海淀區(qū)2022—2023學(xué)年高三第一學(xué)期期末練習(xí)

英語(yǔ)試卷

本試卷共10頁(yè)，100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題紙上，在試卷上作答

無(wú)效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題紙一并交回。

第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)（共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在

答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

We'veallheardthesaying“Laughteristhebestmedicine^^Andtheremightbesomethinginthisidiom.

Numerousstudieshaveshownthatpeoplewhoreportgreater]tendtohavebettermedicaloutcomes.

Forinstance,a2017studyattheUniversityofNottinghamtestedtheeffectofmoodon138retirees2

thenormalfluinjection.Thosewhofelthappyonthedayofthevaccinationwentonto3moreflu-fighting

antibodies.EarlierworkatYaleUniversityandtheUniversityofFloridahasalsoshownthatpeople'smoodaffects

theactivationofgenesthatfightdisease.

Butdoeshappinessleadtogood4.orisittheotherwayaround?Afterall,itcouldbethatpeoplewho

havestrongimmunesystems5havehigherlevelsofothermood-improvingbrainchemicalsaswell.

Hereisapossibleevolutionary6.Humansevolvedassocialcreaturesthatcooperateingroupsto

7foodandprotectthemselvesfromwildanimals.Wewerehappierwitha（n）8networkoffriends

andfamilybecausethisimprovedourchancesofsurvival.Butcloselysocializinggroupsarealsobreedinggrounds

forrespiratory（呼吸的）9suchasfluandcolds,sowewouldhaveneededtoincreasetheactivityofthe

genesthatfightthesediseases.

Forthosewhowere10fromsociety,however,infectiousdiseasewaslessofaproblem,andgenesthat

helprecoverfromphysicalinjurymayhavebeenprioritizedinsteadoftheonesthatfightdisease.

1.A.successB.confidenceC.happinessD.determination

2.A.avoidingB.receivingC.missingD.organizing

3.A.produceB.repairC.detectD.absorb

4.A.healthB.moodC.relationshipD.performance

5.A.graduallyB.naturallyC.randomlyD.rarely

6.A.solutionB.predictionC.applicationD.explanation

7.A.consumeB.serveC.secureD.purchase

8.A.fixedB.enormousC.complicatedD.close

9.A.functionsB.infectionsC.activitiesD.systems

10.A.cutoffB.takenoverC.pickedoutD.madeup

第二節(jié)（共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分）

A

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

Afterearningamaster'sdegreein2016,HuangWenxiureturnedtoBaise,herhometown,insteadofseekinga

careerinBeijing.CCIcomefrom11remotemountainousvillage.Quiteanumberoffolks12

(struggle)withpovertythere,soallIwishistodomyparttoimprovetheirlives,9,sheoncesaid.Huangvolunteered

tojointhegrassrootspovertyalleviation(扶貧)effort.Sheinvitedexpertstotellthevillagers13they

couldimproveproduction.Shepersuadedthevillagerstoexpandtheplantingareaandencouragede-commerce

sales.418peoplefrom88householdswereliftedoutofpovertythankstoherefforts.

B

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

Governmentsatalllevelshavemadecontinuouseffortstoreducethefinancialburdenonhouserenters,

especiallythose14arenewcollegegraduates.AreportbytheMeadinAcademysaysthatcollege

graduates15(survey)prefertoliveinapartmentsnearthecompaniesorrailwaystationstofacilitatetheir

commute(通勤).Astohouserents,mostcollegegraduatesstillneed16(assistant)fromtheirparentsand

onlyabout20percentofthempaytherentthemselves.17(help)lowerthefinancialburdensofyoung

people,manygovernmentsandcompanieshavegiventheirsupportinhouserentals.

C

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

Withthepopularityofcycling,manycitieshavecombinedtheirtourismcharacteristicstolaunchthemedroutes.

Fromindoorexhibitions18outdoorconcertsandnightcyclingalongtheSouthCentralAxis(軸),aseries

ofactivities19(introduce)nextmonthsothaturbanresidentscanenjoythemselves.Anofficialofthe

ChinaTourismAcademysaid,<6Asmasstourismgrowsinpopularity,onlyhigh-qualityoutdoortourismproducts

canattractvisitorsandtheintegrationofmicro-vacationproductswithoutdoorsportsproducts20(have)

abroadspacefordevelopment.9,

第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)

第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該

項(xiàng)涂黑。

A

BestGiftsforEveryTypeofMom

DoyouwanttorewardMomwithNewYeargifts?Millionsofproductsareofferedonline,butdon'tgetscared

away.Wehavedonetheworkforyoubyselectingbestgiftideasforeverytypeofmom.Justclick“Addtocart”to

showerMomwithlove.

DaintyEarrings-BestfortheJewelryLover

Madefromsterlingsilver,theearringsarelightweightandperfectforeverydaywear.They'realsoidealfor

anyonewithsensitiveears.Amongthe8,000plusfive-starreviewers,AprilFarmerconfirm:this,saying,“Just

abouteverymaterialirritates（束!J激）myears,butIhavehadtheseinforthreemonthsnow-andnoirritation,no

colorchanging,orfadingofsilver.Ican'teventelltheyarein!^^

KSLunchBag-BestfortheWorkingMom

Thisin-disguisecoolerbagwillputasmileonmom'sfaceduringlunchhour.Withthousandsoffive-star

reviewers,thefashionableandfunctionalKSbaghasaninsulatedlining（隔熱的內(nèi)襯）thathelpskeepfoodand

beveragesfresh,andaninsidepocketthatholdsutensils.Plus,thesoft,lightweightdesignmakesiteasytobring

anywhere.

BrevilleExpress-BestfortheCoffeeLover

Talkaboutamorningboost!IfMomisatruecoffeelover,she'sdreamedofowningahigh-endespresso

machine.Nowyoucanmakethatdreamareality.TheBrevilleExpress,whichhasmorethan14,000five-star

reviews,comesineitherblackorstainlesssteelsurfacesandoffersthesamedose-controlledgrinding（研磨）thafs

normallyreservedforfancycoffeeshops.

BeckhamPillows-BestfortheOneWhoNeedsaGoodNighfsSleep

Shedeservesapeacefulnighfsrestafterallthehardworkshedoeseveryday,andshe'llgetjustthatwith

theseBeckhampillows.Thesetoftwoaffordablecoolinggelpillowsisidealforback,stomachandsidesleepers.

Itoffersmuch-neededtemperatureregulationthatwillkeephermorecomfortablethanever.It'sabestsellerwith

morethan126,000five-starreviews,soit'sprettymuchahit.

21.AprilFarmer'sreviewindicatesthattheDaintyEarringsare.

A.durableandfancyB.simpleandunique

C.stylishandvaluableD.lightandskin-friendly

22.Fromthepassage,wecanknowthat.

A.DaintyEarringsarebestforformaloccasions

B.KSLunchBagissilver,portableandinsulated

C.BrevilleExpressfeaturesfineandquickgrinding

D.BeckhamPillowssuitdifferentsleepingpositions

23.Whoisthepassageintendedfor?

A.Agenciessellingproductstomoms.

B.Peopleseekinggiftsfortheirmoms.

C.Momsplanningtorewardthemselves.

D.Salesmenstudyingmoms'preferences.

B

IfsthegreenwallofherschoolswimmingpoolthatJillCravenremembersbest,asshefeltherteacher9shand

onherhead,guidingherunderwater.t4Youknowhowtimeslows?Goingunder.Watching...”shesays.

ThiswasinPalmerstonNorth,whenshewasfive.Whileherthreeoldersiblingscouldswimhalfamileor

more,shewoulddoanythingtoavoidswimminglessons.Inher20s,shemovedtoLondontopursueacareerin

journalism.Sheinsistedshehadneverfearedforhercareer,butshestillhadthislifelongfearofbeingunderwater.

However,whensheretired,Cravenwasdiagnosedwithbreastcancer,andwasadvisedtoswimaspartofher

recovery.Stillfindingthefearundefeatable,shetookupwaterjogginginstead-liketreadingwater（踩水），but

moving-withafloatationaidaroundhermiddle.Shecouldgetherfeetofthebottomofthepoolforaquickdoggy

paddle,butanythingmorewasbeyondher.

Onedayatthepool,shesawagroupofchildrenhavingalesson.Itwasanindoorpool,niceandwarm,and

thechildrenwerefiveorsix.64Ijustthought,ifstimetodothis,^^shesays."WhoknowswhatIlookedlike.Anegg

beater,shecontinues."Ididfivestrokes,orsix.Iwassoproudofmyself'.Thenalifeguardencouragedherto

continueandtoldherhowtobreathe.Afriendgavehergoggles.HernieceJustinewalkedbesidethepoolclapping,

andCravenfeltasifshehadwonagoldmedal.JustineboughtCravenlessonsforher69thbirthday.Beforelong,

Cravenhadswumalengthwithherfaceinthewater.

Whenherinstructortoldhertositonthebottomofthepool,Cravenfeltlikegoingbacktobeingafive-year-

old.Shehungontothestairsasshewentdown.Butshedidit!Shestayedthereforafewseconds!

NowCravenswimstwiceaweek:fivelengths,sometimes10,witharestaftereach.t4Ijustthinkyouneedto

dothingsifyoucan.Ifyoucan,youmust.^^shesays.

24.WhydidCravenchoosewaterjogginginsteadofswimming?

A.Shehatedlosingface.

B.Shelikedtreadingwater.

C.Shewasafraidtoswim.

D.Shewasfondoffloating.

25.WhatinspiredCraventotryswimmingagain?

A.Thesightofkidslearningswimming.

B.ThesupportofhernieceJustine.

C.Theencouragementfromalifeguard.

D.Thedoctor'sadviceonherrecovery.

26.Whatisthepassagetryingtotellus?

A.Oncebitten,twiceshy.

B.Youcanneverteachanolddognewtricks.

C.Practicemakesperfect.

D.Nothingisimpossibleforawillingheart.

c

Anewstudyhasfoundhumanfeelingscanaccuratelybeexpressednumericallyandhavemorepredictive

powerforhowwebehavethanformalstudiesofsocioeconomicfactorslikehouseholdincomeandemployment

status.

Thestudyco-authorAndrewOswald,aprofessorofeconomicsandbehavioralsciencegatheredinformation

fromnearly700,000people,whowereaskedannuallyoverathree-decadeperiodhowtheyfeltonanumericalscale

abouttheirjob,spouse,healthandhome.Usingthedatacollected,researchersconstructedstatisticalmodelstoshow

howpeoplefeltandtheactionstheytookasaresultoftheirreportedfeelings.Thestudyfoundthatratingsoflife

satisfactionhadadirectlinear（線性的）relationshiptoactionspeoplesubsequentlytake.Participantswhorated

theirjobsatisfactionasa2outof7hada25%probabilityofquittingtheirjob.Thosewhorateda6outof7had

onlya10percentprobabilityofquitting.Thesamewastrueacrossothermeasureslikemarriage,healthandhousing.

Previousresearchhasalsoshowndataaboutfeelingspredicthumanoutcomes,butnotinsuchalinearfashion;

thedegreeofsatisfactionservedasagoodpredictoroffutureactions.Additionally,economistshavepreviously

beencriticaloffeelingsdatabecausetheyconsideredthemunscientificandunreliable.Butthisstudyshows

socioeconomicfactorshavealesserprobabilityofpredictinghumanbehaviorthandataonfeelings.

Thoughthestudyshowsnumberscanquantifyfeelings,researchersarestillabitconfusedastowhyestimates

ofseeminglysubjectivefeelingscanbesuchgoodpredictorsoffutureactions.AccordingtoOswald,anumberof

factorscouldbeatplay.Humansareveryexperiencedincomparativethinkingandareabletoscaletheirownlife

satisfactionagainstthatoftheirneighbors.We'realsoaccustomedtousingmeasuringdevicesforotheraspectsof

lifeliketemperature,distanceandweight,soitshouldn'tbetoosurprisingthatwe'reabletomeasureourfeelings

inasimilarlyaccurateway.Anotherstudyco-authorCasparKaisersaysthatitmayalsobebecausewecommunicate

ourfeelingsanddoitinascaledfashioneveryday.Thiscouldbewhyitcomesoutinthedatamoreaccuratelythan

inobjectivemarkers.

OriHeffetz,aneconomicsprofessorwhowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysthatthisresearchshowsfeelings

datashouldn'tbeunderestimatedevenifthey'remoredifficulttostudy."'Scientistswhoignorethisdosoattheir

ownrisk,^^hesays.

Lookingahead,Kaiserhopesthissamedatacanbestudiedinlower-incomecountriessothatitcanbeapplied

universallytoplaceswithvariedlevelsofeconomicdevelopment.Butmorethananythingelsehe'sinterestedin

studyingwhyfeelingsworksowell.

27.Paragraph2ismainlyabout.

Aresearchprocessandfindings

B.researchtopicandsignificance

C.researchsubjectsandpurpose

D.researchdatacollectionandanalysis

28.Whatcanweknowaboutthestudy?

A.Italsoappliestopeoplefromlower-incomecountries.

B.Itchallengestheopinionthatfeelingsdataareunreliable.

C.Itexplainswhyratingsoffeelingscanforeseefutureactions.

D.Itfirstshowsdataaboutfeelingscanpredicthumanbehavior

29.WhatisOri'sattitudetowardsthestudy?

A.Neutral.B.Skeptical.C.Supportive.D.Cautious.

30.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.HowYouRateYourLifePredictsYourFutureBehavior

B.FeelingsForecastActionsBetterthanEconomicFactors

CWhyYourFeelingsAffectYourFutureActions

D.RankingEveryAspectofYourLifeCounts

D

Peoplewhothinkofthemselvesastough-mindedandrealistictendtotakeitforgrantedthathumannatureis

selfishandthatlifeisastruggleinwhichonlythefittestmaysurvive.Accordingtothisphilosophy,thebasiclaw

bywhichpeoplemustlive,isthelawofthejungle.The"fittest“arethosewhocanbringtothestrugglesuperior

force,superiorcunningandsuperiorruthlessness.

Butweareentitledtoaskwhethertheruthlessnessofthetiger,thecunningofthefoxandtheobediencetothe

lawofthejungleare,intheirhumanapplications,actuallyevidenceofhumanfitnesstosurvive.Ifhumanbeings

aretopickuppointersonbehaviorfromtheloweranimals,aretherenotanimalsotherthanbeastsofpreyfrom

whichwemightlearnlessonsinsurvival?

Wemight,forexample,looktotherabbitorthedeeranddefinefitnesstosurviveassuperiorspeedinrunning

awayfromourenemies.Wemightpointtotheearthwormorthemoleandattributetheirfitnesstosurvivetothe

abilitytokeepoutofsightandoutoftheway.Ifwesimplylooktoanimalsinordertodefinewhatwemeanby

""fitnesstosurvive”,thereisnolimittothesubhumansystemsofbehaviorthatwecanthinkup.Wemayemulate

anyanimalbecausetheyhaveallobviouslysurvivedinonewayoranother.Wearestillentitledtoask,however,if

humansurvivaldoesnotrevolvearoundadifferentkindoffitnessfromthatoftheloweranimals.

Biologistsdistinguishbetweentwokindsofstruggleforsurvival.First,thereistheinterspecificstruggle,

warfarebetweendifferentspeciesofanimals.Second,thereistheintraspecificstruggle,warfareamongmembers

ofasinglespecies.Agreatdealofevidenceinmodembiologyindicatesthatthosespeciesthathavedeveloped

elaboratemeansofintraspecificcompetitionoftenmakethemselvesunfitforinterspecificcompetition,andthat

strengthandfiercenessinfightingandkillingotheranimals,whetherininterspecificorintraspecificcompetition,

haveneverbeenenoughinthemselvestoguaranteethesurvivalofaspecies.

Ifwearegoingtotalkabouthumansurvival,oneofthefirstthingstodo,evenifwegrantthatpeoplemust

fighttolive,istodistinguishbetweenthosequalitiesthatareusefulinfightingtheenvironmentandotherspecies

andthosequalitiesthatareusefulinfightingotherpeople.Therearealsocharacteristicsimportanttohumansurvival

thatdonotinvolvefighting.

Cooperationisessentialtothesurvivalofmostlivingcreatures.Andhumanbeingsarethetalkinganimals.

Anytheoryofhumansurvivalthatleavesthisfactoutofaccountisnomorescientificthanwouldbeatheoryof

beaversurvivalthatfailedtoconsidertheinterestingusesabeavermakesofitsteethandflattail.Letusseewhat

talkingmeans.

beaver

31.Accordingtothepassage,the"SurvivaloftheFittesf5theory.

A.showsthatthetough-mindedandrealisticsurvive

B.isoftenusedasanexcuseforone'sbeingselfish

C.appliesbetterinhumansocietythaninthewild

D.isuniversallyacknowledgedamongscientists

32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"emulate“inParagraph3mostprobablymean?

A.CopyB.Protect.C.Trap.D.Admire.

33.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorismostlikelytoagreethat.

A.humanshavenosuperiorforceoverotherspecies

B.humanshavesurvivedbecausetheyarethefittest

C.humansdon'thavetolearnfromanimalstosurvive

D.humansneedtofighteachotherfortheirownsurvival

34.Whatismostlikelytobetalkedaboutnext?

A.Waystomakehumansmorecompetitive.

B.Human9scooperationviacommunication

C.Differencesbetweenbeaversandhumans.

D.Thedevelopmentofhumansurvivalskills.

第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2分，共10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)

涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

TheScienceofRecreationalFear

Frompeek-a-bootoHalloweenhauntedhouses,researchshowsthatrecreationalfearcanteachustofacescary

situations.The"paradoxofhorror99isthatbeingscared,undertherightcircumstances,canbefun.35

Havingfunwithfearisan“extremelyimportanttoolforlearning,9,saidMathiasClasen,directorofthe

RecreationalFearLabatAarhusUniversityinDenmark.atWelearnsomethingaboutthedangersoftheworld.We

learnsomethingaboutourownresponses:Whatdoesitfeelliketobeafraid?HowmuchfearcanItake?”

Horrormovieshavegottenmorepopular.Andinonesurveyofmorethan1,000Americans,conductedby

Clasen,55%describedthemselvesashorrorfans.36Manypeoplewhowouldnotconsiderthemselves

fansoffearenjoytrue-crimepodcastsandnovelsfeaturingviolenceandmurder.Othersmayenjoynature

documentariesabouttoppredators（捕食性動(dòng)物）suchassharksandbears.

Evenbabieslikebeingalittlespooked（驚的）.Peek-a-boois"aninfantjumpscare,9,Clasensaid.37

“Idon'tthinkI'veyetcomeacrossapersonwhodidnotenjoysomekindofrecreationalfear/hesaid.

38Itisacombinationofanadrenaline（腎上腺素）rushandanopportunitytolearnaboutdealing

withscarysituationsinasafeenvironment,researcherssay.Whenweareafraid,ourendocrinesystemreleases

adrenaline,noradrenalineandcortisoltohelpprepareourbodyforphysicalaction.Weknowthe"Halloween“movie

MichaelMyersisnotreal,butourbrainstillrespondsasifhewereaburningthreat.Onebrainimagingstudyfound

thatwatchinghorrormoviesactivatesthreat-responsebrainregionssuchastheamygdala（扁桃腺），prefrontal

cortexandinsulaasifthedangerwerereal.

Afterthisrush,manypeopleexperienceanupliftedmood.Onestudyexaminedhow262adultsfeltbeforeand

aftertheyenteredanextremehauntedhouse.39Brainrecordingsbeforeandaftershowedthatthose

whosemoodimprovedhadasmallerneuralresponsetosubsequentstressors,whichisassociatedwiththepost-

haunthigh.

A.Sowhydowelikeit?

B.Fiftypercentofpeoplesaidtheyfeltbetterafterthevisit.

C.Andrecreationalfear,asitisrightlynamed,couldbenefitus,too.

D.Playingwithfearhelpsuslearnwhatourbodydoesunderpressure.

E.Horror,though,isnottheonlygenreofwhatpeoplefindscaryfun,hesaid.

F.Wedefinerecreationalfearbroadlyasamixedemotionalexperienceoffearandenjoyment.

G.Classicchildhoodgamesoftagandhide-and-seekarejustliketherealscenesofpredatorvs.prey.

第三部分：書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）

第一節(jié)(共4小題;第40、41小題各2分，第42小題3分，第43小題5分，共12分)

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問(wèn)題。

Engaginginmeaningfulconversationswithothersstrengthenssocialbondsandboostswell-beingfarmore

thansmalltalkdoes.Yetmanypeoplefearorevenactivelyavoidintimate(親密的)conversations,especiallywith

thosetheydon'tknowwell.Whyarewesounwillingtoengageinanactivitythatcouldbenefitussoacutely?

Accordingtonewresearch,itmaybeduetomiscalculatedexpectations,andchangingthemcouldfosterdeeper

connections.

InaseriesofstudiespublishedintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,participantseitherengaged

in“shallow“conversations(speaking,forexample,abouttheirsleepscheduleorhowoftentheygethaircuts)or

“deep”discussions(coveringembarrassingmomentsorwhatthey'regratefulfor