrybe

marriedbuyhaveopenbe

open非延續(xù)性動詞（詞組）延續(xù)性動詞（詞組）非延續(xù)性動詞（詞組）延續(xù)性動詞（詞組）comebe

hereput

onwear/be

inclosebe

closedarrive

in/arrive

at/reach/get

tobe

indiebe

deadcatch

a

coldhave

a

coldfinishbe

overcome

backbe

backjoinbe

in/be

a

member

offall/become

asleep/illbe

asleep/illleavebe

away

fromwake

upbe

awake續(xù)表如：I’ve

left

this

school

for

eight

years.

（×）

I’ve

been

away

from

this

school

for

eight

years.

（√）隨堂練一、用方框中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子arrive

work

marry

repairlead

prepare

read

take1.Bill

likes

reading.

He

______

picture

books

with

his

mom

every

evening.reads2.The

High

School

Entrance

Examination

is

coming.

All

students

are

__________

for

it

actively

to

get

good

results.preparing3.My

grandpa

_________

my

grandma

nearly

half

a

century

ago.

They

always

have

a

happy

life.married4.My

best

friend

and

I

were

_______

an

interesting

course

at

this

time

yesterday.taking5.Bruce

will

_______

at

the

station

at

ten

o’clock

tomorrow

morning,

and

I’ll

pick

him

up.arrive6.My

father

has

________

in

a

panda

protection

center

for

ten

years,

so

he

knows

a

lot

about

pandas.worked7.Look!

A

dog

is

________

a

blind

man

across

the

road.leading8.My

computer

is

working

again!

Our

IT

teacher

has

_________

it.

It

took

him

about

an

hour.repaired二、用方框中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成語篇help

live

draw

go

say

tryask

worry

teach

remember

Charles

Rose

is

an

eleven-year-old

boy.

He

has

1.______

in

the

countryside

with

his

parents

for

years.

His

father

Mr.

Rose

2.________

him

to

read

and

write.

He

also

3._____

him

to

be

a

helpful

person.

His

neighbors

are

a

poor

couple.

They

are

4._________________

about

sending

their

son

to

school.livedteachesasksworrying/worried

Charles

5.______

to

his

neighbors’

house

to

look

for

his

missing

dog

once.

He

found