練案[5]必修第一冊(cè)UNIT4NATURAL

DISASTERS

I.完形填空

(2023?蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市一調(diào))

IwasdrivingonthefreewaywhenIsawasign.ltl.Adriversthatchains

wouldberequiredtocrossthemountain.lttookmequitesometimetogetthechains

on.WhenIgottoaspotwhereitwasnolongersnowing,ItookthechainsoffsoI

coulddriveata(n)2.Cspeed.

Suddenly,I3.Banothersnowy,icypatchintheroad.Mycarspunoutintoa

snowdrift.Ithoughtof4.Dsometreebranchesandplacingthemundermytires,

butitwassocoldoutsidethatmyhandsweren'tworking5.A.1gotinsidethecar

andcalledAmericanAutomobileAssociation(AAA).

ARussianmancameuptomywindowandsaidhello.BeforeIcouldsaytoo

much,heandhisthreesonswerealready6.Ctopushmycar.Igotoutofmycar

and7.Bthem.

ItwaspastmidnightandtheycouldhavedecidedthatAAAwould8.Athe

situationafterourinitial9.Dfailed.Yet,theystayedwithmefornearly45

minutesaswekepttrying10.Cthingstogetthecaroutofthesnow,insistentthat

theywouldn'tleaveuntilIwas1LD.

Atfirst,Iwasalittle12.Aaboutbeingstuckinthefreezingweatheratsuch

alatehour,buttheircheerfulattitudechangedthewhole13.Bandliftedmy

spirits.

Afternearly45minutesofhardworkwhenmycarwasfinallyfree,theydidn*t

even14.Caroundlongenoughformetogettheirnames.Theyjustrantoward

theirtruck,15.Dabitontheice,andyelledback“DriveSlowly”,liketrue

smileheroes!

語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀：“我”在山上駕車(chē)時(shí)被困在雪中，在打電話(huà)求救后的等待過(guò)程中，

“我”偶遇了好心人。在他們的幫助下，“我”脫離了困境。

1.A.warnedB.encouraged

C.promisedD.taught

解析：根據(jù)空后的“chainswouldberequiredtocrossthemountain”可矢口，標(biāo)牌

上提醒司機(jī)說(shuō)，穿越此山需要給車(chē)加防滑鏈。故選A。

2.A.slowB.average

C.normalD.top

解析：根據(jù)空前的“WhenIgottoaspot...snowing,Itookthechainsoff”可

知，到達(dá)不再下雪的地點(diǎn)時(shí)，“我”取下鏈條，讓汽車(chē)以正常速度行駛。故選C。

3.A.missedoutB.cameupon

C.lookedforD.pulledoff

解析:根據(jù)空前的“Suddenly”和空后的“spunoutintoasnowdrift"可知，"我”

突然遇到了另一個(gè)被雪覆蓋的結(jié)冰的地方。comeupon“偶然遇見(jiàn)”符合語(yǔ)境。

missout"錯(cuò)失機(jī)會(huì),遺漏”；pulloff"做成,駛離（道路）”。故選Bo

4.A.removingB.burning

C.destroyingD.breaking

解析：根據(jù)空后的“sometreebranches...tires”并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，"我"想折斷

一些樹(shù)枝，墊到輪胎下面。故選D。

5.A.properlyB.casually

C.creativelyD.comfortably

解析：根據(jù)空前的“itwassocoldoutside”可知，由于外面太寒冷，“我”的

手無(wú)法正?；顒?dòng)。故選A。

6.A.proposingB.continuing

C.startingD.claiming

解析：根據(jù)空前的“werealready”和語(yǔ)境可知，“我”還沒(méi)來(lái)得及說(shuō)太多，

他和他的三個(gè)兒子已經(jīng)開(kāi)始推“我”的汽車(chē)了。故選C。

7.A.urgedB.joined

C?stoppedD.left

解析：根據(jù)空前的“gotoutofmycar”和語(yǔ)境可知，“我”從汽車(chē)中出來(lái)，加

入他們當(dāng)中。故選B。

8.A.handleB.improve

C.reviseD.clarify

解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，已經(jīng)過(guò)了午夜，他們本可以讓美國(guó)汽車(chē)協(xié)會(huì)來(lái)處理這

種情況的。故選A。

9.A.preparationsB.appeals

C.impressionsD.attempts

解析：根據(jù)空后的“kepttrying”可知，最初的嘗試都失敗了。故選D。

10.A.typicalB.unique

C.differentD.difficult

解析：根據(jù)空后的“togetthecaroutofthesnow”，并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，為了讓

汽車(chē)從雪里出來(lái)，我們不斷嘗試不同的方法。故選C。

11.A.approachedB.forgiven

C.protectedD.freed

解析：根據(jù)最后一段第一句中的“free”再結(jié)合該句語(yǔ)境可知，他們堅(jiān)持要等

“我”脫身后再離開(kāi)。故選D。

12.A.concernedB.anxious

C.awkwardD.confused

解析：根據(jù)空后的“beingstuckinthefreezingweather"再結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，開(kāi)

始時(shí)“我”還有點(diǎn)擔(dān)心這么晚還困在這么冷的天氣里。故選A。

13.A.analysisB.situation

C.definitionD.truth

解析：根據(jù)空前的'cheerfulattitude”可知，他們樂(lè)觀(guān)的態(tài)度改變了整個(gè)局面，

也振奮了“我”的情緒。故選B。

14.A.playB.walk

C.stickD.glance

解析：根據(jù)空后的“ongenoughformetogettheirnames”可知，經(jīng)過(guò)近45分

鐘的辛苦工作，“我”的車(chē)終于重獲自由，但他們沒(méi)待多久，甚至沒(méi)等“我”知

道他們的名字。故選C。

15.A.movedB.recovered

C.dashedD.slid

解析：根據(jù)空后的“ontheice"再結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，他們跑向自己的卡車(chē),在

冰上滑了一下。故選D。

II.閱讀理解

（2023.南京市六校聯(lián)合體調(diào)研）

Naturaldisasterstakemanydifferentformsandcanhappenwithout

warning.Earthquakes,floods,volcanoes,drought,typhoonsandhurricanesareall

naturaldisasters.

TheearthquakeonDecember26th,2004resultedinoneoftheworstnatural

disastersinlivingmemory.ltwasamassiveunderwaterquakeandoccurredinthe

IndianOcean.ThiscausedahugetsunamitocrosstheIndianOcean.ltdestroyed

coastlinesandcommunitiesandbroughtdeathanddestructiontomanypeople.The

survivorsneededfreshwater,foodandsheltersaswellasmedicalhelp.Peoplefrom

allovertheworldgavemoneysothattownsandvillagescouldberebuilt.

Thesurfaceoftheearthdidnotalwayslookasitdoestoday；itismoving

continuouslyandhasdonesoforbillionsofyears.Thisisonecauseofearthquakes,

whenonesectionoftheearthcollideswithanother.Scientistscanpredictwherethis

mighthappenandtheareabetweenplatesiscalledafaultline.However,earthquakes

donotalwayshappenonfaultlines,whichiswhytheyaresodangerousand

unpredictable.

Volcanoeshappenwheretheearth*scrust（地殼）isthin一lava,dustandgases

eruptfrombeneaththeearth.Theycanriseintoamassiveconeshape一likea

mountain—anderupt,ortheycanbesoviolentthattheyjustexplodedirectlyfrom

theearthwithnowarning.

HurricanesareextremelystrongstormsandoftenhappenintheCaribbean.They

causehighwinds,hugewaves,andheavyfloodingandcancrosshundredsofmiles.

Floodshappeninmanycountriesafterveryheavyrainfall.Whenrainpoursfor

weeksatatimeandriversoverflow,peopleandpropertycanbetrappedorsimply

washedaway.

Anotherkindofnaturaldisasterisdrought.Thishappenswhenthereisno

water-whenitdoesn'trainforalongtimeandriversdryup.Thiscausescropstofail,

animalstodieandsadly,peopletostarve.

Allthesedisastersareverydangerous,buttheyarenowherenearthemost

dangerous.Onetypeofeventintheearth'shistoryhasregularlykilledmillionsof

beings：theasteroid（小行星）impact,whichcausesmassivedestructionandsometimes

killsentirespecies,includingallthedinosaurs.Disastersontheearthmayseem

dangerous,butthebiggestthreattohumansislikelytocomefromspace.

語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀：本文主要介紹了不同種類(lèi)的自然災(zāi)害，包括地震、火山、颶風(fēng)、

洪水、干旱等。作者認(rèn)為，對(duì)人類(lèi)而言最大的災(zāi)難可能來(lái)自太空。

1.Whatdidpeoplefromallovertheworlddowhenthetsunamioccurredinthe

IndianOcean?_C—

A.Theyaidedthesearchforthevictims.

B.Theygaveawaymoneytothebeggars.

C.Theyofferedsponsorshiptohelpthesurvivors.

D.Theyrebuiltthecoastlinesandcommunities.

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thesurvivorsneeded...couldberebuilt.

可知，印度洋海嘯的幸存者需要淡水、食物、收容所以及醫(yī)療幫助，來(lái)自世界各

地的人們捐了款，以幫助他們重建家園。故選C。

2.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?_A—

A.Whyearthquakeshappen.

B.Whatearthquakesdestroy.

C.Howwecanpreventearthquakes.

D.Whenearthquakeshappen.

解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，該段主要介紹了地震發(fā)生的原因

之一：地球不停地轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，板塊碰撞時(shí)便會(huì)發(fā)生地震。故選A。

3.Whichnaturaldisasterdoestheauthorthinkthemostdangerous?A

A.Theasteroidimpact.

B.Thetsunami.

C.Drought.

D.Thehurricane.

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)本文尾段內(nèi)容可知，作者認(rèn)為最危險(xiǎn)的自然災(zāi)害是

小行星撞擊。故選A。

4.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?_B_

A.TheHistoryofNaturalDisasters

B-TheTypesofNaturalDisasters

C.TheOutcomeofNaturalDisasters

D.ThePredictionofNaturalDisasters

解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章首句"Naturaldisasterstake…without

warning."為全文主旨句；再結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了不同種類(lèi)的自然

災(zāi)害，故B項(xiàng)最適合作本文標(biāo)題。故選B。

III.七選五

（2023?河北省五校聯(lián)盟一模）

Owls（貓頭鷹）aresofamousfortheirnighttimeactivitiesthatthephrase"night

owl“isusedtodescribepeoplewhostayuplate.l.B.That'sbecausesomeowlsare

activedaytimehunters.Duringthedaytime,thenorthernhawkowlandthenorthern

pygmyowlarehuntingformeals,makingthemdiurnal-thatis,activeduringthe

daytime.Moreover,it'snotuncommontospotasnowyowlorburrowingowlduring

theday,dependingontheseasonandfoodavailability.Stillothershuntduringboththe

dayandnight,aswellasdaybreakandnightfall.

2.G.Forinstance,thenorthernpygmyowlhasapreferenceforsongbirds,

whichareawakeduringtheday.Thenorthernhawkowl,whichhuntsduringtheday,

aswellasatdaybreakandnightfall,eatssmallbirdsandotherdiurnalanimals.

Asthenorthernhawkowl'snameimplies,itlooksquitehawkish.

3.D.However,it'sunclearwhetherthecommonancestortheysharedwasdiurnal,

likethehawk,ornocturnal-thatis,activeatnight,likemostowls.

However,nocturnalowlscertainlygetadvantagesfromtheirnighttimeactivities.

4.A,bothofwhichhelpthemexcelatnighttimehunting.Besides,thecoverof

darknesshelpsnocturnalowlsavoidpredators（捕食者），aswellasattackprey,

principallybecausetheirfeathershardlymakeanynoisewhentheyfly.

Whetherowlsarenocturnalordiurnal,expertscredittheirsuccesstothe

birds'flexibilityandadaptability."Somehuntspecificpreyataspecifictime,dayor

night.5.E,"anexpertsaid.

A.Owlshaveexcellentvisionandhearing

B.Butthesayingisactuallyabitmisleading

C.Thosespeciesarewell-equippedfornightlife

D.That'sbecauseowlsandhawksarecloselyrelated

E.Othersaremoregeneralandmoreabletoadapttowhat'sneeded

F.Owlsdon*tquiteasclearlyfallintonocturnalanddiurnalasotheranimals

G.Thereasonbehindthesevaryingsleepscheduleslargelyhastodowithprey

availability

語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了貓頭鷹的捕食習(xí)性。

解析：

1.語(yǔ)境&邏輯推斷。設(shè)空處上文提到，貓頭鷹因其夜間活動(dòng)而為人們所知，

"夜貓子”一詞用來(lái)描述熬夜的人；設(shè)空處下文“That'sbecausesomeowlsare

activedaytimehunters.”與設(shè)空處構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，應(yīng)是對(duì)設(shè)空處內(nèi)容做出解釋?zhuān)?/p>

activedaytimehunter與設(shè)空處前的nighttimeactivities形成對(duì)比故設(shè)空處應(yīng)表示

轉(zhuǎn)折，對(duì)“夜貓子”這種說(shuō)法提出質(zhì)疑。B項(xiàng)（但這種說(shuō)法實(shí)際上有一些誤導(dǎo)作

用）承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境，選項(xiàng)中的thesaying指代前文的nightowl0故選Bo

2.語(yǔ)境&邏輯推斷。設(shè)空處位于本段首句，應(yīng)為本段的主題句。根據(jù)空后

內(nèi)容“thenorthernpygmyhasapreferenceforsongbirds”以及"Thenorthernhawk

owl...eatssmallbirdsandotherdiurnalanimals.”可知，貓頭鷹的捕食習(xí)性與其獵物

的作息有直接關(guān)系，且由空后的Forinstance可知，設(shè)空后的句子是對(duì)設(shè)空處內(nèi)

容進(jìn)行具體舉例，故設(shè)空處應(yīng)是說(shuō)明貓頭鷹在捕食方面的習(xí)性。G項(xiàng)（這些不同

的作息時(shí)間與獵物的可獲得性有很大關(guān)系）弓I出下文，符合語(yǔ)境，選項(xiàng)中的these

varyingsleepschedules指代上一段提到的貓頭鷹的不同作息時(shí)間。故選Go

3.語(yǔ)境&邏輯推斷。設(shè)空處前提到北方鷹鴿在外形上與鷹十分相似，空后

則說(shuō)尚不清楚鷹與貓頭鷹的共同祖先是晝行性動(dòng)物還是夜行性動(dòng)物，由空后的

However可知，空后內(nèi)容應(yīng)與設(shè)空處內(nèi)容形成轉(zhuǎn)折。D項(xiàng)（這是因?yàn)樨堫^鷹和鷹

關(guān)系十分緊密）對(duì)空前內(nèi)容做出解釋?zhuān)⑴c空后的thecommonancestor相呼應(yīng)，

且空后的they指代選項(xiàng)中的owlsandhawks。故選Do

4.考查語(yǔ)境推斷。設(shè)空處上文提到夜行性貓頭鷹在夜間活動(dòng)中具有優(yōu)勢(shì)，

空后則說(shuō)明有兩種特征幫助他們?cè)谝归g進(jìn)行捕食。A項(xiàng)（貓頭鷹有卓越的視力和

聽(tīng)力）承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境，空后的which指代選項(xiàng)中的visionandhearing.,故選

Ao

5.語(yǔ)境&邏輯推斷。根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容可知，本段主要介紹專(zhuān)家對(duì)貓頭鷹的靈

活性和適應(yīng)性進(jìn)行了高度評(píng)價(jià)。空前一句提到一些貓頭鷹在晝夜的特定時(shí)間捕食

特定的獵物，設(shè)空處應(yīng)是描述與之相反的情況。E項(xiàng)（其他貓頭鷹的捕食對(duì)象更

為廣泛，且更能適應(yīng)捕食對(duì)象的作息）承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境，且與上文構(gòu)成

Some...Other殉式。故選E。

IV.語(yǔ)法填空

（2023?大連高三質(zhì)檢）

Covering7millionsquarekilometersofjungleandtheriverovereightcountries,

theAmazonrainforestishometomillionsofsortsofplantsandanimals,someof

1.whicharestillbeingdiscoveredtoday.It'salsotheworld's2.1argest（large）

supplierofoxygenandisatreasurechestofmedical3.researchers(researcher)

whoareexperimentingwithdifferentplantsinthehopeoffindingcuresforcertain

diseases.4.However,theworldisattheriskoflosingthisrichrainforestbecauseof

deforestation(濫伐森林)5.caused(cause)bytheactionsoffarmers,loggersand

settlers.

TheAmazonBasin6.haslost(lose)20%ofitsrainforestsince197O.Cattle

farmershave7.continuously(continuous)clearedthelandforcows8.toeat

(eat)onandcropfarmershavebegunslashandbum(刀耕火種)，afarming