高中英語(yǔ)【人教版2019】必修第三冊(cè)UnitUnit2MoralsandVirtues重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法+單元話題寫作【問題查找】單句語(yǔ)法填空1.A:Youlookreally___________(tire).Youshouldgohomeandhavearest.B:Yes,well,afivehouroperationispretty___________(tire).2.A:DidyouhearthatSusanandBobgotmarried?B:Really?That’sthemost___________(shock)newsIhaveheardtoday.3.A:Harry,youforgottoreturnmyphonecalllastnight!B:Oh,I'mverysorry.Iwenttosleep___________(listen)tomusic.4.A:Howcanyousitinside___________(play)gamesallday?Isn'tthereanythingmoreimportantyoucandowithyourtime?B:eon,Mum.It'saholiday.5.A:Themuseumwas___________(interest),wasn’tit?B:Itwasgreat.Iwasquite___________(interest)inthoseancientpiecesofjade.6.A:Areyousurethisisthemanyousawthatnight?B:That’sright.Frommywindow,Isawhim___________(e)intothebuilding.A:Didyouhearagunshotafterthat?B:No,butIheardpeople___________(shout)downstairs.B:Isawaninjuredman___________(lie)onthefloor.【要點(diǎn)精講】【重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法】動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常是感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞。另外，分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)在邏輯上存在主謂關(guān)系。賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，要么采用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式doing作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示進(jìn)行和主動(dòng)，要么采用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示完成和主動(dòng)，切不可用havingdone作賓補(bǔ)。賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，要么采用現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)beingdone作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示進(jìn)行和被動(dòng)，要么采用過去分詞done作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示完成和被動(dòng)，切不可用havingbeendone作賓補(bǔ)。一、現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，表示進(jìn)行。doing表示主動(dòng)的進(jìn)行，beingdone表示被動(dòng)的進(jìn)行。此時(shí)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要有以下兩種類型：1.感官動(dòng)詞，如feel（感覺），find（發(fā)現(xiàn)），hear（聽見），see（看見），smell（聞見），listento（聽）等。如：Iheardhersingingthesong.我聽見她在唱這首歌。本句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hear，賓語(yǔ)是her，賓補(bǔ)是singingthesong.此處賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以采用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)singingthesong表示“正在教室唱歌”。倘若要表示“她已經(jīng)唱了歌”，則要用不定式作賓補(bǔ)表示“完成”的狀態(tài)。需要注意的是，在感官動(dòng)詞后面，不定式作賓補(bǔ)不能帶to.另外，雖然不帶to的不定式和動(dòng)詞原形的形式相同，但不能認(rèn)為它是動(dòng)詞原形，因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞原形只能作謂語(yǔ)，不能作賓補(bǔ)。如：Iheardhersingthesongintheclassroom.我聽見她唱了這首歌。本句采用不帶to的不定式singthesong作賓補(bǔ)，表示主動(dòng)的完成。2.使役動(dòng)詞，如make，get，have，bring，keep，send，set等，都有“致使，導(dǎo)致”的含義。這些詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以使用doing作賓補(bǔ)，表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行。與感官動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)相同，在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)下，要表示完成含義，應(yīng)當(dāng)采用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。如：Iamsorrytomakeyouwaiting.抱歉讓你一直等。Iamsorrytomakeyouwait.抱歉讓你等。動(dòng)詞ing形式作狀語(yǔ)★動(dòng)詞ing形式可作狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、讓步、結(jié)果或伴隨情況等，其邏輯主語(yǔ)通常與句子的主語(yǔ)一致，動(dòng)詞ing形式所表示的動(dòng)作與主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。如：Hearingthenews,wealljumpedwithjoy.Workinghard,you'llcertainlymakeyourdreametrue.Seeingnobodyathome,hedecidedtoleavethemanote.Weighingalmostonehundredkilos,thestonewasmovedbytheboyalone.Herhusbanddiedin1960,leavingherwithfivechildren.Thelittlegirlwaslyinginbedcrying.★動(dòng)詞ing形式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作常與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，其完成式（havingdone）所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前。如：FollowingTom,westartedtoclimb.Havingfoundahotel,webegantolookforarestaurant.★動(dòng)詞ing形式的否定形式常在其前面加not。如：Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn'tgetintouchwithher.Nothavinggotananswer,Idecidedtowritehimanotherletter.★動(dòng)詞ing形式作狀語(yǔ)，其前往往可以加when,while,if,unless,once,though,asif等連詞，構(gòu)成“連詞+動(dòng)詞ing形式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Johnhurthislegwhileplayingfootball.Themanturnedroundfromtimetotimeasifsearchingforsomeone.【拓展】動(dòng)詞ing形式可以有其獨(dú)立的邏輯主語(yǔ)，二者構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Thedaybeingfine,wedecidedtogoswimming.Weexploredthecave,Mikeactingasguide.【單元話題寫作】寓言評(píng)論寓言評(píng)論就是在讀者讀完寓言后的所感所想。從體裁上看，寓言評(píng)論屬于夾敘夾議的議論文。這種文章主要是以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)介紹故事情節(jié)內(nèi)容并對(duì)自己感興趣的某些地方發(fā)表觀點(diǎn)，表達(dá)自己的想法、感受，并且把故事推薦給他人等。文章可以分為三個(gè)部分。寫作指導(dǎo)[基本框架]第一部分：寓言故事簡(jiǎn)介。對(duì)故事做個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的歸納介紹。第二部分：分析寓言情節(jié)。包括分析作者的寫作目的，故事的詳細(xì)情節(jié)和作者最后要求完成的目標(biāo)等。第三部分：發(fā)表評(píng)論。對(duì)寓言故事中你所喜歡的和不喜歡的部分發(fā)表看法，也可以對(duì)整個(gè)故事進(jìn)行總體評(píng)價(jià)。最后也可以把故事推薦給他人等。常用表達(dá)[常用詞匯]1.beoneofthemostpopularfables是最受歡迎的寓言之一2.beintendedtotellpeople...試圖告訴人們……3.Themostmovingpartisthat...最讓人感動(dòng)的部分是……4.reflectthelifeconditionsofthosepoorpeople反映了那些貧窮人民的生活現(xiàn)狀5.havechancetointroducemyfavourite...有機(jī)會(huì)介紹我最喜歡的……6.insistondoingsth.堅(jiān)持做……[常用語(yǔ)句]★精彩開頭1.ALittleHorseCrossestheRiverisoneofthemostpopularfablesIhaveeverread，whichimpressedmealotthen.《小馬過河》是我曾經(jīng)讀過的最流行的寓言之一，當(dāng)時(shí)它給我留下很深的印象。2.Thefableisintendedtotellpeoplethatthereisawaywherethereisawill.這則寓言試圖告訴人們：有志者事竟成。3.I'mmorethandelightedtointroducemyfavouritefabletoyou，whosenameisTheStoneOnTheRoad.我非常高興地把我最喜歡的寓言故事介紹給你們，它的名字為《路上的石頭》?！镎募丫?.Notknowingmuchaboutthereality，thelittleboyisconvincedthathelivesinaworldwithoutanyviolenceandcrimes.由于對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)了解不多，這個(gè)小男孩相信他生活在一個(gè)沒有暴力和犯罪的世界里。2.Havingsavedupalotofmoneyafterfiveyearsofhardwork，heisgoingbacktohishometowntobuildahouseandmarryagirl.經(jīng)過五年的努力，他已經(jīng)攢了一大筆錢，因此他打算回老家蓋房娶妻。3.Thefableisalsosendingsuchamessagetous：dowellwhatweshoulddo，andlifewillreturnuswell.這則寓言也向我們傳達(dá)了這樣一個(gè)信息：做好我們?cè)撟龅拿恳患?，生活就?huì)給我們一個(gè)好的回饋?！镉辔督Y(jié)尾1.Weholdthestrongbeliefthatfailureisthemotherofsuccess.我們堅(jiān)信失敗是成功之母。2.Thefabletellsusthathardworkneverfailstopayoff.Weshouldbediligentinordertohaveabetterfuture.這則寓言告訴我們：努力工作終會(huì)獲得回報(bào)。我們應(yīng)該勤奮努力以期待更加美好的未來。3.ThefableIreadwassoeducational/instructivethatIplannedtoremendittoallmyfriends.我讀的這則寓言如此有教育意義，因此我打算把它推薦給我所有的朋友們。4.Ithinkthefableiswellworthreading，whichmirrorsthelifeconditionsofthoseyoungpeople.我認(rèn)為這則寓言非常值得一讀，它反映了那些年輕人的生活現(xiàn)狀。寫作訓(xùn)練最近你在《伊索寓言》讀了《狐貍和葡萄》的故事。故事中狐貍因?yàn)檎坏狡咸讯室庹f葡萄是酸的。這個(gè)故事告訴我們：在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，我們有時(shí)也會(huì)和狐貍一樣，在面對(duì)錯(cuò)誤或問題時(shí)，不是勇敢地去解決，而是不斷為自己找借口，現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你根據(jù)故事內(nèi)容并結(jié)合自己的情況或某些社會(huì)現(xiàn)象寫一篇評(píng)論。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【查漏補(bǔ)缺】一、單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Aftertheparty,mostguestsleft,withonlytwoofthem__________(remain)inthehostfamily,__________(help)himcleanup.2.Theyoungmanwascaught__________(steal)acar.3.Hewasjustabouttositdownwhenhefeltsomething__________(move)nearhisfeet.4.Itwasareally__________(terrify)experience.Afterwards,everybodywasvery__________(shock).5.Theflowers__________(smell)sweetinthebotanicalgardenattractthevisitorstoenjoythebeautyofnature.6.Wefoundthehouseeasilywiththelittleboy_________(lead)theway.7.Onthebankoftheriver,wefoundhim__________(lie)onabench,withhiseyes__________(fix)onakiteinthesky.8.Awomanaskedtheprimaryschoolinherneighborhoodtoaccepthersixyearoldson,Zejd,whohasa__________(hear)disability.9.Istoodonthebridgeandwatchedboats__________(pass)by.10.Themostpopularpastimeis__________(play)chess.二、語(yǔ)法填空（語(yǔ)法）Ijusthada(n)1._____________(interest)journeytoChengduwithmyparents.Before2._____________(leave),wemadesomeplans.WesearchedtheInternet,3._____________(learn)thatChengduisacitywithmanyplacesofinterest.Thenwemadeareservation(預(yù)約)withatravelagencysothataguidecouldshowusaround.Wewerewarmlygreetedbyourguidewhen4._____________(arrive)attheairport.Then,westartedourtrip.5._____________(follow)theguide,wefirstwenttoChengduGiantPandaBreedingBase,wherewesawalotofpandasandother6._____________(amuse)animals.Themost7._____________(excite)thingwasthatwehadthechancetotouchcutepandababiesandtakepictureswiththem.What’smore,ourguide8._____________(live)inChengduforsomanyyearstookustoenjoysomedeliciouslocalfoodsuchasChengduHotPot,KungPaochickenandMapoDoufu.Nowondereveryone9._____________(e)toChengduneverwantstoleave.三、改寫句子EXAMPLE:BecauseIdidnotknowanyone,Isatalonemyseatfortwohours.→Notknowinganyone,Isataloneinmyseatortwohours.AlthoughJoewasupsetbythereporter'swords,herespondedtohisquestionspolitely.→Althoughupsetbythereporterswords,Joerespondedtohisquestionspolitely.1.Asshewasfrightenedbythenoise,Amyturnedonallthelightsinthehouse._______________________________________________________________________2.Whiletheyweredrivingalongthefreeway,theynoticedakangaroostandinginthemiddleoftheroad._______________________________________________________________________3.Afterwewatchedthemoviefortenminutes,wefeltsoboredthatwedecidedtoleave._______________________________________________________________________4.AsIcameoutofmyhouse,Isawthevolcanoerupting(爆發(fā))._______________________________________________________________________5.Aftersheturnedfifteen,shebecameinterestedintravelling._______________________________________________________________________6.Becauseshedidn’twanttobelate,sallyrantothesubwaystation._______________________________________________________________________7.Timwasfeelingtired,sohewenttobedassoonashegothome._______________________________________________________________________8.Afterhegatheredallhiscourage,heranbackintotheburninghousetorescuethechild._______________________________________________________________________【梳理優(yōu)化】動(dòng)詞ing形式作狀語(yǔ)1.動(dòng)詞ing形式所表示的動(dòng)作與主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系2.完成式（havingdone）所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前3.動(dòng)詞ing形式的否定形式常在其前面加not4.動(dòng)詞ing形式作狀語(yǔ)，其前往往可以加when,while,if,unless,once,though,asif等連詞，構(gòu)成“連詞+動(dòng)詞ing形式”結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常是感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞。賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)doing→進(jìn)行和主動(dòng)省略to的不定式（do）→完成和主動(dòng)賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)beingdone→進(jìn)行和被動(dòng)done→完成和被動(dòng)【強(qiáng)化鞏固】一、單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Withsomanythings______________(bother)me,Ihopeyoucanoffermesomepracticalsuggestions.2.Withmoreandmorefarmers______________(rush)intocity,theirchildren’seducationisaproblem.3.Thenextthinghesawwassmoke______________(rise)fromthehouse.4.______________(work)allday,theyareverytired.5.Listen!Doyouhearsomeone______________(call)forhelp?6.Themanagerwouldliketoseehisplan______________(carry)outassoonaspossible.7.Hewassoangrythathethrewthetoyontheground,______________(break)itintopieces.8.Thegirlwasnoticed______________(quarrel)withanoldmanat9o’clockyesterday.9.______________(approach)thecitycenter,wesawastonestatueofabout10metersinheight.10.______________(go)straightdowntheroad,youwillfindthehospital.二、課文語(yǔ)法填空Whenshewasfiveyearsold,LinQiaozhiwasdeeply1.___________(affect)byhermother’s2.___________(die).Atage18,shechosetostudymedicine.Eightyearslater,Lingraduated3.___________PekingUnionMedicalCollegeand4.___________(immediate)becamethefirstwomanever5.___________(hire)asaresidentphysicianintheOB－GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.In1941,thedepartmentwasclosedbecauseofthewar.6.___________(think)ofallthepeoplestillinneedofhelp,DrLinopenedaprivateclinic.Shechargedverylowfeestotreatpatientsandoftenreducedcostsforpoorpatients.In1954,she7.___________(elect)tothefirstNationalPeople’sCongress.DrLindidnotretire8.___________thedayshedied,22April1983.Sinceshehadnochildrenofherown,shelefther9.___________(save)toakindergartenand10.___________fundfornewdoctors.三、完成句子1.________________________________________________________________________________________在工廠工作時(shí),他是一名先進(jìn)工人。2.________________________________________________________________________________________我下車的時(shí)候注意到一個(gè)男人正從銀行里跑出來。3.________________________________________________________________________________________看到那些畫,她想起了自己的童年。4.________________________________________________________________________________________我覺得我的心在猛烈地跳動(dòng)。5.________________________________________________________________________________________我們已經(jīng)作好了充分準(zhǔn)備,現(xiàn)在可以考了。6.________________________________________________________________________________________隨著另一個(gè)問題的出現(xiàn),許多消費(fèi)者不滿意了。7.________________________________________________________________________________________由于不知道石頭底下藏著金幣,很多人都沒有嘗試去搬走它。8.________________________________________________________________________________________你不能讓你的兒子周末整天都待在家里學(xué)習(xí)。9.________________________________________________________________________________________下了十多天雨,致使河水上漲。10.________________________________________________________________________________________他們不應(yīng)該不讓我們知道他們下一步要做什么?！菊n后練習(xí)】一、閱讀理解DrDianFossey,oneoftheworld'sleadingwomenscientists,hadaremarkablecareer.Thework—shedevotedherlifetoprotectingandstudyingthemountaingorillas(大猩猩)ofAfrica—hasprovedhighlyeffectiveandhasresultedinthesteady(平穩(wěn)的)increaseofthismostendangeredgreatapes.FosseymadeherfirsttriptoAfricain1963.Threeyearslater,shereturnedtoAfricatobeginalongtermstudyofthemountaingorillas.ShesetupcampintheDemocraticRepublicofCongobutmovedtoRwandabecauseofpoliticalreasonsin1967.Sheestablishedher“Karisoke”ResearchCentrecamponSeptember24,1967.Fossey'saimsweretostudygorillaecology(生態(tài)學(xué))andsocialorganization.Shefoundthatinordertoachievethis,sheneededtorecognizeindividualgorillas,whichrequiredthatthegorillasgetusedtoherpresence(出現(xiàn)).Bycopyinggorillas,behaviourandsounds,Fosseybegantogaintheirtrust,andin1970anadultmalegorillashehadnamed“Peanuts”reachedouttotouchherhand.CloseobservationsoverthousandsofhoursenabledFosseytogainthegorillas'trustandbringforthnewknowledgeabouttheirbehaviour.StoriesandphotographsofherworkwerepublishedinNationalGeographicMagazineandelsewhere.In1977,oneofFossey'sfavoritegorillas,Digit,waskilledbypoachersandsheestablishedtheDigitFundtohelpraisemoneyforgorillaprotectioneffortsinthesameyear.OnDecember26,1985,FosseywasmurderedwhilegoingbacktoherhouseinKarisoke.Herbodywasdiscoveredneartheresearchcentre.Mostprobably,DianFosseyhadbeenkilledbythepoachersshe'dfoughtagainst.Onhertombstone(墓碑)：“Noonelovedgorillasmore…”1.Whydoestheauthorsay“DrDianFosseyhadaremarkablecareer”?A.Becauseshetravelledallovertheworld. B.Becauseshelikedtoplaywithgorillas.C.Becauseshestudiedgorillaecology. D.Becauseshemadegreatapesincreasesteadily.2.WhichofthefollowingshowstherighttimeorderoftheeventsinFossey'slife?a.SheestablishedtheDigitFund. b.Herstorywasshowninamovie.c.Shewaskilledprobablybythepoachers. d.Sheestablishedher“Karisoke”centre.A.adcb B.acdb C.dcba D.dacb3.Theunderlinedword“poachers”inParagraph5probablyreferstopeoplewho________.A.selldrugsagainstthelaw B.huntanimalsagainstthelaw